Man in the Light of Occultism, Theosophy and Philosophy
GA 137
4 June 1912, Oslo
Lecture II
My dear Friends,
If now we would proceed to consider man from the three points of view—the occult, the theosophical and the philosophical—it will be necessary to speak first of the occult point of view. And we shall do best if we start by giving a description of how in the history of the evolution of mankind one or another human being has succeeded in raising himself to occult vision of the world.
As we said in the introductory lecture, there have naturally never been more than a few who were found ripe to partake in all that went on in the Mysteries and places of occult teaching and education. It is therefore of the development of these few that we shall have to speak.
It will, however, also have been clear to you from many other lectures I have given that we stand now at a point in time when through the popularising of theosophical knowledge more and more people will have to take part in occult life, instead of the very few who have done so in the past. So that what we have to consider today concerns everyone who takes an interest in theosophy and realises that occult knowledge—the knowledge, that is, of the hidden aspects of existence—must no longer remain secret, but must spread farther and farther, in accordance with the demands of a continually developing humanity.
A man who set out to attain occult knowledge had in the first place to turn his gaze away from the external world and direct it upon the forces of his own soul. Since he had, however, at the same time to remain a man of action in the external world, his occult development was, so to say, his own affair, was a matter that concerned himself alone In the world he continued to be a man among men, with all the duties that life had brought to him. This fact found striking expression in the very first step he had to take for the development of his soul forces. For the first thing the pupil had to do may be described in the following words he had to reconcile himself to his karma in respect of all that concerned his will. Reconciliation with karma (or destiny)—that was the first thing demanded of a man who was undergoing occult development.
Please do not imagine that such a reconciliation with one's karma necessitates the forming of a comprehensive theory about karma what is meant is much more a particular kind of culture and education of the life of feeling. Think how it is with a man who is beginning on a path of occult development Before the moment of time when he makes this beginning, he has lived in the world as a man among men. He has acquired a certain standing in life, he has made himself master of certain thoughts which enable him to carry out satisfactorily the external actions that his calling demands. He has also come to recognise certain duties or obligations that custom and society have laid upon him. It can at the very outset be assumed that any man who has not responded to what the world demanded of him, any man, that is, who does not want loyally to fulfil his obligations to the world around, would never have the urge to undergo occult development In fact, as a general rule, those who could be called to occult development were men who showed great ability in the positions in which life had placed them and who were also desirous of being in every respect equal to the obligations laid upon them by custom and society. The capacities and faculties a man shows in his position in life, the round of duties also that he recognises as incumbent upon him,—these are the very things that constitute karma in the positive sense. Here a man's karma comes to expression. And the first demand made upon a man who was preparing to step outside the bounds of his position in life as such and enter upon an investigation of the spiritual world, was that he should not in any way deviate from the karma of his life, but maintain it untouched. This meant that he made a promise, to himself and to those who were assisting him to penetrate into the occult world, not to make use in his outer standing in life of whatever should be acquired in the field of occult research. His will and action had to be so directed that others who were observing him would not be aware of any marked difference in the whole behaviour of his life since he had begun to take steps on the path of occult research. The power given him in occult research must never be allowed to interfere in the external life of the physical plane. This is what is meant by “reconciliation with karma.” The pupil forgoes all advantages that might be gained by occult means for his position in life.
We shall find that a right and regular following of the path does, as a matter of fact, lead often to a certain improvement in the pupil's external standing in life. This, however, has nothing to do with the obligation that has to be deliberately undertaken by one who sets out on the occult path. “You shall not attempt to make any use of your occult development to acquire an advantage over those who stand with you in life, but you shall direct your life in accordance with the very same rules which you have followed hitherto.” Such was the injunction constantly laid upon those who underwent occult development It was the first renunciation they were called upon to make,—to forgo all application to an egoistic end of the means acquired in occult life. What has just been said is intended to be taken quite exactly and literally; please receive the words as they stand, neither more nor less. You will observe that they are concerned with what the pupil is in a position to do, or is under obligation to do, in the external world by reason of the karma that is laid upon him.
From the very outset the egoistic will of man is thus consciously and deliberately excluded from all occult striving. This factor alone brings about a change in the whole mood and character of the pupil. If you reflect for a moment, you will see that this must be so. Hitherto the round of duties that devolve on him in his external position in life have been the one and only world in which he lived and to which he devoted himself. Now he takes upon himself the obligation to continue to live in this world in accordance with the same rules as he has followed hitherto, and yet at the same time to have forces to spare for something else quite different. This means that a boundary is set up for him between two regions within both of which he is active. A world now opens before him to which he previously never gave a thought. That is a fact of extraordinary importance. For verily man begins a new chapter in his life, when fresh interests suddenly enter and assert themselves strongly and persistently.
This then was what happened at the very beginning of occult development; a man's whole feeling and interest were claimed for a new world, a world in which he had previously had neither part nor place. Strict watch had to be kept on the pupil, especially in the more ancient Mysteries and schools of occult development, lest he be brought into any disharmony with his circle of external interests. It was sternly required of him to fulfil his duty in the widest sense in respect of the demands made by his calling or by his connection with the State or other form of community. Those who made any show of not being willing to do this or of rebelling against the duties of external life were not admitted into places of occult instruction. I am here simply relating facts. Study the history of occult development, and you will find that those who in outer life showed themselves rebellious in one direction or another against the whole ordering of life within which they lived were not members of any Mystery school or place of occult instruction.
The second thing required of the pupil was far more difficult of attainment. Consider the case of a man who has given himself and his teachers the promise of which we have spoken. He has had to declare: “I will not suffer to enter into my will, as it makes itself felt on the physical plane, anything that has come to me as a result of occult research.” He takes with him into the realm of occult research the entire forces of his soul, with the exception of the will. The will is held back in accordance with his promise; but every other faculty that he has at his disposal on the physical plane—judgment, fancy and imagination, memory, emotions,—all these forces and faculties of the soul with which he was previously active on the physical plane, can still be actively applied on that plane.
Take the intellect or understanding,—that capacity of the soul which enables us to discriminate and to form judgments about the facts of life. We could not get on without it in ordinary life; we have to apply it at every turn. Now let us suppose we become a member of an occult society or school. We achieve certain results in occult research; we acquire, let us say, knowledge about what we do in our external standing in life. We are not allowed to apply this knowledge with our will. But to begin with, there is nothing to prevent us from calling in the help of all the higher means we have from occult research in order to make intelligent observation of the things and persons that we meet with on the physical plane. Thus, we may not allow the results of occult research to flow into our action or into the resolves of our will, but we may allow occult research to have its influence upon the way we form our thoughts and conclusions on the kingdoms of nature as well as on our fellowmen,—in effect, upon the whole way in which we stand in the ordinary world with our intellect.
You will observe that a rigid self-discipline will here be necessary. What is easier for a man who meets other men and has to take active part in their lives than to apply what he knows? Suppose, for example, he is able by the help of his intellect to perceive that he has to do with a morally inferior person, nothing is easier than that he should act accordingly. It would be the natural and obvious thing to do.
The occultist, however, may not take this line. By means of what occult research gives him he can, it is true, give wings to his understanding and have clearer insight than he could before into the character of a fellowman, can recognise perhaps that he is a morally inferior person; he can also regulate accordingly what he does to this person, for he has accepted no obligation in regard to his fellowman but only in regard to his own standing in life. He is under no necessity to refrain from applying his will in respect of what he does for the other person. What he does, however, on his own behalf,—for that he is under obligation to be reconciled with his karma and not to make use of the knowledge that accrues to him when he applies his intellect, reinforced with the means of occult research.
Let us suppose an actual case of a man who is at the stage of which we are speaking. Had he not become an occultist, he would perhaps have met the other person and not recognised him to be morally inferior,—with the result that he would have allowed himself to be taken in by him. Obviously such things can and do happen in the world, as you will all be ready to admit. One can be mistaken and take a man for better than he is, and then find oneself deceived.
The occultist has here an advantage He is able to recognise the moral inferiority of the person in question. But he has for the time being—please note the words—he has for the time being put himself under obligation not to apply this occult knowledge with his will, that is to say, not to apply it to his own standing in life. He has to know that the other is a morally inferior man and at the same time to conduct himself exactly as before; he has to put up with all the ways of the other just as though he had never acquired occult knowledge about him.
Here you have a striking illustration of the rigid self-denial a beginner in occultism has to practise. He must draw a sharp line of distinction between what he can know without occult research and what comes to him through occult research and might give him an unfair advantage in life. He who is so fortunate—being blessed either with natural talents or with particularly favourable conditions of life—as to recognise, without being an occultist, the moral inferiority of the other person, is inclined to consider the occultist a fool, because he waives any advantage that might accrue to himself from the knowledge. And this frequently happens. Other people through some good fortune or other are able to perceive what the occultist also perceives, only does not act upon, being under obligation to refrain from doing so. You will constantly find this happen,—as you will also find it happen that one or another who has made the promise fails to keep it. That is, however, his own affair! We may, if we will, consider the occultist a fool because he lets someone else get the advantage of him, but we must not let that lead us to conclude that he has no means for perceiving the character of men.
We have then this second stage: forgoing the use of the will for our own egoistic ends, we apply our understanding in the external physical world. The occult teachers of olden times allowed their pupils to remain rather long at this stage. For a considerable time the pupils had to go through the world learning to observe more deeply and with increasing penetration and insight not only their fellowmen but also the other kingdoms of nature, and yet all the time continuing to walk the path of ordinary life in exactly the same way as before. This meant they had to practise a very severe self-discipline, for they must learn never to place into the service of egoism the advantages their mind and spirit afforded them. Nor was this all; the whole experience brought them a step further in another direction as well.
