Between Death and Rebirth
GA 141
4 March 1913, Berlin
Lecture IX
At the time when materialism—mainly theoretical materialism—was in its prime, in the middle and still to some extent during the last decades of the nineteenth century, when the writings of Buchner and Vogt (‘bulky Vogt’ as he used to be called) had made a deep impression upon people who considered themselves enlightened, one could often hear a way of speaking that is occasionally also heard today, because stragglers from that epoch of theoretical materialism are still to be found in certain circles. When people do not flatly deny the possibility of a life after death, or even here and there admit it, they are wont to say: Well, there may be a life after death but why should we trouble about it during life on Earth? When death has taken place we shall discover whether there is indeed a future life, and meanwhile if here on Earth we concern ourselves only with the affairs of earthly existence and take no account of what is alleged to come afterwards, we cannot miss anything of importance. For if the life after death has anything to offer we shall then discover what it is!
As I said, this way of speaking could be heard time and time again and this is still the case in wide circles today; in the way the subject is expressed it may often, in a certain respect, almost seem acceptable. And yet it is utterly at variance with what is disclosed to spiritual investigation when the facts connected with the life between death and rebirth are considered in their spiritual aspect. When a man has passed through the gate of death he comes into contact with many and infinitely varied forces and beings. He does not only find himself living amid a multitude of super-sensible facts but he comes into contact with definite forces and Beings—namely, the Beings of the several higher Hierarchies. Let us ask ourselves what this contact signifies for one who is passing through the period of existence between death and the new birth.
We know that when an individual has spent this period of life in the super-sensible world and passes into physical existence again through birth, he becomes in a certain way the moulder of his own bodily constitution, indeed of his whole destiny in the life on Earth. Within certain limits the human being builds and fashions his body, even the very convolutions of his brain, by means of the forces brought with him from the spiritual worlds when he enters again into physical existence through birth. Our whole earthly existence depends upon our physical body possessing organs which enable us to come in touch with the outer physical world, to act and moreover to think in that world.
If, here in the physical world, we do not possess the appropriately formed brain which, on passing through birth we formed for ourselves out of the forces of the super-sensible world, we remain unable to cope with life in this physical world. In the real sense we are fitted for life in the physical world only when we bring with us from the spiritual world forces by means of which we have been able to build a body able to cope with this world and all its demands. The super-sensible forces which man needs in order to fashion his body and also his destiny are received by him from the Beings of the higher Hierarchies with whom he has made contact between death and the new birth. What we need for the shaping of our life must be acquired during the time that has preceded our birth since the last death. Between death and the next birth we must approach, stage by stage, the Beings who can endow us with the forces we need for our physical existence.
In the life between death and rebirth we can pass before the Beings of the higher Hierarchies in two ways. We may recognise them, understand their nature and essential characteristics, be able to receive what they can give us and what we shall need in the following life. We must be able to understand or at least to perceive what is being offered us and what we shall subsequently need. But we might also pass before these Beings in such a way that, figuratively speaking, their hands are offering gifts which we do not receive because it is dark in the higher world in which we then live. Thus we may pass through that world with understanding, with awareness of what these Beings are offering us, or we may pass through it without understanding, unaware of what they wish to bestow. Now the way in which we pass through this spiritual world, which of the two ways we necessarily choose in our life between death and the new birth, is predetermined by the after-effects of the previous life and of earlier lives on Earth. A person whose attitude in his last life on Earth was unresponsive and antagonistic to all thoughts and ideas that may enlighten him about the super-sensible world—such a person passes through the life between death and rebirth as if through a world of darkness. For the light, the spiritual light we need in order to realise how these different Beings approach us and what gifts we may receive from them for our next life on Earth—the light of understanding for what is here coming to pass cannot be acquired in the super-sensible world itself; it must be acquired here, during physical incarnation on Earth. If, at death, we bear with us into the spiritual life no relevant ideas and concepts, we shall pass unknowingly through our super-sensible existence until the next birth, receiving none of the forces needed for the next life. From this we realise how impossible it is to say that we can wait until death itself occurs because we shall then discover what the facts are—whether indeed we shall encounter any reality at all after death. Our relationship to that reality depends upon whether in earthly life we have been receptive or antagonistic in our souls to concepts or ideas of the super-sensible world that have been accessible to us and will be the light through which we must ourselves illumine the path between death and rebirth.
Something further can be gathered from what has been said. The belief that we have, so to say, only to die in order to receive everything that the super-sensible world can give us, even if we have made no preparation for it—this belief is utterly false. Every world has its own special mission. And what a man can acquire during an incarnation on Earth he can acquire in no single one of the other worlds. Between death and the new birth he is able, in all circumstances, to enter into communion with the Beings of the higher Hierarchies. But in order to receive their gifts, to avoid having to grope in darkness through life there or in fearful loneliness, in order to establish contact with those Beings and receive their forces, the ideas and concepts which are the light enabling the higher Hierarchies to be visible to the soul must be acquired in earthly life. And so an individual who in earthly life during the present cycle of time has rejected all spiritual ideas, passes through the life between death and rebirth in fearful loneliness, groping in darkness. In the next incarnation he will fail to bring with him the forces wherewith to build his body efficiently and mould his organs; he can fashion them in an imperfect form only and consequently he will be an inadequate human being in his next life.
We realise from this how Karma works over from one life to the next. In one life a man deliberately scorns to develop in his soul any relationship with the spiritual worlds; in the next life he has no forces wherewith to create even the organs enabling him to think, feel or will the truths of spiritual life. He remains dull and indifferent to spiritual things and spiritual life passes him by as though in dream—as is so frequently the case today. On the Earth such an individual can take no interest in spiritual worlds; and his soul, after passing through the gate of death, is an easy prey for the Luciferic powers. Lucifer makes straight for such souls. Here we have the strange situation that in the next life in the spiritual world, the life that follows the dull, unreceptive one, the deeds and the Beings of the higher Hierarchies are indeed illumined for such an individual but in this case not as a result of what he acquired in earthly life but by the light which Lucifer sends into his soul. It is Lucifer who illumines the higher worlds for him when he passes into the life between death and rebirth. Now, he can, it is true, perceive the higher Hierarchies, recognise when they are offering their gifts to him. But the fact that Lucifer has tainted the light means that all the gifts have a particular colouring and character. The forces of the higher Hierarchies are then not exactly as the human being could otherwise have received them. Their nature then is such that when the human being passes into his next life on Earth he can certainly form and mould his body, but he moulds it then in such a way that although he becomes an individual who is, admittedly, able to cope with the outer world and its demands, in a certain respect he is inwardly inadequate, because his soul is tinged with Lucifer's gifts or at least by gifts that have a Luciferic trend.
When we come across individuals who have worked on their bodies in such a way that they are able to make effective use of their intellect and acquire certain skills which will help them to raise their status in the world, although to their own advantage only, snatching at what is in their own interest, dryly calculating what is beneficial to themselves without any consideration for others—and there are many such people nowadays—in these cases the seer will very often find that their previous history was what has been described. Before they began to display their dry, intellectual, sharp-witted character in life, they had been led through their existence between death and rebirth by Luciferic beings who were able to approach them because in the preceding incarnation they had lived an apathetic, dreamy existence. But these traits themselves had been acquired because such individuals had passed through an earlier existence between death and rebirth groping in darkness. The Spirits of the higher Hierarchies would have bestowed upon them the forces needed for fashioning a new life, but they were unable to receive these forces; and that in turn was because they had deliberately refused to concern themselves with ideas and concepts relating to a spiritual world. That is the karmic connection. Such examples do certainly occur; they appear before the eyes of spirit only too frequently when with the help of powers of spiritual investigation and knowing the conditions of human life, we penetrate into higher worlds.
It is therefore wrong to say that here on Earth we need concern ourselves only with what is around us in earthly existence because what comes later will be revealed in all good time. But the form in which it will be revealed depends entirely upon how we have prepared ourselves for it here.
Another possibility may occur. I am saying these things in order that by understanding the life between death and rebirth, life between birth and death may become more and more intelligible.
When we study life on Earth with discernment, we see many human beings—and in our time they are very numerous—who can, as it were, only ‘half think’, whose logic invariably breaks down when faced with reality. Here is an example: A certain free-thinking cleric, an honourable man in all his endeavours, wrote in the first Freethinkers' Calendar as follows: Children ought not to be taught any ideas about religion for that would be against nature. If children are allowed to grow up without having any ideas about religion pumped into them, we find that they do not of themselves arrive at ideas of God, immortality, and so forth. The inference to be drawn from this is that such ideas are unnatural to the human being and should not be drummed into him; he should work only with what can be drawn from his own soul. As in many other cases, there are thousands and thousands of people nowadays to whom an utterance such as this seems very clever, very subtle. But if only genuine logic were applied the following would be obvious: If we were to take a human being before he has learnt to speak, put him on a lonely island and take care that he can hear no single word of speech, he would never learn to speak. And so anyone who argues against children being taught any ideas about religion would logically have to say that human beings should not have to learn to speak, for speech does not come of itself. So our free-thinking cleric cannot propagate his ideas by means of his logic, for both he and his logic come to a halt when confronted by the facts. His logic can be applied to a small area only, and he does not notice that his idea, assuming one can get hold of it, cancels itself out.
Anyone who is alert to his surroundings will find that this inadequate, pseudo-thinking is very widespread. If with the help of super-sensible research we trace the path of such an individual backwards and come to the regions through which his soul passed between the last death and the last birth, when this illogical mentality was caused, the seer often finds that this type of human being, in his last life between death and rebirth, passed through the spiritual world in such a way that he encountered the spiritual Beings and forces while under the guidance of Ahriman; and that although those Beings would have bestowed upon him what he needed in life, they could not make it possible for him to develop the capacity for sound thinking. Ahriman was his leader and it was Ahriman who contrived that the gifts of the Beings of the higher Hierarchies could only be received by him in a form that would finally result in his thinking coming to a halt when confronting actual facts, and in his inability to make his thinking exhaustive and valid. A large proportion of those human beings—and their number is legion—who are incapable of genuine thinking today owe this to the fact that in their last life between death and rebirth they were obliged to submit to Ahriman's guidance; they had somehow prepared themselves for this in their last earthly life—that is to say, in the incarnation preceding the present one.