When, after the intellect has spoken, the will comes behind and adds the action which is the natural sequence of what the intellect has said, then this intellect does not evolve nearly so much as when it is used by itself, completely isolated from the sphere of the will. If a man excludes himself as a being of will and egoism from a realm into which he enters by applying his intellect and understanding to the whole surrounding world, then he becomes increasingly able to detect fine differences. His understanding grows subtle and delicate. His faculty of judgment and discrimination grows steadily stronger.
The pupil has now absolved the second stage of occult development, the stage we may call the “cultivation of the will-emancipated understanding,” and is ready to go on to the next.
Having for a long time applied his understanding with all keenness and insight, the pupil must then begin to renounce even the use of this understanding. This step is a very difficult one. The pupil has to understand and judge as he did before he became an occultist. In respect of the objects of the external physical plane he must use only the power of understanding and judgment which he had previously. All that he has acquired on the occult path in the way of deeper understanding and that has brought him untold good and has meant a definite advance for his spirit,—all this he has now to shut out of his spiritual activity; he may only handle matters of quite ordinary knowledge. That which he has striven after so keenly and energetically for a long time, namely, the strengthening of his understanding, he must lay aside, he must absolutely root it out of his soul, in so far as conscious application of it is concerned, and say to himself: As I go about and fulfil my life on the physical plane, I must think and judge and discriminate as I did before my occult development, using only the degree of cleverness to which I had then attained. The pupil has, so to speak, to force himself to be again as stupid as he was before his understanding was sharpened.
What becomes of the understanding which he has now forgone? He must not now apply it. He has done so for a long time, but he may do so no more. What becomes in any case of the results of our power of judgment and understanding when we refrain from putting them to direct use? They pass over into memory. This is the next step. All the knowledge gained by the sharpening of the power of intellect has to become memory. The pupil must not advance any further in the cultivation of his intellect, he must also refrain from applying his strengthened intellect, must not desire to gain with his intellect any further knowledge about the connections of the world. That which he has already acquired by means of his strengthened understanding, he must look for in his memory; ever and again it must rise up in memory. He shall endeavour to bring it about that the knowledge he has gained becomes like the thoughts he had, say ten or twenty years ago,—thoughts he no longer thinks, but only remembers.
In occult schools such as the school of Pythagoras in olden time, and in many a Mystery school of Asia Minor, the selection of pupils was very strict. Only those were considered ripe who could be trusted to keep the vow not to let flow into their egoistic will the results of the cultivation of the intellect. They were then educated for a very long time in the cultivation of the intellect. In all possible ways they were shown first how to distinguish things and then how to combine and connect them again, and they developed a keener sense of discrimination than it is possible to attain in ordinary life. The greatest importance was attached in rightly conducted schools of ancient and medieval times to this cultivation through long periods of time of the power of judgment.
Then the pupil has to make this further, second renunciation. He has to vow to himself and to his teacher that he will cease to judge any more the things he sees on the physical plane, cease to employ in regard to them the power of judgment he has acquired with his understanding. Nor may he indulge in a critical attitude to the teachings imparted to him. All he may do is to compare what he receives from his teacher with what he has himself previously acquired through his own power of judgment. He must not make any criticism, he must be no more than a listener who compares what he now hears with what he has himself acquired with his sharpened intellect. Such is the requirement of the next stage of occult development, which may be called the “elimination of the sharpened power of the intellect and the restriction of the inner soul life to memory.” Fancy and imagination were still allowed play; these might reproduce the remembered ideas and opinions in symbols and in imaginative pictures.
Memory and fantasy—these two powers of the soul came as it were, into their own, and were able to manifest in their full effectiveness. For now they stood alone, forming as it were a pure distillate out of the rest of the soul life, instead of being perpetually influenced and counselled by the judgment of the intellect.
Therewith had the pupil taken a further step in occult development. The time he had to pass in this stage was generally spent in receiving communications, in the form of ideas, of the recognised truths of occultism in so far as these had already become a theosophy. The pupils stood there with such forces as they had already acquired by the exercise of their power of judgment, remembering what they had learned and at the same time opening themselves to the influence of what was imparted by their teachers.
It goes without saying that the length of time passed in this stage of development varied very much in the several Mystery schools, according as it was thought necessary for the general requirements of human evolution to impart more or less of occult secrets to those who were undergoing occult development in order to fit them to become leaders of mankind. For the most part, however, this stage of development took quite a considerable time.
The next task to which the occult pupil had to address himself was to summon up all his strength in an endeavour to extinguish and wipe out of consciousness even the memories and the symbolic paintings of the fancy, as well as also the ideas—be it noted!—he had acquired by his own efforts. This was in truth a task of quite peculiar difficulty, and it is, ordinarily speaking, impossible to conceive how a pupil could shoulder successfully such a task. You will be the better able to imagine that a pupil could master such a task—namely, to pour out complete forgetfulness over all that he had acquired by his own powers—when you take into consideration that such pupils had already learned to curb and restrain their wills, had already practised the severe self-discipline we have described. For when, instead of allowing the will free play, they were obliged to keep it under strict restraint, they acquired thereby great reserve forces in the will. It was literally so. For a man grows stronger and stronger in his soul, when he is in this way compelled to restrain his will outwardly and allow nothing whatever of the results of spiritual development to flow into it. It makes him so strong that he becomes at last able to take the great resolve to repress and obliterate from consciousness all that he has acquired in his occult training and has up to now been holding in remembrance. As one erases an idea that one cannot make use of in life, so has all this to be entirely erased. Such was the unconditional demand.
You are not to imagine that those who were occult pupils in this sense became blind followers of their teachers, receiving on authority all that was imparted to them. That was by no means the case. Easy believers in authority are generally also those who in a light kind of way apply at once their perfectly ordinary intelligence to pronounce judgment on what they hear. But those who have first sharpened their power of judgment and then, holding only in remembrance what they have acquired by it, have let occult instruction work upon them through the medium of memory and of fantasy, will most assuredly be no easy believers in authority, rather will they receive what occult instruction imparts in the same way as we receive what Nature tells us. Such will be the attitude of the occult pupil to the instruction that is now given to him, after he has passed through the previous stages.
The teachers themselves also took care that their words should work in the way that Nature works; there was accordingly no need to charge their pupils to have this or that opinion or thought. It was actually so that the pupils, after all they had undergone in the development of their powers of understanding and discrimination, met the words of their teachers as we meet, shall I say, a sunrise, or a wind-swept sea or some other natural phenomenon, which we observe with the desire to learn all we can about it,—not approaching it critically, for then we would never grow really acquainted with it. Those know least of all the inner power and might of a phenomenon in Nature who approach it with sympathy or antipathy. In the very same way in which one observes Nature herself did the occult pupil now observe what was given to him in occult instruction.
When the pupils have continued in this experience for a while, allowing only memory and fantasy to be active within them, applying their understanding to their external calling in life and to that alone, a time comes when they have to enter on a period of inner quiet and rest. They must forget their own powers and destroy their own attainments. For they can only attain complete inner rest of soul when even the memories and imaginations that they have acquired during their occult training are blotted out of consciousness.
The soul had to be made empty; and then, when it was empty, when the egoistic will and the egoistic understanding, and also the egoistic memory and the egoistic fancy were all driven out,—then an absolutely new world opened before the soul. There had first to be this emptying in order that the new world might be able to find entrance into the soul.
You must familiarise yourselves with the fact, that really and truly it was a new world that penetrated into the empty soul,—an altogether new world! You will, therefore, not be surprised if this world has strange qualities and characteristics. For what do we mean by strange? We call a thing strange when we find it contradicts our previous experience. Look around you in the world today and observe how often when some statement is made, people reject it right away. What reason do they give? They say: “That statement is contradictory.” What they mean is that according to the power of judgment they have so far been able to attain, they find the statement to be in contradiction to everything else they know; they then jump to the conclusion that they have scored a point over the man who has put forward the statement, just because they can point to a contradiction in it.
It is a fact that when one begins to speak quite openly of things, it always has the result that people point to contradictions and declare that what has been said must necessarily be false, because it contains a contradiction. We need to recognise that on this path we shall indeed meet with contradictions, for we are approaching something that cannot possibly have any similarity with the world that has been ours hitherto; we shall have to reconcile ourselves to complete and utter contradictions when this new world approaches us, for it can only be described in ideas which must needs appear to us as contradictory. It is inevitable that this should be so; the new world would not be a new world if it were in complete harmony with the old and never contradicted it in any way!
It should therefore not surprise us that when we come to describe the world man enters when he attains the peace of soul which follows the stage of forgetfulness, the first characteristic can only be given in words that, from the point of view of the world to which we are accustomed, are directly contradictory.
There are three things man finds when he has come to the stage we have described,—three things that can only be characterised by making use of expressions that are in themselves contradictory when regarded from the point of view of what man knows of the external world. These three things man learns to know when he really enters what we may call the super-sensible world.
The first is the unmanifest light. Look around you in the world! Can you not see light everywhere? It is of the very nature of light to reveal itself and be manifest. And yet the first thing man learns to know in the super-sensible world is the light that is unmanifest and unrevealed, the light that is dark and does not shine.
The second thing man learns to know in the super-sensible world is the unspoken word. In the ordinary world a word that is unexpressed is not a word. We have therefore again a complete contradiction in terms when we say that the second thing man learns to know in the super-sensible world is the unspoken word.
The third is the consciousness without any known object. Reflect how, when you develop a consciousness, when you know, you must have always an object of knowledge. But the consciousness we find as the third thing to be met with on entering the super-sensible world is a consciousness without object.
These then are the three things the pupil encounters when, having undergone the preparation we have described, he enters right into the realm of occultism. These are the first three actual occult things he learns to know:
The unmanifest light,
The unspoken word,
The consciousness without knowledge of an object.
It is a moment of the very greatest significance for the occult pupil when he can learn to unite a meaning with what appears to be in entire contradiction to all he has known hitherto. When he is able to unite something of his own inner experience with the three ideas of the “unmanifest light,” the “unspoken word” and the “consciousness without knowledge of an object,” then he has in that moment become an occultist; the pupil in occultism has really begun to tread the path of occult knowledge.
Zweiter Vortrag
Das erste, was notwendig ist, damit wir den Menschen nach den drei Gesichtspunkten, nach dem okkulten, dem theosophischen und dem philosophischen Gesichtspunkt betrachten können, wird sein, daß wir von dem okkulten Gesichtspunkte sprechen; und es wird sich empfehlen, heute zunächst von diesem okkulten Gesichtspunkte so zu sprechen, daß geschildert wird, wie in allem bisherigen Leben der Menschheitsentwickelung der eine oder der andere Mensch dazu gekommen ist, sich selbst bis zu diesem okkulten Gesichtspunkte, bis zur okkulten Anschauung der Welt zu erheben.
Wir haben es ja schon in dem vorbereitenden einführenden Vortrage gesagt, daß in der verflossenen Menschheitsentwickelung naturgemäß immer nur wenige es waren, welche für reif befunden worden sind, teilnehmen zu dürfen an den Vorgängen der Mysterien, an den Vorgängen der okkulten Lehr- und Erziehungsstätten, die eben den Menschen zur okkulten Anschauung hinaufführten. Von der Entwickelung dieser wenigen also wollen wir zunächst sprechen.
Es ist ja auch aus dem Geiste mancher anderer Vorträge, die von mir gehalten worden sind, klar, daß wir gerade jetzt an einem Zeitpunkte stehen, wo durch die Popularisierung des theosophischen Elementes immer mehr und mehr Menschen teilnehmen müssen an dem okkulten Leben, viel mehr als die wenigen, die im Verlaufe der vergangenen Menschheitsentwickelung daran teilgenommen haben. So geht also heute dasjenige, was wir zu betrachten haben, jeden theosophisch Interessierten an, jeden Menschen, der in unserer Zeit fühlt, daß auch das okkulte Wissen, das Wissen von den verborgenen Seiten des Daseins, in der Zukunft in einer gewissen Beziehung eben nicht mehr verborgen bleiben darf, sondern daß es, den Anforderungen der weiterentwickelten Menschheit entsprechend, immer mehr und mehr Verbreitung gewinnen muß.
Der Mensch, welcher nun zu dem okkulten Wissen kommen sollte, hatte vor allen Dingen den Blick zu richten von der äußeren Welt auf die eigenen Seelenkräfte. Da er aber in der äußeren Welt ein handelnder Mensch blieb, so war im Grunde genommen seine okkulte Entwickelung, man möchte sagen, seine eigene Sache, die Sache, die er für sich hatte. In der äußeren Welt blieb er ein Mensch unter anderen Menschen, ein Mensch mit den Pflichten, die das Leben einmal über ihn gebracht hatte. Dies kam schon in besonders starker Weise zum Ausdruck beim allerersten, das der okkult sich entwickelnde Mensch mit Bezug auf seine Seelenkraft zu tun hatte.
Das erste nämlich, was einem solchen Menschen oblag, das kann man in die Worte kleiden: Er hatte sich zu versöhnen mit seinem Karma in bezug auf alles, was seinen Willen betrifft. Also Versöhnung mit seinem Karma — seinem Schicksal, könnten wir auch sagen — war das erste, was oblag dem okkult sich entwickelnden Menschen.
Nun brauchen Sie nicht etwa zu denken, daß man zu dieser Versöhnung mit seinem Karma gleich eine ausgesprochen umfassende Theorie vom Karma braucht. Das, was man in diesem Zusammenhange «Versöhnung mit seinem Karma» nennt, ist vielmehr eine besondere Art von Kultur, von Erziehung, von Selbsterziehung der Empfindungen und Gefühle. Wenn Sie in Betracht ziehen, daß der Mensch einmal beginnt mit seiner okkulten Entwickelung, so werden Sie zugeben, daß er vor dem Zeitpunkte, in dem er mit seiner Entwickelung beginnt, nach Art der äußeren Menschen gelebt hat, so gelebt hat, wie eben der Mensch unter Menschen lebt; das heißt, er hat diese oder jene Position im Leben eingenommen, diese oder jene Gedanken zu den seinigen machen müssen, weil ihm diese Gedanken die Möglichkeiten gaben, die äußeren Handlungen, die er für seinen Beruf oder für seine sonstige Position im Leben zu erfüllen hatte, wirklich zu erfüllen. Er hat ferner gewisse Pflichten, einen Pflichtenkreis anerkannt, den ihm die Sitte oder seine Gemeinschaft gegeben hat. Von vornherein kann angenommen werden, daß ein Mensch, der nicht gerade in Einklang sich befunden hatte mit dem, was die Mitwelt von ihm verlangte, der also nicht ein pflichtgetreuer Mensch war, nicht den Drang haben wird, sich okkult zu entwickeln. In der Regel waren die Menschen, die aufgerufen werden konnten zur okkulten Entwickelung, solche, welche wirkliche Geschicklichkeiten hatten für ihre Lebensposition und welche auch geneigt waren, sich dem durch Sitte und Gesellschaftsordnung vorgeschriebenen Pflichtenkreise anzupassen. In dem aber, was im Menschen ist als seine Fähigkeiten, seine Geschicklichkeiten in seiner Lebensposition, in dem, was um den Menschen ist als der von ihm anerkannte Pflichtenkreis, liegt eigentlich das positive Karma, in das der Mensch hineingestellt worden ist. Darin drückt sich sein Karma aus.
Das erste, was man nun verlangte und auferlegte dem, der gewissermaßen heraustreten sollte aus dieser bloßen Lebensposition und eintreten in die Erforschung der geistigen Welt, war, daß er dieses sein Lebenskarma in einer gewissen Weise aufrechterhielt, das heißt, sich selbst und denen, welche ihm die Hand boten, in die okkulte Welt einzudringen, das Versprechen gab, zunächst, wohlgemerkt, das, was auf dem Felde okkulter Forschung gewonnen wird, nicht in der äußeren Lebensposition zu benutzen, sondern so sollte er den Willen einrichten, daß ein Mensch, der draußen steht und beobachtet einen solchen, der okkult sich entwickelt, keinen merklichen Unterschied gewahr wird zwischen der Art, wie der okkult sich entwickelnde Mensch früher sich verhalten hat in seiner Lebensposition und wie er sich später verhält, nachdem er schon einige Schritte in der okkulten Erforschung gemacht hat.
Also nicht eingreifen mit dem, was einem die okkulte Erforschung an die Hand gibt, in das äußere Leben des physischen Planes: das ist Versöhnung mit seinem Karma, das ist die Resignation darauf, Vorteile zu erzielen in der äußeren Lebensposition durch okkulte Mittel.
Wir werden schon sehen, daß ein gewisser Fortschritt in der äußeren Lebensposition dennoch auf einem regulären, auf einem richtigen Wege eintritt. Aber darum handelt es sich bei dem nicht, was als eine bewußte Verpflichtung derjenige zu übernehmen hatte, der zum okkulten Wege zugelassen wurde. «Du sollst nicht deine okkulte Entwickelung dazu benutzen, einen Vorsprung zu erringen über deine Mitstrebenden im Leben draußen, sondern du sollst dich im Leben draußen nach denselben Regeln richten, nach denen du dich bisher gerichtet hast», das wurde immer und immer wieder denen eingeprägt, die eine okkulte Entwickelung durchmachten. Damit war schon der erste Verzicht geleistet, den der okkult sich Entwickelnde zu leisten hatte, denn damit hatte er gleich von vornherein aufgegeben, die Mittel des okkulten Lebens im egoistischen Sinne zur Anwendung zu bringen.
Das, was jetzt gesagt worden ist, müssen Sie ganz genau und wörtlich verstehen, man möchte sagen, nichts davon wegnehmen und nichts hinzufügen. Dann werden Sie bemerken, daß es sich bezieht auf dasjenige, was der Betreffende durch das ihm auferlegte Karma zunächst in der äußeren Welt zu leisten in der Lage ist oder wozu er verpflichtet ist.
Damit aber ist von vornherein von allem okkulten Streben der egoistische Wille des Menschen ausgeschlossen. Man hat ihn ganz bewußt ausgeschlossen. Dies allein schon, als ein vorliegendes Faktum, bewirkt eine Änderung in der Gemütsstimmung des Menschen. Denn bedenken Sie, um das einzusehen, nur das Folgende. Bisher war für den Menschen, der in die okkulte Entwickelung eintritt, der äußere Pflichtenkreis, die äußere Position im Leben gewissermaßen das einzige, dem er sich widmete, die einzige Welt, in der er lebte. Jetzt verpflichtet er sich, in dieser Welt zunächst nach denselben Regeln zu leben, nach denen er bisher gelebt hatte, und doch noch Kräfte zu ersparen für etwas anderes.
Damit ist von vornherein für ihn eine Grenze gezogen zwischen zwei Kräftegebieten, auf denen er tätig ist. Es eröffnet sich für ihn eine Welt, um die er sich bisher gar nicht gekümmert hat, an der er bisher gar kein Interesse hatte. Das ist außerordentlich wichtig. Denn für jeden Menschen beginnt ein neuer Lebenskreis, ein neuer Lebensabschnitt, wenn in sein Leben neue Interessen eintreten, Interessen, die ihr eigenes Feld behaupten wollen.