And what was the course of that preceding life as viewed by a seer? It is found that these were morose, hypochondriacal individuals, who shied away from facts and people in the world and always found it difficult to establish any relation with their environment. Very often they were intolerable hypochondriacs in their previous life; on medical examination they would have been found to be suffering from the type of illness occurring very frequently in hypochondriacs. And if we were to go still further back, to the life between death and rebirth that preceded the hypochondriacal incarnation, we should find that during that period such human beings were obliged again to forego the right guidance and could not become truly aware of what the gifts of the higher Hierarchies would have been. And how had they prepared themselves for this fate in the life preceding the last two incarnations? We should find that they had developed what it is certainly true to call a religious, pious attitude of soul but an attitude based on sheer egoism. They were people with a pious, even mystical nature emanating from egoism. After all, mysticism very often has its origin in egoism. An individual of this type might say: I seek within myself in order that there I may recognise God. But what he is seeking there is only his own self made into God! In the case of many pious souls it becomes evident that they are pious only in order that after death one or another of their spiritual inclinations may bear fruit. All that they have acquired is an egotistic attitude of soul.
When in the course of spiritual research we trace the sequence of three such earthly lives, we find that in the first, the basic attitude of the soul was that of egotistic mysticism, egotistic religiosity. And when today we observe human beings with this attitude to life, we shall be able, by means of spiritual investigation to trace them back to times when souls without number developed a religious frame of mind out of sheer egoism. They then passed through an existence between death and rebirth without being able to receive from the spiritual Beings the gifts which would have enabled them to shape their next life rightly. In that life they became morose and hypochondriacal, finding everything distasteful. This life again prepared them for the ensuing one when, having passed through the gate of death, Ahriman and his hosts became their leaders and the forces with which they were imbued manifested in the following earthly life as defective logic, as an obtuse, undiscerning kind of thinking.
Here, then, we have another example of three successive incarnations. And we realise again and again what nonsense it is to believe that we can wait until death to establish connection with the super-sensible world. For how this connection is established after death depends upon the inner tendencies of soul acquired here on Earth towards the super-sensible world. Not only are the successive earthly lives connected as causes and effects, but the lives between death and the new birth are also connected in a certain way as causes and effects. This can be seen from the following.
When the seer directs his gaze into the super-sensible world where souls are sojourning after death, he will find among them those who during part of this life between death and rebirth are servants of those Powers whom we may call the Lords of all healthy, budding and burgeoning life on the Earth. (In the very lengthy period between death and rebirth, innumerable experiences are undergone and in accounts of the present kind, parts only can be described.) Among the dead we find souls who for a certain length of time in the super-sensible world co-operate in the wonderful task—for wonderful it is—of pouring, infusing into the physical world everything that can further the health of beings on the Earth, can help them to thrive and blossom. Just as in certain circumstances we can become servants of the evil spirits of illness and misfortune, so too we can become the servants of those spiritual beings who promote health and growth, who send down from the spiritual world into our physical world forces that help life to flourish. It is nothing but a materialistic superstition to believe that physical hygiene and external regulations are the sole means of promoting health. Everything that happens in physical life is directed by the beings and powers of higher worlds who are all the time pouring into the physical world forces which in a certain way work freely, upon human or other beings, either promoting or harming health and growth. Certain specific spiritual powers and beings are responsible for these processes in health and illness. In the life between death and rebirth man co-operates with these powers; and if we have prepared ourselves in the right way we can experience the bliss of co-operating in the task of sending the forces which promote health and growth, from the higher worlds into this physical world. And when the seer enquires into why such souls have deserved this destiny, he becomes aware that in physical life on Earth there are two ways in which human beings can execute and think about what they want to achieve.
Let us take a general look at life. We see numbers of human beings who carry out the work prescribed for them by their profession or office. Even if there is no radical case of any one of these people regarding their work as if they were animals being led to the slaughterhouse, it is at least true to say that they work because they are obliged to. Of course they would never neglect their duty—although of course anything may happen! In a certain sense it cannot be otherwise in the present phase of man's evolution; the only urge such people feel towards their work is that of duty. This does not by any means suggest that such work should be criticised root and branch. It should not be understood in this sense. Earth-evolution is such that this aspect of life will become more and more widespread; nor will things improve in the future. The tasks that men will have to carry out will become increasingly complicated in so far as they are connected with outer life and men will be condemned more and more to think and do only that to which duty drives them. Already there are hosts of human beings who do their work only because duty forces them to it, but on the other hand there will be people who look for a Society such as ours in which they can also achieve something, not simply from a sense of duty as in everyday life but for which they feel enthusiasm and devotion. Thus there are two aspects of a man's work: has it been thought out or done as an outer achievement merely from a sense of duty, or has it been done with enthusiasm and inner devotion, solely out of an inner urge of his own soul? This attitude—to think and act not merely out of a sense of duty, but out of love, inclination and devotion—this prepared the soul to become a server of the beneficent Powers of health and salutary forces sent down from the super-sensible world into our physical world, to become a servant of everything that brings health and to experience the bliss that can accompany these circumstances.
To know this is extremely important for the general well-being of man, for only by acquiring during life the forces that will enable him to co-operate with the Powers in question will he be able to work spiritually for an ever intensifying process of healing and betterment of conditions on the Earth.
We will now consider still another case, of one who makes efforts to adapt himself to his environment and its demands. This by no means applies to everybody. There are some people who take no trouble to adjust themselves to the world and are never at home with the conditions either of spiritual or outer physical life. For example, there are individuals who notice an announcement that here or there an anthroposophical lecture will be given; they go to the place but almost as soon as they get seated, they are already asleep! In such cases the soul cannot adapt itself to the environment is not attuned to it. I have known men who cannot even sew on a button to replace one that has been torn off; that again means that they cannot adapt themselves to physical conditions. Countless cases could be quoted of people who cannot or will not adapt themselves to life. These symptoms are very significant, as I have said. At the moment, however, we will think only of the effects upon the life between death and rebirth.
Everything becomes cause and everything produces effects. A man who makes efforts to adapt himself to his environment, someone, that is to say, who can actually sew on a button or can listen to something with which he is unfamiliar without immediately falling asleep, is preparing himself to become, after death, a helper of those Spirits who further the progress of humanity and send down to the Earth the spiritual forces which promote life as it advances from epoch to epoch. After death we can experience the bliss of looking down upon earthly life and co-operating with the forces that are perpetually being sent to the Earth to further its progress, but this is possible only if we endeavour to adapt ourselves to our environment and its conditions. To be rightly and thoroughly understood Karma must be studied in details, in details which reveal the manifold ways in which causes and effects are connected here in the physical world, in the spiritual world and in existence as a whole.
Here again light is thrown upon the fact that our life in the spiritual worlds depends upon the mode of our life in the physical body. Each world has its own specific mission; no two worlds have an identical mission. The characteristic phenomena and experiences in one world are not the same in another. And if, for example, a being is meant to assimilate certain things on Earth, it is on Earth that he must do so; if he misses this opportunity he cannot acquire them in some other world. This is particularly the case in a matter which we have already considered but of which it will be well to be thoroughly aware. The matter in question concerns the acceptance of certain concepts and ideas needed by man for his life as a whole. Let us take an example that is near at hand. Anthroposophy is a timely and active force in our epoch. People approach and accept Anthroposophy during their life on Earth in the way known to you, but again the belief might arise that it is not necessary to cultivate Anthroposophy on Earth, for one will be in a position after death to know how things are in the spiritual worlds; that moreover the higher Hierarchies will also be there and able to impart to the soul what is necessary.
Now it is a fact that having passed through the phase of development leading to the present cycle of evolution, the human being, with his whole soul, has been prepared to contact on Earth the kind of anthroposophical life that is possible only while he is incarnated in a physical body. Men are predestined for this and if they fail they will be unable to establish relationship with any of the spiritual Beings who might have been their teachers. One cannot simply die and then, after death, find a teacher who might take the place of what here, during physical life on Earth, can come to souls in the form of Anthroposophy. We need not, however, be dejected by the fact that many individuals reject Anthroposophy and it is therefore to be assumed that they will not be able to acquire it between death and the new birth. We need not despair about them for they will be born in a new earthly life and by that time there will be a strong enough stimulus towards Anthroposophy and enough Anthroposophy on the Earth for them to acquire it. In the present age despondency is still out of place, but that should not lead anyone to say: I can acquire Anthroposophy in my next life and so can do without it now. No, what has been neglected here cannot be retrieved later on.
When our German Theosophical Movement was still very young I was once giving a lecture about Nietzsche, during which I said certain things about the spiritual worlds. At that time it was customary to have discussions and on this occasion someone got up and said that such matters must always be put to the test of Kant's philosophy, from which it would be evident that we can have no knowledge of these things here on Earth and can begin to know them only after death. That, quite literally, was what the man said. As I have repeatedly emphasised, it is not the case that one has only to die in order to acquire certain knowledge. When we pass through the gate of death we do not experience anything for which we have not prepared ourselves. Life between death and rebirth is throughout a continuation of the life here, as the examples already given have shown. Therefore as individuals we can acquire from the Beings of the higher Hierarchies only that for which we have prepared ourselves on Earth—perhaps by having become anthroposophists. Our connection with the Earth and our passage through the life on Earth have a significance which nothing else can replace.