So also war es von vornherein gegeben, daß das Gemüt, daß die ganze Empfindungswelt, daß der Interessenkreis des Menschen in Anspruch genommen wurde für eine neue Welt, für eine Welt, in der der Mensch bisher nicht gestanden hatte. Einen äußeren Ausdruck findet diese Tatsache, von der ich Ihnen eben erzählt habe, darin, daß insbesondere die älteren Mysterien und Geheimschulen, die Lehrstätten okkulter Entwickelung, sehr streng darauf hielten, den Menschen sozusagen in keine Kollision, in keine Disharmonie zu bringen mit seinem äußeren Interessenkreise. Daher verlangten sie strenge von ihm, daß er in bezug auf alles das, was ihm auferlegte sein Beruf, was ihm auferlegte der Pflichtenkreis des Staates oder anderer Gemeinschaften, in denen er stand, im weitesten Umkreise seine Pflicht erfüllte, und Menschen, welche irgendwie zeigten, daß sie das nicht tun wollten, daß sie sich auflehnten gegenüber den äußeren Pflichtenkreisen, wurden gar nicht in die okkulten Lehrstätten aufgenommen.
Ich erzähle Ihnen damit einfach Tatsachen der bisherigen okkulten Entwickelung. Deshalb werden Sie finden, daß Menschen, welche in einer gewissen Beziehung schon im äufßerlichen Leben so auftraten, daß sie sich nach der einen oder anderen Richtung auflehnten gegen die Ordnung, innerhalb welcher sie lebten, nicht Glieder irgendeiner Mysterienschule oder einer okkulten Lehrstätte waren.
Das zweite, um das es sich handelte, war etwas noch weitaus Schwierigeres. Nehmen wir einmal den Menschen, wie er war, wenn er das Versprechen, von dem eben gesprochen worden ist, sozusagen sich und seinem Lehrer gegeben hatte. Dann mußte er sich sagen: In meinen Willen, wie dieser Wille auftritt auf dem physischen Plane, will ich nicht einfließen lassen dasjenige, was mir als okkultes Forschungsresultat zukommen wird. — Aber mit allem anderen, was ihm zukam als Mensch, das heißt mit seinen sämtlichen Seelenkräften, die er anwenden konnte, wie er sie früher angewandt hatte, mit Ausnahme des Willens, konnte er auch jetzt auf dem physischen Plan tätig sein. Der Wille war ihm dadurch gebunden, daß er das charakterisierte Versprechen gegeben hatte, aber alles übrige, was ihm auf dem physischen Plane zur Verfügung stand, das heißt seine Urteilskraft, seine Phantasie, sein Gedächtnis, seine Gemütsbewegungen und so weiter, mit denen er früher auf dem physischen Plane tätig war, konnte er auch jetzt noch anwenden; mit ihnen konnte er auch jetzt noch auf dem physischen Plane tätig sein.
Nehmen wir einmal den Verstand. Der Verstand ist das Vermögen der Seele, die Kraft der Seele, die uns befähigt, zu unterscheiden, die uns befähigt, Urteile zu gewinnen über die Tatsachen des Lebens. Ohne diesen Verstand kommen wir im äußeren Leben auf dem physischen Plane nicht aus. Wir müssen sozusagen auf Schritt und Tritt diesen unseren Verstand anwenden. Nun gewann man - so wollen wir annehmen —, wenn man ein Mitglied einer okkulten Gesellschaft, einer okkulten Schule wurde, okkulte Forschungsresultate, Erkenntnisse in dem, was man tat in der äußeren Lebensposition. Durch seinen Willen durfte man sie nicht anwenden. Aber zunächst hinderte einen nichts — wenn man sich nur zurückhielt in bezug auf seinen Willen —, seinen Verstand so zu gebrauchen, daß man die Dinge draußen und die Menschen, die einem auf dem physischen Plan entgegentraten, mit all den höheren Mitteln, die man jetzt aus der okkulten Forschung heraus hatte, verständig beobachtete. Man konnte also zwar nicht in sein Handeln, in seine Willensentschließungen die okkulten Forschungsresultate einfließen lassen; aber wie man als Geheimschüler beurteilt die Wesen des Mineralreiches, des Pflanzenreiches, des Tierreiches, wie man andere Menschen beurteilt, wie man mit seinem Verstande sich verhält in der gewöhnlichen Welt, das konnte man zunächst von der okkulten Forschung beeinflussen lassen.
Sie merken, daß damit notwendigerweise verbunden ist eine starke Selbstzucht des Charakters des Okkultisten. Denn was ist näherliegend für einen Menschen, der im Leben namentlich anderen Menschen gegenübertritt und handeln soll, als daß er so handelt in bezug auf seine Lebensposition, daß er das, was er weiß, zur Anwendung bringt; daß er sich zum Beispiel danach richtet, wenn er mit seinem Verstande durchschaut, daß er es zu tun hat mit einem sittlich minderwertigen Menschen. Das ist doch das Selbstverständlichste und Natürlichste, was wir da in der Welt tun werden.
Der Okkultist ist nicht in der Lage, das zu tun. Er kann zwar mit den Mitteln, welche die okkulte Forschung ihm gibt, seinen Verstand beflügeln und besser, als er es früher gekonnt hatte, hineinschauen in den Charakter eines Mitmenschen und wissen, daß er ein sittlich minderwertiger Mensch ist; er kann auch das, was er diesem Menschen tut, danach einrichten, denn in bezug auf diesen Menschen hat er sich nicht verpflichtet, sondern nur in bezug auf seine eigene Lebensposition; er hat sich nicht verpflichtet, seinen Willen nicht anzuwenden in bezug auf das, was er für den anderen Menschen tut. Aber für das, was er für sich selber tut, hat er sich verpflichtet, mit seinem Karma ausgesöhnt zu sein und nicht anzuwenden seine Erkenntnisse, die sich ihm bieten, wenn er seinen Verstand anwendet, unterstützt von den Mitteln der okkulten Forschung.
Nehmen wir den konkreten Fall, irgend jemand habe auf dem okkulten Gebiete die Stufe errungen, von der ich jetzt spreche. Wenn er nicht Okkultist geworden wäre, würde er vielleicht einem anderen Menschen entgegentreten und würde nicht erkennen, daß er ein sittlich minderwertiger Mensch ist. Die Folge davon wäre, daß er sich von diesem Menschen in irgendeiner Weise übervorteilen läßt. Es ist selbstverständlich, daß das passieren kann. Sie werden zugeben, daß so etwas schon in der Welt passiert ist, daß man sich in der Welt insofern täuschte, daß man einen Menschen für besser hielt, als er in Wahrheit war, und, wie man auf Deutsch sagt, hineinfiel, das heißt, sich von ihm betrügen ließ.
Als Okkultist hat man etwas voraus. Man erkennt die Minderwertigkeit dieses Menschen, aber man hat sich zunächst — ich bitte das Wort «zunächst» richtig aufzufassen, das heißt zu hören - dazu verpflichtet, diese okkulten Erkenntnisse nicht auf den Willen, das heißt auf seine eigene Lebensposition anzuwenden. Man kann wissen: Das ist ein minderwertiger Mensch; muß sich aber so verhalten, wie man sich früher verhalten hätte. Man muß sich gesellschaftlich das von ihm gefallen lassen, was man sich von ihm hätte gefallen lassen müssen, wenn man nicht mit seinem Verstande die okkulten Erkenntnisse bekommen hätte.
Hier sehen Sie scharf und klar markiert, welche Resignation der angehende Okkultist zu üben hat; wie er scharf trennen muß das, was er erkennen kann ohne okkulte Forschung, und das, was ihm im Leben durch die okkulte Forschung einen Vorteil verschaffen könnte. Derjenige, der schon durch seine natürlichen Gaben oder durch besondere Lebensumstände so glücklich ist, von der Minderwertigkeit des anderen zu wissen, ohne Okkultist zu sein, der wird immer geneigt sein, den angehenden Okkultisten, weil er sich der Vorteile begibt in bezug auf sich selbst, für einen Dummkopf zu halten. Das ist durchaus die Regel, daß gewisse Leute entweder durch günstige Umstände des Lebens oder sonstwie das durchschauen, was der Okkultist auch durchschaut, wonach er sich aber nicht richtet, weil er verpflichtet ist, sich nicht danach zu richten. Das wird immer vorkommen, wie auch das andere vorkommen kann, daß der eine oder der andere, der das Versprechen gegeben hat, nicht das Versprechen hält; das ist aber seine Angelegenheit. Man kann den angehenden Okkultisten für einen Dummkopf halten, weil er sich von einem Menschen übervorteilen läßt. Das darf uns aber durchaus nicht zu der Voraussetzung verleiten, daß er keine Mittel hat, die Menschen zu durchschauen.
So also ist gewissermaßen eine zweite Stufe diese, daß wir, unter Verzicht der Anwendung des Willens für unseren Egoismus, unseren Verstand anwenden in der äußeren physischen Welt. In dem Stadium, das eben jetzt geschildert worden ist, haben die alten okkultistischen Lehrer die Schüler eigentlich ziemlich lange gelassen. Lange mußten die Schüler so durch die Welt gehen, daß sie mit ihrem Verstande nicht nur die anderen Menschen, sondern auch die anderen Reiche der Natur lernten in einem tieferen Sinne zu beobachten als vorher, daß sie tiefer eindringen konnten und daß sie dennoch genau denselben Lebensgang weitergingen, den sie vorher gegangen waren. Dadurch wurde nicht bloß eine starke Selbstzucht erreicht, nicht bloß das erreicht, daß der Mensch lernte die Vorteile, die ihm sein Geist bot, nicht in den Dienst des Egoismus zu stellen, sondern es war für diese Menschen dadurch noch ein ganz anderer Fortschritt zu erreichen.