A certain form of mediation is, however, possible in this connection and I have already spoken of it. A person may die and during his lifetime have had no knowledge at all of Spiritual Science; but his brother or his wife or a close friend were anthroposophists. The man who has died may have refused to have anything to do with Anthroposophy during his life; perhaps he consistently abused it. Now he has passed through the gate of death and Anthroposophy can be conveyed to him in some way by other personalities on Earth. But there must be someone on Earth who passes on the knowledge to him out of love. Connection with the Earth must be maintained. This is the basis of what I have called ‘reading to the dead’. We can render them great benefit even if previously they would listen to nothing about the spiritual world. We can help them either by putting what we have to say into the form of thoughts, conveying knowledge in this way, or we may take an anthroposophical book, visualise the personality concerned, and read to him from it; then he will learn. We have had a number of striking and beautiful examples in our Movement of how it has been possible in this way to benefit the dead. Many of our friends read to those who have died. I recently had an experience that others too may have had. Someone asked me about a friend who had died very recently and it seemed that he was trying to make himself noticed by means of all kinds of signs, especially at night, creating disturbance in the room, rapping and so on. Such happenings are often indications that the dead person wants something; and in this case it was quite evident. In his lifetime the man had been very erudite but had always rejected any knowledge of the spiritual world that might come his way. It became obvious that he would greatly benefit if a particular Lecture Course containing the subject-matter for which he was craving, were read to him. In this way very effective help can be given beyond death for something left undone on Earth.
The fact that can convince us of the great and significant mission of Anthroposophy is that Anthroposophy can bridge the gulf between the living and the dead, that when human beings die they have not really gone away from us but we remain connected with them and can be active on their behalf. If it is asked whether one can always know whether the dead soul also hears us, it must be said that those who do what has been described with genuine devotion will eventually become aware from the way in which the thoughts which they are sending to the dead live in their own souls that the dead person is hovering around them. But this is an experience, a feeling, of which sensitive souls alone are capable. The most distressing aspect is when something that might be a great service of love is not heeded; in that case it has been done unnecessarily for the person concerned, but it may still have some effect in the general pattern of worlds. In any case one should not grieve excessively about such lack of success. After all, it happens even here that something is read to people who do not listen!
These things may well give a true conception of the seriousness and worth of Anthroposophy. But it must constantly be emphasised that the conditions of our life in the spiritual world after death will depend entirely upon the manner of our life here on Earth. Even our community with others in the spiritual world depends upon the nature of the relationship we sought to establish with them here. If there has been no relationship with a human being here on Earth it cannot be taken for granted that any connection can be established in the other world between death and rebirth. The possibility of being led to him in the spiritual world is as a rule dependent upon the contact established here on Earth—not necessarily in the last incarnation only but in earlier lives as well.
In short, both objective and personal relationships established here on Earth are the decisive factor for the life between death and the new birth. Exceptions do occur but must be recognised as such. What I said here at Christmastime (in Lecture Five) about the Buddha and his present mission on Mars is one such exception. There are numbers of human souls on the Earth who were able to contact the Buddha—even in his previous existence as Bodhisattva—as a result of inspirations received from the Mysteries. But because the Buddha was incarnated for the last time as the son of Suddodana, then worked in his etheric body as I have described1See Lectures Three, Five and Six of the course, The Gospel of St. Luke and has now transferred his sphere of activity to Mars, at the present time the possibility exists that even if we never previously came in contact with the Buddha, we can establish a relationship with him in the life between death and rebirth; and we can then bring the results of that contact with us into the next incarnation on Earth. But that remains an exceptional case. The general rule is that after death we find those individuals with whom we had actual contacts here on Earth and continue these relationships in that other state of existence.
What has now been said is closely related to the information given during this Winter about the life between death and the new birth, and the aim has been to show that if Anthroposophy remains simply a matter of theory and external science, it is only half of what it ought to be; it fulfils its true function only when it streams through souls as a veritable elixir of life and enables these souls to experience in depth the feelings that arise in a human being when he acquires some knowledge of the higher worlds. Death then ceases to appear as a destroyer of human and personal relationships. The gulf between life here on Earth and the life after death is bridged and many activities carried out with this in mind will develop. The dead will send their influences into life, the living their influences into the realm of the dead.
My wish is that your souls will feel more deeply that life is enriched, becomes fuller and more spiritual when everything is influenced by Anthroposophy. Only those who feel this have the right attitude to Anthroposophy. What is of prime importance is not the knowledge that man consists of physical body, etheric body, astral body and Ego, that he passes through many incarnations, that the Earth too has passed through the several incarnations of Old Saturn, Old Sun and Old Moon, and so forth. The most important and essential need is to allow Anthroposophy to transform our lives in a way commensurate with the Earth's future. This feeling can never be experienced too deeply, nor can we bestir ourselves too often in this connection. The feelings we bear with us from these meetings and then move through life under the stimulus of the knowledge of the super-sensible worlds acquired here—these feelings are the really important element in anthroposophical life. Merely to have knowledge of Anthroposophy is not enough; knowledge and feeling must be combined. We must realise, however, how false it is to believe that without any understanding of the world we can do it justice. Leonardo da Vinci's saying is true: “Great love is the daughter of great understanding.” He who is not prepared to understand will not learn how to love.
It is in this sense that Anthroposophy should find entry into our souls, in order that from this influence which proceeds from our own being a stream of spirituality may find its way into Earth-evolution, creating harmony between spirit and matter. Life on the Earth will, it is true, continue to be materialistic—indeed outer life will become increasingly so—but as man moves over the Earth he will bear within his soul the realisation of his connection with the higher worlds. Outwardly, earthly life will become more and more materialistic—that is the Earth's karma—but in the same measure, if Earth-evolution is to reach its goal, souls must become inwardly more and more spiritual. My purpose today was to make a small contribution towards understanding this task.
Neunter Vortrag
In der Zeit, in welcher der Materialismus hauptsächlich theoretisch geblüht hat, also in den mittleren und zum Teil auch noch in den letzten Jahrzehnten des 19. Jahrhunderts, als etwa die Schriften Büchners oder Vogts, des sogenannten «dicken» Vogts, tiefen Eindruck in weiten Kreisen von Menschen gemacht hatten, die sich damals als aufgeklärte Menschen fühlten, da konnte man oftmals eine Redewendung hören -, eine Redewendung, die heute auch noch zuweilen gehört werden kann, da ja in gewissen Weltanschauungsgruppen sozusagen die Nachzügler jenes theoretischen Materialismus immer noch vorhanden sind. Wenn die Leute nicht etwa direkt ein jegliches Leben nach dem Tode ablehnen wollen, wenn sie zuweilen dieses Leben nach dem Tode zugeben wollen, dann sagen sie: Nun ja, es mag ein solches Leben nach dem Tode geben. Aber warum sollten wir uns hier in diesem Erdenleben darum kümmern? Wir werden ja sehen, wenn der Tod eingetreten ist, ob es ein solches Leben gibt. Und wenn wir hier auf der Erde uns nur mit dem beschäftigen, was uns die Erde gibt, und nicht weiter auf das Rücksicht nehmen, was nach dem Tode kommen soll, so kann uns doch nichts Besonderes entgehen. Denn wenn das Leben nach dem Tode etwas bieten mag, so werden wir es dann ja sehen!
Wie gesagt, man konnte oft und oft und kann auch heute noch in weiten Kreisen diese Redensart hören, und wenn sie so ausgesprochen wird — sie möchte fast in einer gewissen Beziehung annehmbar scheinen. Und doch: sie widerspricht vollständig den Tatsachen, die sich der geistigen Forschung ergeben, wenn man diejenigen Tatsachen geistig ins Auge faßt, welche sich in dem Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt abspielen. Wenn der Mensch durch die Pforte des Todes hindurchgegangen ist, dann tritt er ja in Beziehungen zu den verschiedensten Kräften und Wesenheiten. Der Mensch lebt sich sozusagen nicht nur in eine Summe von übersinnlichen Tatsachen ein, sondern er kommt in Berührung mit gewissen Kräften, ja mit Wesenheiten, die wir kennen und oft besprochen haben als die Wesenheiten der einzelnen höheren. Hierarchien. Fragen wir uns nun einmal, welche Bedeutung es für den Menschen beim Durchgange durch das Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt hat, mit diesen Kräften und Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien in Zusammenhang zu kommen.
Wir wissen, daß der Mensch, wenn er durch dieses Leben in der übersinnlichen Welt durchgegangen ist und durch eine neue Geburt wieder ins Dasein tritt, in einer gewissen Weise der Selbstaufbauer seiner Leiblichkeit, ja seines ganzen Geschickes in dem nächsten Leben wird. Innerhalb gewisser Grenzen formt und baut der Mensch seinen Leib bis in die Windungen seines Gehirns sich auf mit den Kräften, die er sich aus den geistigen Welten mitzubringen hat, wenn er durch die Geburt neuerdings ins physische Dasein tritt. Und hier im physischen Dasein hängt ja unser ganzes Leben davon ab, daß wir solche Formen, solche Ausgestaltungen unseres physischen Leibes haben, durch die wir mit der äußeren physischen Welt in Beziehung treten können, durch die wir in dieser äußeren physischen Welt handeln, uns betätigen können, ja, durch die wir in dieser äußeren physischen Welt denken können. Denn wenn wir hier in der physischen Welt nicht das entsprechend zugeformte Gehirn haben, welches wir uns, durchgehend durch die Geburt, aus den Kräften der übersinnlichen Welt heraus formen, so bleiben wir ja unzulänglich für das Leben in der physischen Welt. Wir sind für dieses Leben in der physischen Welt nur dann zulänglich, wenn wir uns solche Kräfte aus der geistigen Welt mitbringen, durch die wir uns einen dieser physischen Welt mit allen ihren Forderungen gewachsenen Leib aufbauen können. Die Kräfte, die übersinnlichen Kräfte, welche der Mensch braucht, um an seinem Leib und auch an seinem Schicksal zu formen, sie erhalten wir von jenen Wesenheiten und Kräften der höheren Hierarchien, mit denen wir zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt in Zusammenhang kommen. Was wir zum Aufbau unseres Lebens brauchen, das müssen wir uns also erwerben in der Zeit, die unserer Geburt vorangegangen ist seit dem letzten Tode. Wir müssen sozusagen zwischen dem Tode und der nächsten Geburt Schritt für Schritt an die entsprechenden Wesenheiten herantreten, die uns bescheren können, uns übergeben können die Kräfte, die wir dann, wenn wir wieder ins physische Dasein getreten sind, zu unserem Leben brauchen.