Wenn nämlich sogleich, nachdem der Verstand gesprochen hat, der Wille hinterherkommt und sozusagen anschließt die Handlungen, welche der Verstand einleitet, dann geht die Entwickelung dieses Verstandes, die Kraft dieses Verstandes viel weniger weit, als wenn dieser Verstand abgesondert für sich, gleichsam chemisch herausdestilliert aus der Anwendung der Willenssphäre, eine Zeitlang angewendet wird. Wenn der Mensch wesentlich sich selber als egoistisches Wesen ausschließt von einem Gebiete, in das er eintritt dadurch, daß er seinen Verstand, wie es eben charakterisiert worden ist, anwendet auf die ganze ihn umgebende Welt, aber mit Verzicht auf die Betätigung des Willens, so werden ihm dadurch feine Unterschiede geboten. Der Verstand wird subtil gemacht. Das Urteilsvermögen und das Unterscheidungsvermögen nehmen immer mehr und mehr an Kraft zu, wenn wir in dieser Weise fortschreiten, und wir haben auf diese Weise dann die zweite Stufe der okkulten Entwickelung absolviert, nämlich das, was man nennen könnte die Pflege des vom Willen emanzipierten Verstandes; und wenn man ganz genau sprechen wollte, so könnte man sagen: die Pflege des vom egoistischen Willen emanzipierten Verstandes.
Der nächste Schritt war aber dann, daß der Mensch nun, weil er durch eine längere Zeit hindurch seinen Verstand in der allerschärfsten Weise angewendet hatte, gerade in bezug auf dieses Gebiet beginnen mußte, darauf zu verzichten, seinen Verstand anzuwenden. Sie sehen, jetzt kommt eine noch schwierigere Sache; jetzt muß der Mensch gewissermaßen es übernehmen, so zu urteilen, wie er früher immer geurteilt hat, bevor er Okkultist geworden ist. Er muß in bezug auf die Dinge des äußeren physischen Planes nur diejenige Kraft seines Urteils und Verstandes anwenden, die er früher angewendet hat. Das, was er jetzt gewonnen hat für seinen Verstand, was er sich jetzt erobert hat und was wie ein ungeheurer Vorteil und Fortschritt des Geistes dasteht, muß der Mensch ausschließen von seiner geistigen Tätigkeit, das heißt, er darf nur ganz wissenschaftlich vorgehen. Das, was er durch eine lange Zeit mit aller Energie und Schärfe angestrebt hat, nämlich seinen Verstand zu größeren Kräften zu bringen, muß er wieder ablegen, muß er ganz und gar aus seiner Seele herausreißen, insofern es bewußte Verstandesanwendung ist, und muß sich sagen: Indem du deine Handlungen, deine Positionen durchgehst auf dem physischen Plane, mußt du denken und unterscheiden, so wie du vor deiner okkulten Entwickelung gedacht, unterschieden und dich benommen hast, nach deinem damaligen Grade von Gescheitheit. — Das heißt, der Mensch muß sich zurückschieben, muß gewissermaßen so töricht sein, wie er war vor der Schärfung seines Verstandes.
Und was muß jetzt aus diesem Verstande werden, auf den er verzichtet hat? Anwenden darf er nicht mehr diesen Verstand; er hat ihn angewendet für längere Zeit, er darf ihn aber nicht länger anwenden. Was geschieht nun mit den Ergebnissen des Verstandes, der Urteilskraft, wenn wir absehen von deren unmittelbarer Anwendung?
Dann gehen sie in unser Gedächtnis, in unsere Erinnerung über. Dies ist der nächste Schritt, nämlich: Alles das, was der Mensch an Wissen gelernt hat durch seine schärfere Verstandeskraft, das muß für ihn Erinnerung werden. Er darf nicht mehr weiterschreiten in der Kultur, in der Fortbildung seines Verstandes, er muß verzichten darauf, seinen stärkeren Verstand irgendwie anzuwenden, noch dieses oder jenes durch seinen schärferen Verstand wissen zu wollen über die Zusammenhänge der Welt; und lediglich das, was er schon durch diesen schärferen Verstand sich erworben hat, muß er immer wieder und wieder aufsuchen in seiner Erinnerung, das muß immer wieder und wieder in seiner Erinnerung auftreten. Er muß immer mehr und mehr danach streben, daß das, was er sich da erobert hat für seinen Verstand, für ihn so etwas wird, wie es die Dinge sind, die er sich vielleicht im Leben vor zehn oder zwanzig Jahren ausgedacht hat, die er also nicht jetzt denkt, sondern an die er sich bloß erinnert.
Sehen Sie, in solchen okkulten Schulen, wie zum Beispiel im Altertum die pythagoreische oder wie es auch manche vorderasiatische Geheimschule war, da wurden zunächst die Schüler so ausgewählt, daß nur diejenigen für reif befunden wurden, welchen man zutraute, das Gelöbnis zu halten: nicht einfließen zu lassen in ihren egoistischen Willen die Mittel der Verstandeskultur, die sie erreichen sollten. Dann wurden diese Schüler lange, lange in der Art erzogen, daß sie eben auf alle mögliche Weise darauf hingewiesen wurden, die Dinge schärfer zu unterscheiden, und dann wieder zusammenfügen zu lernen mit der Urteilskraft, wie das im gewöhnlichen äußeren Leben möglich ist. Auf die Pflege dieser Urteilskraft wurde durch lange Zeit hindurch das größte Gewicht gelegt in den zu Recht bestehenden Schulen des Altertums und auch des Mittelalters.
Dann mußte der Schüler sozusagen ein zweites Gelöbnis ablegen. Dieses zweite Versprechen, das sich die Schüler selbst und ihrem Lehrer ablegten, war: daß sie aufhörten, die Dinge, die sie draußen auf dem physischen Plane sahen, weiter zu beurteilen mit den Urteilen, die sie mit dem Verstande gewonnen hatten. Aber auch zu den Lehren, die ihnen ihr Lehrer vortrug, durften sie sich nicht kritisch verhalten. Nur vergleichen durften sie das, was ihr Lehrer vortrug, mit dem, was sie sich durch die Urteilskraft früher schon erworben hatten. Nicht Kritik durften sie üben, sondern solche Zuhörer mußten sie werden, die immer nur verglichen das, was sie jetzt hörten, mit dem, was sie früher schon durch ihre schärfere Verstandeskraft gewonnen hatten. Das gehörte wiederum zur nächsten Stufe der okkulten Entwickelung, und man könnte es nennen die Ausschließung der schärferen Verstandeskräfte und die Beschränkung des inneren Seelenlebens, soweit man selber in Betracht kam, auf das Gedächtnis und auf die Erinnerung. Nur das durfte noch ausgeführt werden, was die Phantasie in Symbolen und Sinnbildern hervorbringen konnte aus diesen erinnerten Urteilen, Begriffen und Ideen.
Also Gedächtnis und Phantasie waren diejenigen Seelenkräfte, die jetzt sozusagen in ihre Rechte traten, die jetzt auf dieser höheren Stufe besonders in Wirksamkeit treten sollten. Damit sie sich gleichsam wieder durch sich selber reinlich herausdestillierten aus dem übrigen Seelenleben und nicht fortwährend beraten seien durch die Urteile des Verstandes, sollten sie sich allein geltend machen.
Damit hatte der Schüler dann eine weitere Stufe seiner okkulten Entwickelung beschritten. Die Zeit, welche man den Schüler durchmachen ließ, um diese Stufe zu durchschreiten, die wurde zumeist damit ausgefüllt, daß die bereits als Lehren bekannten und zur Theosophie gemachten okkulten Erkenntnisse ideengemäß den Schülern vorgebracht wurden; daß sozusagen die Schüler da waren mit dem, was sie früher an Kräften gewonnen hatten durch ihre Urteilskraft, sich an sie immer erinnerten und gewissermaßen sich entgegenkommen, in sich wirken ließen, was ihnen vorgebracht wurde von ihren Lehrern.
Es ist selbstverständlich, daß der Zeitraum, in dem die Schüler diese Entwickelung durchmachten, bei den einzelnen verschiedenen Mysterien sehr verschieden war, je nachdem man es nach den allgemeinen Bedürfnissen der Menschheitsentwickelung für notwendig hielt, mehr oder weniger von den okkulten Geheimnissen denjenigen zu übergeben, die man auf diese Weise okkult ausbilden wollte, um sie dann zu Führern der Menschheit in entsprechender Weise machen zu können. In den okkulten Schulen dauerte der Zeitraum, in dem das durchgemacht wurde, meist ziemlich lange.
Das nächste, zu dem sich der okkulte Schüler hinzuwenden hatte, war, daß er nun mit aller Kraft, die ihm zur Verfügung stand, danach zu streben hatte, auch die Erinnerungen und die Ausmalung in der Phantasie zu Symbolen oder dergleichen, sowie die, wohlgemerkt, durch das eigene Selbst angeeigneten Begriffe auszulöschen, also aus dem Bewußtsein zu streichen. Das war in der Tat eine außerordentlich schwierige Aufgabe, und man kann sich in der Regel gar nicht vorstellen, daß ein Schüler diese schwierige Aufgabe hat bewältigen können. Daß die Schüler dennoch diese Aufgabe haben bewältigen können: nämlich völliges Vergessen auszubreiten über alles, was sie sich durch ihre eigene Kraft angeeignet hatten, davon können Sie sich eine Vorstellung verschaffen, wenn Sie in Erwägung ziehen, daß solche Schüler in bezug auf die äußeren Handlungen gelernt hatten, ihren Willen zu bezähmen und eine so starke Selbstzucht sich errungen hatten, daß sie immer nur sich so verhalten haben, wie es vorher geschildert wurde.