Nun können wir in einer zweifachen Weise in diesem Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt vor den Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien vorübergehen. Wir können so vor ihnen vorübergehen, daß wir sie erkennen, daß wir ihre Wesenheit, ihre Charaktereigenschaften verstehen, und daß wir entgegennehmen können, was sie uns zu geben vermögen, denn es ist ein Empfangen dessen von den höheren Hierarchien, was sie uns geben können, und was wir in dem folgenden Leben brauchen. Wir müssen in bezug auf das, was zu geben ist, in der Lage sein zu verstehen, ja auch nur zu sehen, wenn uns dies oder jenes gereicht wird, was wir dann brauchen können. Denn wir könnten auch so an diesen Wesenheiten vorübergehen, daß uns, bildlich gesprochen, die Hände dieser Wesen der höheren Hierarchien ihre Gaben reichen, die wir auch für unser Leben brauchten, daß wir sie aber nicht nehmen, weil es finster ist, geistig gesprochen, in dieser höheren Welt, durch die wir da durchgehen. Wir können also mit Verständnis durch diese Welt durchgehen, so daß wir gewahr werden, was uns von jenen Wesenheiten gereicht werden soll, oder wir können auch durch diese Welt mit Unverständnis durchgehen und nicht gewahr werden, was die Wesenheiten uns reichen wollen. Die Art nun, wie wir durchgehen, welche von den zwei Arten wir für den Durchgang zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt notwendigerweise wählen müssen, das wird vorherbestimmt durch die Nachwirkungen des vorangegangenen letzten und der früheren Erdenleben. Ein Mensch, der sich in dem letzten Erdenleben stumpf und ablehnend gegenüber allen Gedanken und Ideen verhalten hat, die uns als Aufklärungen über die übersinnliche Welt kommen können, ein solcher Mensch geht durch das Leben zwischen dem Tode und der neuen Geburt wie durch eine Welt von Finsternis hindurch. Denn das Licht, geistig gesprochen, welches wir brauchen, um zu erkennen, wie diese Wesenheiten an uns herantreten, um zu erkennen, welche Gaben wir von den einen oder anderen Wesenheiten zu unserm nächsten Leben empfangen sollen, das Licht des Verständnisses dafür können wir nicht in der übersinnlichen Welt selber erlangen, sondern das müssen wir hier in der physischen Erdenverkörperung erlangen. Wir gehen so durch das übersinnliche Leben bis zur nächsten Geburt, daß wir an allem vorübergehen, nichts erkennen und nirgends die Kräfte in Empfang nehmen, die wir zum nächsten Leben brauchen, wenn wir, durch die Pforte des Todes hindurchgehend, keine Ideen und Begriffe mitbringen, um sie in das spirituelle Leben zu tragen.
Daraus sehen wit, wie unmöglich es ist, zu sagen, man könne warten bis der Tod eintritt, denn dann werde sich zeigen, welche Tatsache oder ob überhaupt eine Wirklichkeit uns nach dem Tode entgegentrete. Wie wir uns dann zu dieser Wirklichkeit verhalten können, das hängt davon ab, ob wir uns hier im Erdenleben in unserer Seele empfangend oder ablehnend verhalten haben zu den Begriffen über die übersinnliche Welt, die wir haben erhalten können, und die das Licht sein müssen, durch das wir uns den Durchgang zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt beleuchten.
Noch ein anderes können wir aus dem Gesagten ersehen. Der Glaube, daß man sozusagen nur zu sterben brauche, um alles zu empfangen, was die übersinnliche Welt einem geben könne, wenn man es auch hier versäumt hat, sich auf sie vorzubereiten, dieser Glaube ist ganz falsch. Alle Welten haben ihre besondere Mission. Und was sich der Mensch in seiner Erdenverkörperung erwerben kann, das kann er sich in keiner der anderen Welten erwerben. Er kann zwischen dem Tode und der neuen Geburt unter allen Umständen in Gemeinschaft kommen mit den Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien. Um aber ihre Gaben entgegenzunehmen, um nicht im Finstern durch das Leben zu tappen oder doch in grausiger Einsamkeit, sondern um eine Beziehung zu den höheren Hierarchien und ihren Kräften anknüpfen zu können, dazu müssen hier im Erdenleben die Ideen und Begriffe erworben werden, die das Licht sind, um die höheren Hierarchien zu schauen. So geht ein Mensch, der es im Erdenleben, im heutigen Zeitenzyklus zum Beispiel verschmäht hat, sich spirituelle Begriffe anzueignen, wie in grausiger Einsamkeit durch das Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt, und in bezug auf das höhere Leben bedeutet grausige Einsamkeit eben im finstern tappen, und er bringt sich dann im nächsten Leben nicht die Kräfte mit, welche ihm in entsprechender Weise seinen Leib aufbauen und seine Werkzeuge zimmern sollen. Er kann sie nur in unvollkommener Gestalt aufbauen, und er wird daher ein unzulänglicher Mensch im nächsten Leben sein.
Wir sehen daraus, wie Karma von dem einen Leben zu dem nächsten hinüberwirkt. In dem einen Leben verschmäht es der Mensch durch seine Willkür, mit den geistigen Welten irgendwie seelisch einen Zusammenhang zu entwickeln; im nächsten Leben hat er keine Kräfte, um sich auch nur die Organe anzuschaffen, durch die er denken, fühlen, wollen könnte die Wahrheiten des geistigen Lebens. Dann bleibt er stumpf und unaufmerksam gegenüber den geistigen Verhältnissen, und es geht das geistige Leben wie im Traum an ihm vorüber, wie es ja bei so vielen Menschen der Fall ist. Er kann sich dann auf dem Erdenrund für die geistigen Welten nicht interessieren. Und wenn eine solche Seele dann neuerdings durch die Pforte des Todes geht, dann ist sie eine rechte Beute für die luziferischen Mächte, dann tritt Luzifer gerade an solche Seelen heran. Und das Eigenartige ist, daß in dem nächsten Leben in der geistigen Welt, in dem auf das stumpfe und unaufmerksame folgende, solchem Menschen sehr wohl die Wesenheiten und Tatsachen der höheren Hierarchien beleuchtet werden, aber jetzt nicht durch das, was er sich im Erdenleben erworben hat, sondern durch das Licht, welches ihm Luzifer in seine Seele hineinträufelt. Luzifer beleuchtet ihm jetzt die höhere Welt, wenn er durch das Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt durchgeht. Jetzt kann er zwar die höheren Hierarchien wahrnehmen, kann wahrnehmen, wenn sie ihm Kräfte reichen wollen. Aber daß Luzifer ihm das Licht dafür angesteckt hat, das gibt die besondere Nuance, die besondere Färbung; das macht alle Gaben dann von besonderer Art. Die Kräfte der höheren Hierarchien sind dann nicht so, wie der Mensch sie sonst hätte aufnehmen können, sondern sie werden so, daß er, wenn er ins nächste Leben eintritt, sich wohl seine Leiblichkeit formen und gestalten kann, aber er gestaltet sie dann so, daß er zu einem Menschen wird, der zwar jetzt der äußeren Welt und ihren Anforderungen gewachsen ist; aber in gewisser Beziehung ist dann ein solcher Mensch innerlich unzulänglich, weil er in seiner Seele durchsetzt und durchfärbt ist von Luzifers Gaben oder wenigstens von luziferisch gefärbten Gaben.
Wenn wir Menschen im Leben antreffen, welche ihre Leiblichkeit in der Weise zugearbeitet haben, daß sie ihren Verstand gut benutzen können, sich auch gewisse Geschicklichkeiten erwerben, durch die sie sich hochbringen können, es aber nur zu ihrem eigenen Vorteile tun, wenn sie ihre Gaben nur anwenden, um das zu erhaschen, was für sie und ihr Sein Bedeutung hat, wenn sie also recht rücksichtslos, trocken ihren Vorteil im Auge haben, wie es gerade in unserer Zeit recht viele Menschen gibt, dann findet der Seher sehr häufig, daß sie jene Vorgeschichte durchgemacht haben, welche eben charakterisiert worden ist. Sie wurden, bevor sie zu dem trockenen und verständigen und geschickten Leben gekommen sind, durch die Welt, welche zwischen dem Tode und der neuen Geburt verläuft, geführt von den luziferischen Wesenheiten; und diese konnten an sie herantreten, weil sie in der vorherigen Inkarnation stumpf und träumend durch das Leben gegangen waren. Dieses Stumpfsinnige und Träumerische aber hatten sie sich erworben, weil sie vorher durch ein Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt durchgegangen waren, wo sie sich in Finsternis durchtappten, durch ein Leben, in welchem ihnen die Geister der höheren Hierarchien die Kräfte zum Aufbau eines neuen Lebens geben sollten, die sie aber nicht richtig entgegennehmen konnten; und das wieder war geschehen, weil sie es vorher willkürlich abgelehnt hatten, sich mit den Ideen und Begriffen über eine geistige Welt zu befassen. Hier haben wir den karmischen Zusammenhang! Je nachdem, was im historischen Werdegang der Menschheit das Tatsächliche ist, vermannigfaltigen sich die Dinge, die jetzt dargestellt worden sind. Aber sie treten auf; sie treten nur zu häufig auf, wenn wir mit Hilfe der Geistesforschung in die höheren Welten eindringen und die Bedingungen der Menschenleben erkennend, vor das geistige Auge rücken.
So also ist es unrichtig zu sagen: Man braucht sich hier nur um das zu kümmern, was uns im irdischen Dasein umgibt, denn das Spätere wird sich schon zeigen. - Wie es sich zeigen wird, das hängt eben ganz davon ab, wie man sich hier dafür vorbereitet hat.
Auch ein anderes kann leicht eintreten. Und ich sage diese Dinge, damit uns durch das Verständnis für das Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt zugleich das Leben zwischen Geburt und Tod immer verständlicher werde.