Dadurch, daß man den Willen, den man sonst nach außen frei hat, sich nicht ausleben ließ, sondern in so starker Weise gezwungen war, ihn zu bezähmen, dadurch bekam man starke Reservekräfte des Willens im Inneren. Das war durchaus so. Man wird immer stärker und stärker in seinem Inneren, wenn man gezwungen ist, den Willen äußerlich so zu bezähmen, daß man gar nichts von den Vorteilen, die einem die geistige Entwickelung geboten hat, in den egoistischen Willen einfließen läßt. Dadurch wird man immer stärker, und man gelangt gerade dadurch zu jenem starken Willensentschlusse, den man braucht, um das, was man sich angeeignet hat innerhalb der okkulten Schulung und woran man sich früher erinnert hat, nun zu unterdrücken, auszustreichen. So wie man eine Vorstellung ausstreicht, die man nicht gebrauchen kann für das Leben, so soll das, wovon eben die Rede war, ausgestrichen werden. Das war eine unbedingte Forderung.
Glauben Sie nun nicht, daß diejenigen, welche auf solche Weise okkulte Schüler waren, etwa blinde, autoritätsgläubige Menschen gegenüber ihren Lehrern wurden. Das war durchaus nicht der Fall. Autoritätsgläubig sind diejenigen, die ihren ganz gewöhnlichen Verstand in leicht geschürzter Weise immer anwenden, um das, was sie hören, zu beurteilen. Diejenigen Menschen aber, die erst ihre Urteilskraft geschärft haben, werden das, was sie durch diese geschärfte Urteilskraft sich erworben haben, immer nur in der Erinnerung haben. Diejenigen, welche vermittels ihres Gedächtnisses und ihrer ganzen Phantasie auf sich wirken ließen den okkulten Unterricht, wurden ganz gewiß nicht autoritätsgläubig, sondern nahmen das, was der okkulte Unterricht ihnen bot, so hin, wie man die Natur selber hinnimmt. So nahmen die okkulten Schüler überhaupt den okkulten Unterricht hin, wenn sie die entsprechenden vorhergehenden Stufen durchgemacht hatten. Ja, die Lehrer selbst sorgten dafür, daß ihre Worte wie die Natur selber auf ihre Schüler wirkten, daß sie nicht den Schülern zu befehlen brauchten, diese oder jene Meinung zu haben. Es war so, daß die Schüler durch das, was sie vorher durchgemacht hatten an Unterscheidungskraft und an Verstandesentwickelung, bei der nächsten Stufe, bei der Erinnerung, so weit waren, daß sie den Worten gegenüberstanden, wie man gegenübersteht einem Sonnenaufgang, wie man gegenübersteht einem vom Winde gepeitschten Meere, wie man gegenübersteht irgendeinem anderen Naturphänomen, das man beobachtet, um es kennenzulernen, dem man aber nicht kritisch gegenübertritt; denn dann lernt man es nicht kennen.
Diejenigen lernen am wenigsten kennen die innere Gewalt eines Naturphänomens, die ihm nur so gegenüberstehen, daß sie ihm ihre Sympathie oder Antipathie zuwenden. So wie man die Natur selber beobachtet, so beobachtete der okkulte Schüler das, was ihm der okkulte Unterricht darbot.
Dann aber, wenn sie das eine Zeitlang in der geschilderten Weise eingehalten hatten, so daß nur Erinnerung, Phantasie, Gedächtnis in Wirksamkeit waren und daß die Schüler den Verstand nur wendeten auf ihren äußeren Beruf im Leben, dann mußten sie in die Periode der inneren Seelenruhe, des Vergessens ihrer eigenen Kräfte eintreten und ihre eigenen Errungenschaften ertöten. Dann erst war für sie der Zeitpunkt herangekommen, wo sie vollständige innere Seelenruhe haben konnten, wo getilgt waren aus dem Bewußtsein selbst die während des bisherigen okkulten Lebens durch die eigenen Kräfte erlangten Erinnerungsvorstellungen und Phantasievorstellungen.
Leer gemacht wurde in gewisser Beziehung die Seele, und dadurch, daß sie leer gemacht wurde, daß aus dieser Seele heraus war der egoistische Wille, der egoistische Verstand, das egoistische Gedächtnis, die egoistische Phantasie, war sie geöffnet gegenüber einer wirklich neuen Welt. Das war notwendig, damit diese neue Welt wirklich in die Seele hineindringen konnte.
Nun müssen Sie sich bekanntmachen mit der Tatsache, daß in der Tat eine neue Welt hineindrang in die von ihrer egoistischen Seelenkraft leere Seele. Eine neue Welt. Nicht wundern müssen Sie sich deshalb, wenn die Charakteristik dieser neuen Welt sonderbar ist. Denn was ist sonderbar? Sonderbar ist dasjenige, was ein Mensch so erlebt, daß es seinen bisherigen Erlebnissen widerspricht. Warum lehnen denn die Menschen dieses oder jenes ab? Schauen Sie sich um in der Welt, wo irgend etwas besprochen wird; da lehnt man es ab, man sagt: In dem, was da behauptet wird, ist ein Widerspruch. — Das heißt, man findet es - nach dem, was man bisher hat beurteilen können — widersprechend allem, was man kennt, was man weiß; und man glaubt sofort, gegenüber dem anderen Menschen, der irgend etwas in der Weise vorbringt, einen Vorsprung zu haben und im Rechte zu sein, wenn man ihm einen Widerspruch nachweisen kann.
Eigentlich besteht die öffentliche Besprechung der Dinge durchaus darin, daß man Widersprüche nachweist, daß man da oder dort sagt: Das muß falsch sein, darinnen liegt ja ein Widerspruch. — Damit sind die meisten Dinge widerlegt. Diese Tatsache, daß wir Widersprüchen begegnen, weil wir an etwas herantreten, was gar nichts Gleiches haben kann mit unserer bisherigen Welt, mit dem, was wir bisher erfahren haben, müssen wir ins Auge fassen. Wir müssen erkennen, daß wir tatsächlich uns zu versöhnen haben mit lauter Widersprüchen, wenn die neue Welt an uns herantritt, die in solchen Begriffen charakterisiert wird, daß wir sagen können: Ja, das sind ja lauter Widersprüche. Daß uns die neue Welt charakterisiert wird in Widersprüchen, muß ja so sein, denn die neue Welt wäre ja eben keine neue Welt, wenn sie übereinstimmte mit der alten und keine Widersprüche aufwiese.
So werden Sie sich nicht zu verwundern haben, wenn die erste Charakteristik der Welt, die der Mensch betritt, wenn er die nach der Stufe des Vergessens kommende Seelenruhe erreicht, nur gegeben werden kann mit Worten, die gegenüber der gewöhnlichen Welt, in der wir leben, widersprechend sind.
Drei Dinge sind es, die der Mensch erfährt, wenn er es so weit gebracht hat, wie es geschildert worden ist. Drei Dinge, die wir nur charakterisieren können, indem wir Worte anwenden, die schon an sich widersprechend sind gegenüber alledem, was der Mensch von der äußeren Welt weiß. Drei Dinge lernt der Mensch kennen, wenn er wirklich eintritt in das, was man eine übersinnliche Welt nennen kann.
Das erste, was er kennenlernt, ist das ungeoffenbarte Licht. Sehen Sie sich um, ob Sie in der Welt nicht überall sehen können das Licht. Das ist das Wesen des Lichtes, daß es sich offenbart. Das erste aber, was der Mensch kennenlernt in der übersinnlichen Welt, das ist das ungeoffenbarte Licht, das finstere Licht, das Licht, das nicht leuchtet.
Das zweite, was der Mensch kennenlernt in der übersinnlichen Welt, ist das unaussprechliche Wort. Ein Wort in der gewöhnlichen Welt ist nicht da, wenn es nicht ausgesprochen wird. Ein Wort, das nicht ausgesprochen ist, ist kein Wort. Einen völligen Widerspruch haben wir, wenn wir sagen: Das zweite, was man kennenlernt in der übersinnlichen Welt, ist das unaussprechliche Wort.
Und das dritte ist das Bewußtsein ohne einen gewußten Gegenstand. Erinnern Sie sich nur, daß Sie, wenn Sie ein Bewußtsein entwickeln, wenn Sie das oder jenes wissen, ein Objekt, einen Gegenstand des Wissens haben. Das Bewußtsein aber, das uns als das dritte entgegentritt, wenn wir eintreten in die übersinnliche Welt, ist das Bewußtsein ohne Objekt, das Bewußtsein ohne einen Gegenstand.
Diese drei Dinge, die nur mit widerspruchsvollen Worten charakterisiert werden können, sind es, denen der Schüler begegnet, wenn er durch die Vorbereitung, die wir geschildert haben, in das eigentliche Gebiet des Okkultismus eintritt. Denn das sind gewissermaßen die drei ersten wirklich okkulten Dinge, die wir kennenlernen:
erstens das ungeoffenbarte Licht,
zweitens das unaussprechliche Wort,
drittens das Bewußtsein ohne Wissen von einem Gegenstand.
Das ist dann das bedeutungsvollste Ereignis, das zunächst eintreten kann für den angehenden Okkultisten: verbinden zu lernen etwas mit dem, was ihm nur als ein Widerspruch erscheint gegenüber alledem, was er bisher erfahren hat. In dem Augenblicke, wo der Mensch verbinden kann irgend etwas von seinem inneren Erleben mit den drei Ideen des ungeoffenbarten Lichtes, des unaussprechlichen Wortes und des Bewußtseins ohne das Wissen von einem Gegenstand, ist er wirklicher Okkultist geworden. Der angehende Okkultist hat dann den Pfad der okkulten Erkenntnis wirklich betreten.
Second Lecture
The first thing that is necessary in order for us to be able to view human beings from the three perspectives—the occult, theosophical, and philosophical—is that we speak from the occult perspective; and it would be advisable today to begin by speaking of this occult point of view in such a way as to describe how, in all the life of human evolution up to now, one or another human being has come to raise himself to this occult point of view, to the occult view of the world.
We have already said in the preparatory introductory lecture that in the past development of humanity, it was naturally always only a few who were found ripe to participate in the processes of the mysteries, in the processes of the occult teaching and educational institutions that led human beings up to the occult view. Let us therefore speak first of the development of these few.
It is also clear from many other lectures I have given that we are now at a point in time when, through the popularization of theosophy, more and more people must participate in occult life, many more than the few who have participated in the course of past human development. Thus, what we have to consider today concerns every person interested in theosophy, every person who feels in our time that occult knowledge, knowledge of the hidden sides of existence, must in the future, in a certain sense, no longer remain hidden, but must, in accordance with the demands of a more highly developed humanity, become more and more widespread.The person who was now to come to occult knowledge had, above all, to turn his gaze from the outer world to his own soul forces. But since he remained an active human being in the outer world, his occult development was, in essence, his own business, the thing he had for himself. In the outer world, he remained a human being among other human beings, a human being with the duties that life had imposed on him. This was already expressed in a particularly strong way in the very first thing that the occultally developing human being had to do with regard to his soul force.
The first thing that such a human being had to do can be expressed in the following words: He had to reconcile himself with his karma in relation to everything that concerned his will. So reconciliation with his karma — his destiny, we might also say — was the first thing that was incumbent upon the occultly developing human being.
Now, you need not think that this reconciliation with one's karma requires a comprehensive theory of karma. What is called “reconciliation with one's karma” in this context is rather a special kind of culture, of education, of self-education of the feelings and emotions. If you consider that human beings begin their occult development at some point, you will admit that before they begin their development, they have lived like ordinary human beings, has lived as human beings live among human beings; that is, they have taken this or that position in life, have had to make these or those thoughts their own, because these thoughts gave them the opportunity to truly fulfill the external actions they had to perform for their profession or for their other position in life. He has also recognized certain duties, a set of obligations, which custom or his community has given him. It can be assumed from the outset that a person who has not been in harmony with what his fellow men demanded of him, who was therefore not a dutiful person, will not have the urge to develop occult abilities. As a rule, the people who could be called to occult development were those who had real skills for their position in life and who were also inclined to adapt to the circle of duties prescribed by custom and social order. But what lies within the human being as his abilities, his skills in his position in life, in what surrounds the human being as the circle of duties he recognizes, is actually the positive karma into which the human being has been placed. This is where his karma is expressed.
The first thing that was now demanded and imposed on those who were to step out of this mere position in life and enter into the exploration of the spiritual world was that they maintain their life karma in a certain way, that is, that they promise themselves and those who offered them a helping hand into the occult world first of all, mind you, not to use what is gained in the field of occult research in their outer life, but to set their will so that a person standing outside and observing someone who is developing occult abilities would not notice any noticeable difference between the way the occultly developing person behaved earlier in their life and how they behave later, after he has already taken a few steps in occult research.
So, do not interfere with what occult research provides you with in the outer life of the physical plane: that is reconciliation with your karma, that is resignation to gaining advantages in your outer life through occult means.
We will see that a certain progress in the outer life nevertheless occurs in a regular, correct way. But that is not what is meant by the conscious obligation of those who have been admitted to the occult path. “You shall not use your occult development to gain an advantage over your fellow strivers in the outer life, but you shall live your outer life according to the same rules you have followed up to now.” This was impressed again and again upon those who underwent occult development. This was the first sacrifice that those undergoing occult development had to make, for in doing so they gave up from the outset the use of the means of occult life for selfish purposes.
You must understand what has just been said very precisely and literally, one might say, without taking anything away and without adding anything. Then you will notice that it refers to what the person concerned is initially able to accomplish in the outer world through the karma imposed on him, or to what he is obliged to do.
But this excludes from the outset all occult striving of the egoistic will of the human being. It has been deliberately excluded. This alone, as a fact, brings about a change in the mood of the human being. For consider, in order to understand this, only the following. Until now, for the person entering into occult development, the outer circle of duties, the outer position in life, was, in a sense, the only thing to which he devoted himself, the only world in which he lived. Now he commits himself to living in this world according to the same rules he has lived by until now, and yet to save energy for something else.
This draws a line between the two spheres of influence in which they are active. A world opens up for them that they have not cared about before, that they have not been interested in. This is extremely important. For every human being, a new circle of life, a new phase of life, begins when new interests enter their life, interests that want to claim their own field.
So it was given from the outset that the mind, the whole world of feelings, the sphere of interests of the human being was claimed for a new world, for a world in which the human being had not previously existed. This fact, which I have just told you about, finds its external expression in the fact that the older mysteries and secret schools, the centers of occult development, were very strict in ensuring that people did not come into conflict or disharmony with their external sphere of interests. They therefore demanded strictly that they fulfill their duty in the widest sense in relation to everything what was imposed on them by their profession, by the duties of the state or other communities in which they lived, and people who showed in any way that they did not want to do this, that they rebelled against their external duties, were not admitted to the occult schools at all.
I am simply telling you facts about the occult development up to now. That is why you will find that people who, in a certain sense, already behaved in their outer lives in such a way that they rebelled in one way or another against the order in which they lived, were not members of any mystery school or occult teaching center.
The second thing that was involved was something even more difficult. Let us take the human being as he was when he made the promise just mentioned to himself and his teacher, so to speak. Then he had to say to himself: In my will, as this will appears on the physical plane, I will not allow what will come to me as the result of occult research to flow in. — But with everything else that came to him as a human being, that is, with all the soul forces he could use, as he had used them before, with the exception of the will, he could now also be active on the physical plane. His will was bound by the promise he had made, but everything else that was available to him on the physical plane, that is, his power of judgment, his imagination, his memory, his emotions, and so on, with which he had previously been active on the physical plane, he could still use; with them he could still be active on the physical plane.
Let us take the intellect, for example. The intellect is the faculty of the soul, the power of the soul that enables us to distinguish, that enables us to form judgments about the facts of life. Without this intellect, we cannot get by in the outer life on the physical plane. We must, so to speak, use our intellect at every turn. Now, let us assume that by becoming a member of an occult society, an occult school, one gained occult research results, insights into what one did in one's outer life position. By one's will, one was not allowed to apply them. But at first, nothing prevented you — as long as you restrained your will — from using your intellect in such a way that you could intelligently observe the things outside and the people you encountered on the physical plane with all the higher means you now had at your disposal from occult research. So, although one could not allow the results of occult research to influence one's actions or decisions, one could allow occult research to influence how one, as a secret student, judged the beings of the mineral, plant, and animal kingdoms, how one judged other people, and how one behaved with one's intellect in the ordinary world.
You will notice that this necessarily involves a strong self-discipline on the part of the occultist. For what is more natural for a person who has to face other people in life and act accordingly than to act in accordance with his position in life, to apply what he knows, to act, for example, according to his understanding when he sees that he is dealing with a morally inferior person? That is surely the most obvious and natural thing we can do in this world. The occultist is not capable of doing this. With the means provided by occult research, he can stimulate his intellect and, better than he was able to before, look into the character of a fellow human being and know that he is a morally inferior person; he can also arrange what he does to this person accordingly, because he has no obligation to this person, but only to his own position in life; he has not committed himself not to use his will in relation to what he does for the other person. But for what he does for himself, he has committed himself to be reconciled with his karma and not to apply the insights that come to him when he uses his intellect, supported by the means of occult research.Let us take the concrete case of someone who has attained the level in the occult field that I am now speaking of. If he had not become an occultist, he might encounter another person and not recognize that he is a morally inferior person. The consequence of this would be that he would allow himself to be taken advantage of by this person in some way. It goes without saying that this can happen. You will admit that such things have already happened in the world, that people have been deceived in the world to the extent that they thought someone was better than he really was, and, as we say in German, fell for it, that is, allowed themselves to be deceived by him.
As an occultist, one has something in advance. One recognizes the inferiority of this person, but one has first — and I ask you to understand the word “first” correctly, that is, to hear it — committed oneself not to apply these occult insights to one's will, that is, to one's own position in life. One can know: This is an inferior person; but one must behave as one would have behaved in the past. You must accept from him socially what you would have had to accept from him if you had not gained occult knowledge through your intellect.
Here you can see clearly and sharply marked what resignation the budding occultist must practice; how he must sharply separate what he can recognize without occult research and what could give him an advantage in life through occult research. Those who, through their natural gifts or special circumstances, are already fortunate enough to know of the inferiority of others without being occultists, will always be inclined to consider the budding occultist a fool because he is giving up advantages for himself. It is quite the rule that certain people, either through favorable circumstances in life or otherwise, see through what the occultist also sees through, but do not act upon it because they are obliged not to. This will always happen, just as it can happen that one or the other who has made a promise does not keep it; but that is his business. One may consider the budding occultist a fool because he allows himself to be taken advantage of by another human being. But that must not lead us to assume that he has no means of seeing through people.
So this is, in a sense, a second stage, in which we renounce the use of our will for our own egoism and apply our intellect in the outer physical world. The ancient occult teachers allowed their students to remain at the stage just described for quite a long time. The students had to go through the world for a long time, learning to observe not only other people but also the other realms of nature in a deeper sense than before, penetrating more deeply, yet continuing to follow exactly the same course of life they had followed before. This not only achieved a strong self-discipline, not only did it teach people to refrain from using the advantages offered by their spirit for the service of egoism, but it also enabled these people to achieve a completely different kind of progress.
For if, immediately after the intellect has spoken, the will follows and, so to speak, connects the actions initiated by the intellect, then the development of this intellect, the power of this intellect, goes much less far than if this intellect is applied separately, as it were chemically distilled from the application of the sphere of the will, for a period of time. When human beings essentially exclude themselves as egoistic beings from a realm into which they enter by applying their intellect, as has just been characterized, to the whole world surrounding them, but with the renunciation of the activity of the will, subtle distinctions are presented to them. The intellect becomes subtle. Judgment and discernment grow stronger and stronger as we proceed in this way, and we have then completed the second stage of occult development, namely, what might be called the cultivation of the intellect emancipated from the will; and if one wanted to be very precise, one could say: the cultivation of the intellect emancipated from the egoistic will.