Wir sehen in diesem Erdenleben, wenn wir es verständig betrachten, manche Menschen - insbesondere in unserer Zeit sind diese Menschen wieder sehr häufig -, die in einer gewissen Weise nur halb denken können, deren Logik überall stillesteht gegenüber der Wirklichkeit. Ein Beispiel sei angeführt. Ein im übrigen durchaus in seinen Bestrebungen ehrlicher freisinniger Prediger hat bei einer Gelegenheit im ersten Freidenkerkalender folgendes gesagt: Man solle den Kindern nicht religiöse Begriffe beibringen, denn das wäre unnatürlich. Wenn man die Kinder aufwachsen läßt, ohne daß man ihnen religiöse Begriffe einpfropft, dann sehen wir, daß sie von selbst nicht zu Begriffen kommen von Gott, Unsterblichkeit und so weiter. Daraus könnte man aber ersehen, daß solche Begriffe dem Menschen unnatürlich sind; und was dem Menschen unnatürlich ist, das dürfte man ihm auch nicht beibringen, sondern nur das, was man aus seiner eigenen Seele ihm herausholen kann. — Wie bei sehr vielen Dingen, so gibt es bei einem solchen Ausspruche tausend und aber tausend Menschen der Gegenwart, denen dies sehr klug, sehr scharfsinnig gedacht erscheint. Aber man braucht nur wirkliche Logik anzuwenden, dann findet man das Folgende. Man nehme einen Menschen, der noch nicht sprechen gelernt hat, setze ihn aus auf eine einsame Insel und sorge dafür, daß er keine Sprachlaute hören wird. Die Folge wird dann sein: er lernt nie sprechen. Und wer nun sagt, man dürfe dem Menschen keine religiösen Begriffe beibringen, der müßte logischerweise auch sagen, der Mensch solle nicht sprechen lernen, denn die Sprache vermittele sich nicht durch sich selbst. Der betreffende freireligiöse Prediger kann also den angeführten Gedanken nicht verbreiten durch seine Logik, denn er steht still mit seiner Logik vor den Tatsachen. Er kann nur einen kleinen Kreis damit umfassen und merkt nicht, daß der Gedanke, wenn man ihn überhaupt faßt, sich von selber aufhebt.
Wer sich im Leben umschaut, der findet dieses unzulängliche, halbe Denken weit verbreitet. Wenn man mit Hilfe übersinnlicher Forschung den Weg eines solchen Menschen zurückverfolgt und an den Gebieten ankommt, welche die Seele zwischen dem letzten Tode und der letzten Geburt durchlebt hat, wo er also in dieser Weise unlogisch geworden ist, dann findet der Seher oft, daß ein solcher Mensch im letzten Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt so durch die spirituelle Welt durchgegangen ist, daß er unter der Führung des Ahriman den höheren geistigen Wesenheiten und Kräften entgegengetreten ist, jenen Wesenheiten und Mächten, welche ihm das geben sollten, was er jetzt in diesem Leben brauchte, und die ihm nicht die Möglichkeit geben konnten, sich so auszubilden, daß er richtig denken kann. Ahriman war der Führer und Ahriman hat ihm die Möglichkeit gegeben, die Gaben der Wesenheiten und Mächte der höheren Hierarchien nur so zu empfangen, daß er im Leben überall mit seinem Denken stillesteht vor den wirklichen Tatsachen, daß er nirgends sein Denken so faßt, daß es in sich selbst geschlossen und gültig ist. Ein großer Teil derjenigen Menschen - und es sind eben ihrer über und über viele -, die heute nicht denken können, verdanken dies der Tatsache, daß sie in ihrem letzten Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt sich von Ahriman mußten begleiten lassen, weil sie sich dazu gewissermaßen geeignet gemacht haben durch ihr letztes Erdenleben, durch jenes Erdenleben, welches das vorangehende gegenüber dem jetzigen ist.
Und wie ist dieses Erdenleben verlaufen, wenn man es mit dem Blick des Sehers verfolgt?
Da findet man bei solchen Menschen, daß sie Hypochonder, mürrische Menschen gewesen sind, die nicht heran wollten an die Welt und ihre Tatsachen und Wesenheiten, denen es in einer gewissen Beziehung immer unbequem war, irgendein Verhältnis zur Umwelt zu gewinnen. Sehr häufig waren solche Menschen unerträgliche Hypochonder in ihrem vorhergehenden Leben. Würden sie in ihrer Körperkraft physisch untersucht worden sein, so würden sie solche physische Krankheiten gehabt haben, die man sehr häufig bei hypochondrisch veranlagten Naturen findet. Und wenn man dann weiter zurückgeht, zurückgeht zu dem früheren Leben zwischen Tod und Wiederverkörperung, das dem hypochondrischen Leben also vorangegangen ist, dann findet man, daß diese Menschen in jener Zeit wieder der richtigen Führung entbehren mußten, daß sie nicht ordentlich haben wahrnehmen können, was die Gaben der höheren Hierarchien hätten sein sollen. Und wie haben sie sich in dem drittletzten Leben hier auf der Erde so etwas zubereitet? Sie haben es dadurch sich zubereitet, daß sie damals eine gewisse, wenn auch durchaus religiös zu nennende Seelenstimmung entwickelt haben, aber nur aus Egoismus heraus. Sie waren Menschen, die nur aus Egoismus heraus fromme, vielleicht sogar mystische Naturen waren, wie ja sehr häufig Mystik aus Egoismus zustande kommt, in der Weise, daß der Mensch sagt: Ich suche in meinem Innern, um in meinem Innern den Gott zu erkennen. - Und wenn man dem nachgeht, was er dort sucht, so ist es nur das eigene Selbst, das er zum Gott macht. Bei vielen frommen Seelen findet man es, daß sie nur deshalb fromm sind, damit ihnen nach dem Tode diese oder jene geistige Stimmung blühe. Egoistische Seelenstimmung ist es, was sie sich auf diese Weise zubereitet haben.
Wenn wir also drei solcher Erdenleben mit Hilfe der Geistesforschung verfolgen, so finden wir in dem ersten als Grundstimmung in der Seele egoistische Mystik, egoistische Religiosität. Und wenn wir heute Menschen betrachten, die sich in der gekennzeichneten Weise dem Leben gegenüber verhalten, so kommen wir ja durch die geistige Forschung in die Zeiten zurück, in welchen in Hülle und Fülle Seelen da waren, die eigentlich nur aus vollem Egoismus heraus eine religiöse Stimmung entwickelten. Sie gingen dann durch ein Dasein zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt, ohnmächtig von den geistigen Wesenheiten die Gaben zu empfangen, die ihnen das nächste Leben richtig gestalten sollten. Dann wurde das nächste Leben ein mürrisches, ein hypochondrisches, wo ihnen alles zuwider war. Dadurch wieder bereiteten sie sich dazu vor, daß nun, wenn sie durch die Pforte des Todes gegangen sind, Ahriman und dessen Scharen ihre Führer waren und sie solche Kräfte bekamen, wodurch sie in dem nun folgenden Erdenleben eine mangelhafte Logik, ein kurzsichtiges, stumpfes Denken zeigen.
So haben wir den andern Fall von drei aufeinanderfolgenden Inkarnationen. Und wir sehen immer wieder und wieder, wie es Unsinn ist zu glauben, daß man warten könne bis der Tod an einen herantritt, um zur übersinnlichen Welt in Beziehung zu kommen. Ja, wie man nach dem Tode in Beziehung zur übersinnlichen Welt kommt, das hängt eben ab von den inneren Seelenneigungen und Interessen, die man sich hier gegenüber der übersinnlichen Welt angeeignet hat. Es hängen nicht nur die aufeinanderfolgenden Erdenleben zusammen wie Ursache und Wirkungen — sondern auch die Leben hier zwischen Geburt und Tod und die Leben zwischen dem Tode und der neuen Geburt hängen in gewisser Beziehung zusammen wie Ursachen und Wirkungen. Wir können dies aus dem Folgenden sehen.
Wenn der Seher den Blick in die übersinnliche Welt hinaufrichtet, wo sich die Seelen nach dem Tode aufhalten, so findet er dort Seelen, welche in einem gewissen Abschnitte dieses Lebens zwischen "Tod und neuer Geburt - man macht ja in diesem langen Zeitraume viele Erlebnisse durch, und es können bei solchen Beschreibungen immer nur Teile geschildert werden — Diener sind derjenigen Mächte, die wir nennen die Herren alles gesunden, sprießenden und sprossenden Lebens auf der Erde. Wir finden unter den verstorbenen Menschen durchaus solche, welche eine gewisse Zeit hindurch in der übersinnlichen Welt mitwirken an der wunderbaren Aufgabe - denn es ist eine wunderbare Aufgabe -, in die physische Welt hineinzugießen, hineinzuträufeln alles, was die Wesen der Erde in ihrer Gesundheit fördern kann, was sie zum Blühen und Gedeihen bringen kann. Wie wir durch gewisse Bedingungen Diener der bösen Mächte von Krankheit und Unglück werden können, so können wir Diener werden derjenigen geistigen Wesenheiten, welche Gesundheit und Wachstum befördern, die in unsere Welt blühendes Leben befördernde Kräfte aus der geistigen Welt hereinsenden. Denn das ist ja nur ein materialistischer Aberglaube, daß die physische Hygiene, die äußeren Einrichtungen allein das Gesundheitfördernde sind. Alles, was im physischen Leben geschieht, wird dirigiert durch die Wesenheiten und Mächte der höheren Welten, die ihre Kräfte fortwährend in die physische Welt hineinsenden, sie hineinträufeln, die Kräfte, die in einer gewissen Weise frei wirken, oder auf Menschen oder andere Wesen wirken als Gesundheit fördernde oder als Gesundheit und Wachstum schädigende. — Leitend in bezug auf diese Vorgänge in Gesundheit und Krankheit sind gewisse geistige Mächte und Wesenheiten. Aber der Mensch wird im Leben zwischen dem Tode und der neuen Geburt Mitarbeiter dieser Mächte; und wir können, wenn wir uns in der richtigen Weise dazu vorbereitet haben, die Seligkeit genießen, daran mitzuarbeiten, die Gesundheit und Wachstum fördernden Kräfte aus den höheren Welten in diese unsere physische Welt hineinzuträufeln. Und wenn der Seher verfolgt, wodurch sich solche Seelen dies verdient haben, so merkt er: Im physischen Erdenleben können die Menschen in zweifacher Art das vollbringen und denken, was sie vollbringen und denken wollen.
Sehen wir uns einmal das Leben an. Wir sehen zahlreiche Menschen, die machen ihre Arbeit, wie es ihnen vorgeschrieben ist durch ihr Amt oder durch dieses oder jenes. Aber wenn auch nicht der radikale Fall eintritt, daß solche Menschen ihrer Arbeit gegenüber leben wie das Tier, das zur Schlachtbank geführt wird, so könnte man doch sagen, sie arbeiten, weil sie müssen. Sie würden auch nie ihre Pflicht versäumen — gewiß, das kann alles sein! In gewisser Beziehung kann das beim heutigen Menschheitszyklus auch gar nicht anders sein in bezug auf das, was die Pflicht fordert und wofür der Mensch keinen anderen Antrieb hat, als daß es die Pflicht fordert. Das soll durchaus nicht so gesagt sein, als wenn die Pflichtarbeit in Grund und Boden hinein kritisiert werden soll! So darf es nicht aufgefaßt werden; die Erdentwickelung ist eben so, daß gerade diese Seite des Lebens immer mehr und mehr Ausbreitung gewinnt. Das wird in Zukunft nicht etwa besser sein: die Verrichtungen, welche die Menschen werden tun müssen, werden sich immer mehr und mehr komplizieren, insofern sie das äußere Leben betreffen, und immer mehr und mehr werden die Menschen verurteilt sein, nur das zu tun und zu denken, wozu sie durch die Pflicht getrieben werden. Aber wir haben es heute schon — und werden es immer mehr haben -, daß es Menschen gibt, die ihre Arbeit nur deshalb tun, weil sie durch die Pflicht getrieben werden, und daß es dagegen andere Menschen geben wird, die sich eine Gesellschaft wie die unserige aufsuchen, wo sie auch etwas vollbringen können, nicht aus äußerem Pflichtgefühl, wie im äußeren Leben, sondern etwas, wozu sie Hingabe, Enthusiasmus haben. Daher können wir die Arbeit nach der Seite hin ins Auge fassen: ob sie gleichsam eine Arbeit des äußeren Vollbringens und des Denkens aus Pflicht ist, oder eine Arbeit, die mit Enthusiasmus, mit Hingabe aus innerstem Triebe der Seele verrichtet wird, wozu nichts treibt als die Seele selber. Diese Stimmung der Seele: nicht bloß aus Pflicht, sondern aus Liebe, aus Neigung, aus Hingabe zu denken und zu tun, diese Stimmung bereitet die Seele dazu vot, ein Diener der guten Mächte von Gesundheit, von allen heilsamen Kräften zu werden, die aus der übersinnlichen Welt in unsere physische Welt hinuntergeschickt werden, ein Diener von allem Sprießenden und Sprossenden, Gedeihenden zu werden und die Seligkeit zu empfinden, die man dadurch empfinden kann.
Es ist für das Gesamtleben des Menschen außerordentlich wichtig, dies zu wissen. Denn dadurch allein, daß er sich im Leben solche Kräfte erwirbt, welche ihn fähig machen, mit den betreffenden Mächten zusammenzukommen, dadurch allein kann der Mensch geistig mitarbeiten an einer immer weitergehenden Gesundung, an einem immer weitergehenden Gedeihen der Erdenverhältnisse.
Und noch einen anderen Fall können wir betrachten. Nehmen wir einen Menschen, der sich Mühe gibt, der Umgebung und ihren Anforderungen sich anzupassen. Das ist nicht bei allen Menschen der Fall. Es gibt solche, die sich keine Mühe geben, um sich in die Welt hineinzufinden; es gibt Menschen, die sich sowohl im geistigen wie im äußeren leiblichen Leben nicht in die Verhältnisse hineinfinden können. So haben wir zum Beispiel Menschen, die einmal an der Anschlagsäule einen Zettel lesen, daß da oder dort ein anthroposophischer Vortrag stattfindet; da gehen sie auch einmal hinein, aber kaum sind sie drinnen, da schlafen sie schon. Ihre Seele kann sich nicht an die Umgebung anpassen, stimmt nicht dazu. Mir sind Männer bekannt geworden, die sich nicht selber einen Knopf, der ihnen abgerissen ist, annähen können; das heißt aber, sie können sich nicht den äußeren physischen Verhältnissen anpassen. Und so können wir tausend und aber tausend Arten des geschickten oder ungeschickten Sich-Hineinfindens in das Leben anführen. Von solchen Dingen hängt mancherlei ab, ich habe das schon gesagt. Jetzt wollen wir nur das anführen, was davon abhängt für das Leben zwischen dem Tode und der neuen Geburt.
Alles wird Ursache, und aus allem gehen Wirkungen hervor. Ein Mensch, der sich bemüht, sich seiner Umgebung einzugliedern, der sich also auch einmal selber einen Knopf annähen kann oder sich etwas anzuhören vermag, was ihm ungewohnt ist, so daß er nicht gleich dabei einschläft, ein solcher bereitet sich dadurch dazu vor, nach dem Tode ein Mitarbeiter, ein Helfer derjenigen Geister zu werden, welche den menschlichen Fortschritt fördern, welche die spirituellen Mächte und Kräfte hereinsenden auf die Erde, um menschlichen Fortschritt und fortschreitendes Leben zu fördern, Leben, welches von Zeitalter zu Zeitalter fortschreitet. Nur dadurch können wir uns die Seligkeit nach dem Tode erwerben, auf das irdische Leben, wie es fortschreitet, hinunterzuschauen und mitzuarbeiten an den Kräften, die immer hinuntergesendet werden auf die Erde, damit Fortschritt sein kann, wenn wir uns hier im Leben bemühen, uns den Verhältnissen anzupassen, uns in die Umgebung hineinzufinden. Karma wird erst dann in der richtigen umfassenden Weise verstanden, wenn wir in die Lage kommen, es in seinen Einzelheiten zu betrachten, in jenen Einzelheiten, die uns zeigen, in wie mannigfaltiger Art Ursachen und Wirkungen zusammenhängen hier in der physischen Welt, in der geistigen Welt und im Gesamtdasein.
Es ist damit wiederum ein Licht geworfen auf die Tatsache, daß unser Leben’ in den geistigen Welten davon abhängt, wie wir das Leben im physischen Leibe zubringen. Denn, wie gesagt, alle Welten haben ihre besondere Mission, und nicht zwei Welten haben eine gleiche Mission im Dasein. Was in einer Welt die charakteristischen Erscheinungen, die charakteristischen Erlebnisse sind, das sind nicht auch die charakteristischen Erscheinungen und Erlebnisse in einer anderen Welt. Und wenn ein Wesen zum Beispiel diejenigen Dinge aufnehmen soll, die es nur auf der Erde aufnehmen kann, so muß es sie eben auf der Erde aufnehmen. Und versäumt es dies, so kann es die Aufnahme nicht in einer anderen Welt besorgen. Das zeigt sich insbesondere bei einer Sache, die wir eigentlich schon berührt haben, bei der es aber gut ist, sie besonders tief in unsere Seele zu schreiben: das zeigt sich bei der Aufnahme gewisser Begriffe und Ideen, die der Mensch gerade für sein Gesamtleben braucht. Nehmen wir ein uns naheliegendes Beispiel: die in unserem Zeitalter berechtigte und wirksame Anthroposophie. Die Menschen eignen sie sich so an, daß sie zunächst auf der Erde leben und auf die Ihnen bekannte Art an die Anthroposophie herantreten und sie in sich aufnehmen. Es könnte nun auch hier leicht der Glaube entstehen, es sei doch nicht notwendig, hier auf der Erde Anthroposophie zu treiben, sondern: wie es in den geistigen Welten aussieht, das wird man schon zu lernen imstande sein, wenn man durch die Pforte des Todes hindurchgeschritten ist; da werden sich auch geistige Lehrer der höheren Hierarchien finden, welche diese Dinge an die Seele heranbringen können!
Nun besteht die Tatsache, daß der Mensch mit seiner ganzen Seele nach den Entwickelungen, die er bis zum gegenwärtigen Menschheitszyklus durchgemacht hat, jetzt dazu vorbereitet ist, eben einmal auf der Erde an die Art anthroposophischen Lebens heranzutreten, an die man nur herantreten kann, weil man im physischen Leibe lebt, weil man das physische Leben mitmacht. Dazu ist der Mensch vorbestimmit. Und macht er es nicht mit, so kann er zu keiner der geistigen Wesenheiten Beziehungen entwickeln, die diese zu seinem Lehrer machen. Man kann nicht einfach sterben und dann nach dem Tode einen Lehrer finden, der einem ersetzen könnte, was hier im physischen Erdenleben als Anthroposophie an die Seelen herantreten kann. Wir brauchen nicht deshalb zu trüben Gedanken zu kommen, weil wir sehen, daß viele Menschen die Anthroposophie verschmähen, und wir nun voraussetzen müssen, daß sie sich dieselbe zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt nicht aneignen können. Wir brauchen deshalb nicht zu verzweifeln, denn diese Menschen werden in einem neuen Erdenleben geboren werden und dann wird schon genügend anthroposophische Anregung und Anthroposophie auf der Erde vorhanden sein, so daß sie diese dann aufnehmen können. Für die heutige Zeit ist Verzweiflung noch nicht am Platze - was nun aber keinen dazu bringen soll, zu sagen: Ich kann die Anthroposophie im folgenden Leben aufnehmen; jetzt kann ich es mir noch sparen! - Nein, auch das kann nicht nachgeholt werden, was hier versäumt wird. Als unsere deutsche theosophische Bewegung ganz im Anfange war, sprach ich einmal in einem Vortrage über Nietzsche von gewissen Dingen der höheren Welten. In den Zusammenhang, in welchem das damals gesprochen wurde, waren Diskussionen eingefügt. Während derselben stand jemand auf und sagte: Eine solche Sache muß man immer an der Kantschen Philosophie prüfen, und da kommt man doch darauf, daß man all diese Dinge hier nicht wissen kann; denn erst dann kann man darüber etwas wissen, wenn man gestorben sein wird. - Ganz wörtlich sagte das der Betreffende damals. Nun, so ist es nicht, daß man bloß sterben braucht, um irgendwelche Dinge zu erfahren. Man erfährt, wenn man durch die Pforte des Todes geht, die Dinge nicht, für die man sich nicht vorbereitet hat. Das Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt ist durchaus eine Fortsetzung des Lebens hier, wie wir an den schon vorgebrachten Beispielen gesehen haben. Daher können wir von den Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien nach dem Tode als Menschen dasjenige, was wir dadurch erlangen können, daß wir überhaupt Anthroposoph werden, nur dadurch erlangen, daß wir uns hier auf der Erde dazu vorbereitet haben. Unser Zusammenhang mit der Erde, unser Durchgang durch das Erdenleben hat eben eine Bedeutung, die durch nichts ersetzt werden kann.