The next step, however, was that because the human being had used his intellect in the most intense way for a long time, he now had to begin to refrain from using his intellect in this particular area. You see, now comes an even more difficult thing; now man must, in a sense, take it upon himself to judge as he always judged before he became an occultist. With regard to the things of the outer physical plane, he must use only that power of judgment and intellect which he used before. What he has now gained for his intellect, what he has now conquered and what stands as an enormous advantage and advance of the spirit, man must exclude from his spiritual activity, that is, he must proceed only in a completely scientific manner. What he has strived for with all his energy and acuity over a long period of time, namely, to bring his intellect to greater powers, he must now lay aside, he must tear it completely out of his soul, insofar as it is the conscious application of the intellect, and he must say to himself: As you go through your actions and positions on the physical plane, you must think and distinguish as you did before your occult development, according to your former degree of intelligence. — That is to say, man must push himself back, must be, in a sense, as foolish as he was before the sharpening of his intellect.
And what must now become of this intellect that he has renounced? He must no longer use this intellect; he has used it for a long time, but he must no longer use it. What now happens to the results of the intellect, of the power of judgment, when we disregard their immediate application?
Then they pass into our memory, into our recollection. This is the next step, namely: everything that man has learned through his sharpened intellect must become memory for him. He must not go any further in culture, in the further development of his intellect; he must refrain from applying his stronger intellect in any way, from wanting to know this or that about the connections in the world through his sharper intellect; and he must repeatedly seek in his memory only what he has already acquired through this sharper intellect. he must seek again and again in his memory; it must appear again and again in his memory. He must strive more and more to make what he has conquered for his intellect become for him something like the things he may have imagined in life ten or twenty years ago, things he does not think now, but merely remembers.
You see, in occult schools such as the Pythagorean school in ancient times, or some secret schools in the Near East, the students were first selected so that only those who were considered mature enough to keep their vow were accepted: not to allow the means of intellectual culture they were to attain to flow into their egoistic will. Then these students were educated for a long, long time in such a way that they were encouraged in every possible way to distinguish things more sharply and then to learn to put them together again with the power of judgment, as is possible in ordinary outer life. For a long time, the greatest emphasis was placed on cultivating this power of judgment in the schools of antiquity and also in the Middle Ages, and rightly so.
Then the student had to make a second vow, so to speak. This second promise, which the students made to themselves and to their teacher, was that they would stop judging the things they saw outside on the physical plane with the judgments they had gained with their intellect. But they were also not allowed to be critical of the teachings their teacher presented to them. They were only allowed to compare what their teacher presented with what they had already acquired through their power of judgment. They were not allowed to criticize, but had to become listeners who always compared what they were hearing now with what they had already gained through their sharper intellectual powers. This, in turn, belonged to the next stage of occult development, and could be called the exclusion of the sharper powers of the intellect and the restriction of the inner soul life, insofar as one was concerned, to memory and recollection. Only what the imagination could produce in symbols and allegories from these remembered judgments, concepts, and ideas was still allowed to be carried out.
So memory and imagination were the soul forces that now came into their own, so to speak, and were now to become particularly effective at this higher stage. In order that they might, as it were, distill themselves purely out of the rest of the soul life and not be continually influenced by the judgments of the intellect, they had to assert themselves alone.
The student had then entered a further stage of his occult development. The time allowed for the student to pass through this stage was usually filled with presenting the occult knowledge already known as teachings and made into theosophy to the students in accordance with the ideas; so that, as it were, the students were there with what they had previously gained in terms of powers through their power of judgment, always remembered them, and, in a sense, allowed what was presented to them by their teachers to work within them.
It goes without saying that the period during which the students underwent this development varied greatly from one mystery to another, depending on whether it was considered necessary, according to the general needs of human evolution, to reveal more or less of the occult secrets to those whom one wished to train occultly in this way, in order to then be able to make them leaders of humanity in the appropriate manner. In the occult schools, the period during which this was undergone usually lasted quite a long time.
The next thing the occult student had to turn to was to strive with all his might to erase from his consciousness the memories and imaginative pictures, as well as the concepts he had acquired through his own self, that had been transformed into symbols or the like. This was indeed an extremely difficult task, and one cannot generally imagine that a student could have accomplished this difficult task. That the students were nevertheless able to accomplish this task: namely, to spread complete forgetfulness over everything they had acquired through their own efforts, you can get an idea if you consider that such students had learned to restrain their will in relation to their external actions and had achieved such strong self-discipline that they always behaved only as described above.
By not allowing the will, which one otherwise has freely available to the outside world, to express itself, but by being forced to restrain it so strongly, one acquired strong reserves of willpower within oneself. That was definitely the case. One becomes stronger and stronger within oneself when one is forced to restrain one's will outwardly in such a way that none of the advantages offered by spiritual development are allowed to flow into the egoistic will. In this way, one becomes stronger and stronger, and it is precisely through this that one attains the strong willpower needed to suppress and erase what one has acquired during occult training and what one remembered earlier. Just as one erases an idea that is of no use in life, so must what has just been mentioned be erased. That was an unconditional requirement.
Do not think that those who were occult students in this way became blindly authoritarian toward their teachers. That was not the case at all. Those who believe in authority are people who always use their ordinary intellect in a slightly exaggerated way to judge what they hear. But those who have first sharpened their powers of judgment will always remember what they have acquired through these sharpened powers of judgment. Those who allowed the occult teachings to work on them through their memory and their whole imagination certainly did not become blindly obedient to authority, but accepted what the occult teachings offered them as one accepts nature itself. This is how occult students generally accepted the occult teachings once they had gone through the corresponding preliminary stages. Yes, the teachers themselves ensured that their words had the same effect on their students as nature itself, that they did not need to command the students to have this or that opinion. It was so that, through what they had previously undergone in terms of discernment and intellectual development, the students were ready at the next stage, that of memory, that they faced the words as one faces a sunrise, as one faces a sea whipped by the wind, as one faces any other natural phenomenon that one observes in order to get to know it, but without approaching it critically; for then one does not get to know it.
Those who learn the least about the inner power of a natural phenomenon are those who only face it by turning their sympathy or antipathy toward it. Just as one observes nature itself, so did the occult student observe what the occult teaching offered him.
But then, when they had adhered to this for a while in the manner described, so that only memory, imagination, and recollection were active and the students applied their intellect only to their outer occupation in life, they had to enter a period of inner peace, of forgetting their own powers, and of killing their own achievements. Only then did the time come when they could have complete inner peace, when even the memories and imaginings they had acquired through their own efforts during their previous occult life were erased from their consciousness.
In a certain sense, the soul was emptied, and by being emptied, the egoistic will, the egoistic intellect, the egoistic memory, and the egoistic imagination were removed from this soul, opening it up to a truly new world. This was necessary so that this new world could truly penetrate the soul.
Now you must familiarize yourself with the fact that a new world did indeed penetrate into the soul, which was empty of its egoistic soul power. A new world. You should not be surprised, therefore, if the characteristics of this new world are strange. For what is strange? Strange is that which a person experiences in such a way that it contradicts their previous experiences. Why do people reject this or that? Look around you in the world, wherever something is being discussed; people reject it, saying, “There is a contradiction in what is being claimed.” That means that, based on what they have been able to judge so far, they find it contradictory to everything they know and believe; and they immediately believe that they have an advantage over the other person who is saying something in this way, and that they are right if they can prove that the other person is wrong.
Actually, public discussion of things consists entirely in proving contradictions, in saying here or there: That must be wrong, there is a contradiction there. — This refutes most things. We must face the fact that we encounter contradictions because we are approaching something that cannot possibly be the same as our previous world, as what we have experienced so far. We must recognize that we actually have to reconcile ourselves with nothing but contradictions when the new world approaches us, a world that is characterized by such concepts that we can say: Yes, these are nothing but contradictions. That the new world is characterized by contradictions must be so, for the new world would not be a new world if it corresponded to the old and presented no contradictions.
So you will not be surprised if the first characteristic of the world that man enters when he reaches the peace of mind that comes after the stage of forgetfulness can only be given in words that contradict the ordinary world in which we live.
There are three things that man experiences when he has reached the stage described above. Three things that we can only characterize by using words that are in themselves contradictory to everything that humans know about the external world. Humans learn three things when they truly enter what can be called a supernatural world.
The first thing they learn is the unrevealed light. Look around you and see if you cannot see light everywhere in the world. It is the nature of light to reveal itself. But the first thing human beings learn in the supersensible world is the unrevealed light, the dark light, the light that does not shine.
The second thing that humans learn in the supersensible world is the inexpressible word. A word in the ordinary world does not exist unless it is spoken. A word that is not spoken is not a word. We have a complete contradiction when we say: The second thing that one learns in the supersensible world is the inexpressible word.
And the third is consciousness without a known object. Just remember that when you develop consciousness, when you know this or that, you have an object, an object of knowledge. But the consciousness that confronts us as the third thing when we enter the supersensible world is consciousness without an object, consciousness without an object of knowledge.
These three things, which can only be characterized with contradictory words, are what the student encounters when he enters the actual realm of occultism through the preparation we have described. For these are, in a sense, the first three truly occult things we learn about:
first, the unrevealed light,
secondly, the inexpressible word,
thirdly, consciousness without knowledge of an object.
This is then the most significant event that can initially occur for the budding occultist: learning to connect something with what appears to him to be a contradiction to everything he has experienced so far. At the moment when a person can connect something of their inner experience with the three ideas of unrevealed light, the unspeakable word, and consciousness without knowledge of an object, they have become a true occultist. The budding occultist has then truly entered the path of occult knowledge.