Eine Art von Vermittelung kann allerdings gerade auf diesem Gebiete eintreten. Ich habe auch darüber schon gesprochen. Ein Mensch kann dahinsterben und er kann während seines Erdenlebens nichts von Geisteswissenschaft erfahren haben; aber sein Bruder, seine Gattin oder ein nahestehender Freund ist Anthroposoph. Der Verstorbene hat sich hier während seines Lebens geweigert, etwas von Anthroposophie zu erfahren; er hat vielleicht nur darüber geschimpft. Nun ist er durch die Pforte des Todes gegangen. Da kann er dann durch die anderen Persönlichkeiten auf der Erde mit der Anthroposophie vertraut gemacht werden. Aber wir schen auch dabei, daß jemand auf der Erde da ist und es dem andern aus Liebe gibt, so daß also auch hier der Zusammenhang mit dem Irdischen gewahrt werden muß. Darauf beruht das, was ich genannt habe « Vorlesen den Toten». Wir können ihnen damit eine große Wohltat erweisen, wenn sie auch vorher nichts von der geistigen Welt wissen wollten. Wir können es entweder so machen, daß wir es in Gedankenform tun und auf diese Weise die Toten unterrichten, oder wir können uns ein anthroposophisches Buch oder dergleichen nehmen, uns die Persönlichkeit des Toten vorstellen und ihm dann aus dem Buche vorlesen. Dann vernehmen es die Toten. Gerade durch solche Dinge haben wir in unserer anthroposophischen Bewegung große, schöne Beispiele erlebt von dem, was wir den Toten angedeihen lassen können. Viele unserer Freunde lesen ihren Toten vor. -— Man kann auch die Erfahrung machen, die ich kürzlich machen konnte, daß mich jemand um einen kurz vorher dahingestorbenen Toten fragte, weil sich dieser durch allerlei Anzeichen, besonders während der Nacht, bemerkbar machte, durch Unruhe im Zimmer, Poltern und so weiter. Man kann daraus oft den Schluß ziehen, daß der Tote etwas haben will. In diesem Falle stellte sich in der Tat heraus, daß der Tote Sehnsucht hatte, irgend etwas zu erfahren. Der Betreffende war im Leben ein gelehrter Mann gewesen, aber er hatte vorher alles abgelehnt, was als Wissen über die geistige Welt an ihn herankam. Jetzt konnte man heraushören, daß ihm eine große Wohltat erwiesen würde, wenn man ihm zum Beispiel einen ganz bestimmten Vortragszyklus vorlesen würde, weil darin die Dinge besprochen sind, nach denen er sozusagen lechzte. So kann über den Tod hinaus in einer ungeheuer bedeutungsvollen Weise Abhilfe geschaffen werden für etwas, was auf der Erde versäumt worden ist.
Das ist es, was uns so recht die große, bedeutungsvolle Mission der Anthroposophie nahebringt, daß die Anthroposophie den Abgrund überbrücken wird zwischen den Lebenden und den Toten, daß die Menschen nicht dahinsterben, als wenn sie von uns fortgehen, sondern daß wir mit ihnen in Verbindung bleiben und für sie tätig sein können. Wenn jemand fragt, ob man denn immer wissen könne, ob der Tote uns auch zuhöre, so muß gesagt werden, daß auf der einen Seite die Menschen, die so etwas mit wirklicher Hingabe tun, nach einiger Zeit aus der Art, wie die Gedanken in ihrer eigenen Seele leben, die sie dem Toten vorlesen, wirklich merken werden, daß der Tote sie umschwebt. Aber das ist immerhin eine Empfindung, die nur feiner beobachtende Seelen haben können. Das Ärgste, was passieren kann, ist, daß eine solche Sache, die ein großer Liebesdienst sein kann, eben nicht angehört wird; dann hat man sie für den Betreffenden unnötig gemacht. Vielleicht aber hat sie dann im Weltenzusammenhange noch eine andere Bedeutung. Man sollte sich aber um einen solchen Mißerfolg nicht viel kümmern, denn es kommt doch vor, daß man hier einer Anzahl von Menschen etwas vorliest — und sie einem auch nicht zuhören.
Diese Dinge können den Ernst und die Würde der Anthroposophie in die richtigen Begriffe bringen. Immer aber müssen wir sagen, daß die Art, wie wir in der geistigen Welt nach dem Tode leben werden, ganz abhängen wird von der Art, wie wir hier auf der Erde gelebt haben. Auch das Zusammenleben mit anderen Menschen in der geistigen Welt hängt davon ab, was wir hier für eine Beziehung zu ihnen gesucht haben. Mit einem Menschen, zu dem wir hier keine Beziehung angeknüpft haben, können wir nicht ohne weiteres in der andern Welt, zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt, eine Beziehung anknüpfen. Die Möglichkeit, zu ihm hingeführt zu werden, mit ihm in der geistigen Welt zusammenzusein, erwirbt man sich gewöhnlich in der Regel durch das, was hier auf der Erde angeknüpft worden ist, allerdings nicht bloß durch das, was in der letzten, sondern auch was in früheren Inkarnationen angeknüpft worden ist.
Kurz, sachliche und persönliche Verhältnisse, die wir auf der Erde geschaffen haben, sind das Bestimmende für das Leben zwischen dem Tode und der neuen Geburt. Es treten Ausnahmefälle ein, aber die sind eben dann Ausnahmefälle. Und wenn Sie sich an das erinnern, was ich in der Weihnachtszeit hier über den Buddha und seine jetzige Mission auf dem Mars gesagt habe, so haben Sie gerade an der Gestalt des Buddha einen solchen Ausnahmefall. Es gibt zahlreiche Seelen auf der Erde, die in den Mysterieninspirationen dem Buddha - oder auch vorher in seinem Bodhisattva-Dasein — persönlich gegenübergetreten sind. Aber weil Buddha als der Sohn des Suddhodana seine letzte Erdenverkörperung durchgemacht hat, und dann das, was ich geschildert habe als sein Wirken im Ätherleibe, und jetzt seine Tätigkeit nach dem Mars verlegt hat, deshalb ist nun die Möglichkeit gegeben, auch wenn wir vorher nicht mit dem Buddha zusammengekommen sind, mit ihm im Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt in ein Verhältnis zu kommen; und was dieses Verhältnis ergibt, das bringen wir dann wieder in die nächste Erdeninkarnation herein. Das ist aber der Ausnahmefall. In der Regel finden wir nach dem Tode diejenigen Menschen, mit denen wir hier Beziehungen und Verhältnisse anknüpften, und setzen diese Verhältnisse und Beziehungen nach dem Tode fort.
Diese Auseinandersetzungen, die an das anknüpfen, was über das Leben zwischen dem Tode und der neuen Geburt im Verlaufe dieses Winters gegeben worden ist, sind mit dem Ziele und der Perspektive gesagt, zu zeigen, wie Anthroposophie dem Menschen nur etwas Halbes ist, wenn sie eine Theorie und eine äußere Wissenschaft bleibt, wie sie erst dann das ist, was sie sein soll, wenn sie wie ein Lebenselixier die Seelen durchdringt, so daß die Seelen vollkommen darleben, was an den Menschen empfindungsgemäß herantritt, wenn er zu den höheren Welten in ein Erkenntnisverhältnis tritt. Der Tod, er tritt dann für den Menschen nicht so auf wie etwas, was persönliche menschliche Verhältnisse zerstört. Der Abgrund zwischen dem Leben hier auf der Erde und dem Leben nach dem Tode wird überwunden, viele Tätigkeiten werden sich in der Zukunft entfalten, die unter diesem Gesichtspunkte vollzogen werden. Hereinwirken werden die Toten ins Leben, die Lebenden in das Reich der Toten.
Und nun möchte ich, daß sich Ihre Seelen ein wenig darein vertiefen, wie das Leben reicher, voller, geistiger wird, wenn alles wirklich durch die Anthroposophie geschieht. Nur wer so Anthroposophie empfinden kann, der empfindet richtig gegenüber der Anthroposophie. Das ist nicht die Hauptsache, daß wir wissen: Der Mensch besteht aus physischem Leib, Ätherleib, Astralleib und Ich, er geht durch verschiedene Inkarnationen durch, die Erde hat während ihres Daseins verschiedene Inkarnationen durchgemacht, das Saturndasein, das Sonnendasein, das Mondendasein. — Das zu wissen ist nicht die Hauptsache; das Wichtigste und Wesentliche ist, daß wir unser Leben durch die Anthroposophie in einer solchen Weise umgestalten können, wie es die Zukunft der Erde erfordert. Das können wir nicht tief genug empfinden, und nicht oft genug können wir uns in dieser Beziehung anregen. Denn die Empfindungen, die wir unter der Anregung der Erkenntnis der übersinnlichen Welt von unsern Versammlungen mitnehmen, und mit denen wir dann durch das Leben schreiten, sie sind das Wichtige im anthroposophischen Leben. Daher genügt es nicht, wenn wir in der Anthroposophie nur wissen, sondern in der Anthroposophie wissen wir empfindend, und empfinden wir wissend. Nur haben wir zu begreifen, wie falsch es ist, ohne etwas von der Welt zu wissen, glauben zu können, daß man der Welt gerecht werden kann. Wahr ist das Wort, das Leonardo da Vinci gesagt hat: Die große Liebe ist die Tochter der großen Erkenntnis. Und wer nicht erkennen will, der lernt auch nicht im wirklichen Sinne lieben.
So, in diesem Sinne, soll Anthroposophie zunächst in unsere Seele kommen, damit von diesem Einflusse, von uns ausgehend, immer mehr und mehr in der Erdentwickelung eine Strömung beginne, eine geistige Strömung, welche Geist und Physis zu einer Harmonie gestalten wird. Dann wird die Zeit kommen, in welcher die Menschen auf der Erde zwar noch materiell leben werden — und das äußere Erdenleben wird immer materieller und materieller werden -, aber der Mensch wird über die Erde schreiten und in seiner Seele den Zusammenhang mit der höheren Welt tragen. Außen wird das Erdenleben immer materieller werden — das ist das Erdenkarma -, doch in demselben Maße als das Erdenleben außen materieller wird, müssen, wenn die Erdentwickelung ihr Ziel erreichen soll, die Seelen innen immer spiritueller und spiritueller werden. Wie sich diese Aufgabe gestaltet, dazu wollte ich durch die heutige Betrachtung wieder einen kleinen Beitrag geben.
Ninth Lecture
In the period when materialism flourished mainly in theory, that is, in the middle and partly also in the last decades of the 19th century, when the writings of Büchner or Vogt, the so-called “fat” Vogts, had made a deep impression on wide circles of people who considered themselves enlightened at the time, one often heard a phrase—a phrase that can still be heard today, since the stragglers of that theoretical materialism still exist in certain worldview groups, so to speak. If people do not want to reject any kind of life after death outright, if they are willing to admit that there may be life after death, they say: Well, yes, there may be such a life after death. But why should we concern ourselves with it here in this earthly life? We will see when death comes whether such a life exists. And if we here on earth concern ourselves only with what the earth gives us and do not take any further account of what is to come after death, then nothing special can escape us. For if life after death has something to offer, we will see it then!
As I said, one could hear this saying often and often, and one can still hear it today in wide circles, and when it is expressed in this way, it almost seems acceptable in a certain sense. And yet it completely contradicts the facts that spiritual research has revealed when one considers spiritually those facts that take place in the life between death and rebirth. When a person passes through the gate of death, they enter into relationships with a wide variety of forces and beings. The human being does not, so to speak, simply live into a sum of supersensible facts, but comes into contact with certain forces, indeed with beings, which we know and have often discussed as the beings of the individual higher hierarchies. Let us now ask ourselves what significance it has for human beings, as they pass through the life between death and rebirth, to come into contact with these forces and beings of the higher hierarchies.
We know that when a person has passed through this life in the supersensible world and enters existence again through a new birth, they become, in a certain sense, the self-builder of their physical body, indeed of their entire destiny in the next life. Within certain limits, human beings shape and build their bodies, down to the convolutions of their brains, with the forces they bring with them from the spiritual worlds when they enter physical existence anew through birth. And here in physical existence, our entire life depends on our having such forms, such configurations of our physical body, through which we can enter into relationship with the external physical world, through which we can act and be active in this external physical world, indeed, through which we can think in this external physical world. For if we do not have the appropriately formed brain here in the physical world, which we form throughout our birth from the forces of the supersensible world, we remain inadequate for life in the physical world. We are only adequate for this life in the physical world if we bring with us from the spiritual world those forces through which we can build a body that is equal to this physical world with all its demands. The forces, the supersensible forces that human beings need in order to shape their bodies and their destinies, we receive from those beings and forces of the higher hierarchies with which we come into contact between death and rebirth. What we need to build our lives, we must therefore acquire in the time that preceded our birth, since our last death. Between death and the next birth, we must, so to speak, approach step by step the appropriate beings who can bestow upon us the forces we need for our life once we have reentered physical existence.
Now, in this life between death and rebirth, we can pass before the beings of the higher hierarchies in two ways. We can pass by them in such a way that we recognize them, understand their nature and character traits, and are able to accept what they are able to give us, for it is a reception from the higher hierarchies of what they can give us and what we will need in the next life. We must be able to understand, or even just see, what is to be given, when this or that is offered to us, which we may then need. For we could also pass by these beings in such a way that, figuratively speaking, the hands of these beings of the higher hierarchies offer us the gifts we need for our lives, but we do not take them because it is dark, spiritually speaking, in this higher world through which we are passing. We can therefore pass through this world with understanding, so that we become aware of what is to be given to us by those beings, or we can pass through this world with incomprehension and not become aware of what the beings want to give us. The way in which we pass through, which of the two ways we must necessarily choose for the passage between death and new birth, is predetermined by the after-effects of the previous last and earlier earthly lives. A person who, in their last earthly life, was dull and dismissive of all thoughts and ideas that could come to us as enlightenment about the supersensible world, such a person passes through the life between death and new birth as if through a world of darkness. For the light, spiritually speaking, which we need in order to recognize how these beings approach us, in order to recognize which gifts we are to receive from one or other of these beings for our next life, the light of understanding for this, we cannot attain in the supersensible world itself, but must attain here in our physical embodiment on earth. We go through the supersensible life until the next birth in such a way that we pass everything by, recognize nothing, and receive nowhere the forces we need for the next life if, passing through the gate of death, we bring with us no ideas or concepts to carry into spiritual life.
From this we see how impossible it is to say that we can wait until death comes, for then it will become clear what reality, if any, will meet us after death. How we can then relate to this reality depends on whether we have behaved receptively or rejectingly in our soul during our earthly life toward the concepts about the supersensible world that we have been able to receive and that must be the light through which we illuminate the passage between death and new birth.
We can see something else from what has been said. The belief that one need only die, so to speak, in order to receive everything that the supersensible world can give one, even if one has failed to prepare oneself for it here, is completely wrong. All worlds have their special mission. And what a person can acquire in their earthly incarnation cannot be acquired in any of the other worlds. Between death and rebirth, they can, under all circumstances, come into contact with the beings of the higher hierarchies. But in order to receive their gifts, in order not to grope through life in darkness or in terrible loneliness, but to be able to establish a relationship with the higher hierarchies and their forces, it is necessary to acquire here in earthly life the ideas and concepts that are the light for seeing the higher hierarchies. Thus, a person who has spurned in earthly life, in the present cycle of time, for example, has spurned the acquisition of spiritual concepts, will go through life between death and rebirth in terrible loneliness, and in relation to the higher life, terrible loneliness means groping in darkness, and he will not bring with him into the next life the forces that are needed to build his body and shape his tools in the appropriate way. He can only build them in an imperfect form, and he will therefore be an inadequate human being in the next life.
We can see from this how karma carries over from one life to the next. In one life, man, through his arbitrariness, spurns the opportunity to develop any kind of spiritual connection with the spiritual worlds; in the next life, he has no strength to acquire even the organs through which he could think, feel, and will the truths of spiritual life. Then they remain dull and inattentive to spiritual conditions, and spiritual life passes them by as if in a dream, as is the case with so many people. They are then unable to take an interest in the spiritual worlds while on earth. And when such a soul then passes through the gate of death again, it is easy prey for the Luciferic powers; Lucifer approaches such souls in particular. And the peculiar thing is that in the next life in the spiritual world, following the dull and inattentive one, the beings and facts of the higher hierarchies are very well illuminated to such people, but now not through what they have acquired in earthly life, but through the light that Lucifer instills into their souls. Lucifer now illuminates the higher world for him as he passes through the life between death and rebirth. Now he can perceive the higher hierarchies, he can perceive when they want to give him strength. But the fact that Lucifer has kindled the light for him gives it a special nuance, a special coloring; this makes all gifts of a special kind. The powers of the higher hierarchies are then not as human beings would otherwise have been able to receive them, but they become such that when he enters the next life, he can indeed form and shape his physical body, but he shapes it in such a way that he becomes a human being who is now equal to the outer world and its demands; but in a certain respect such a human being is then inwardly inadequate, because his soul is permeated and colored by Lucifer's gifts, or at least by gifts colored by Lucifer.
When we meet people in life who have worked on their physicality in such a way that they can use their intellect well and also acquire certain skills through which they can raise themselves up, but do so only for their own advantage, if they use their gifts only to snatch what is important to them and their existence, if they are therefore quite ruthless and dryly have their own advantage in view, as is the case with quite a few people in our time, then the seer very often finds that they have gone through the kind of past life that has just been characterized. Before they came to lead a dry, understanding, and skillful life, they were led through the world that lies between death and rebirth by the Luciferic beings; and these were able to approach them because they had gone through their previous incarnation in a dull and dreamy state. However, they had acquired this dullness and dreaminess because they had previously passed through a life between death and rebirth, where they groped their way through darkness, through a life in which the spirits of the higher hierarchies were supposed to give them the powers to build a new life, but which they were unable to receive properly; and this had happened because they had previously arbitrarily refused to concern themselves with ideas and concepts about a spiritual world. Here we have the karmic connection! Depending on what is actual in the historical development of humanity, the things that have now been described multiply. But they do occur; they occur only too frequently when we penetrate into the higher worlds with the help of spiritual research and, recognizing the conditions of human life, bring them before the spiritual eye.So it is wrong to say: We need only concern ourselves with what surrounds us in earthly existence, for what comes later will reveal itself. How it will reveal itself depends entirely on how we have prepared ourselves here.
Something else can easily happen. And I say these things so that, through understanding the life between death and new birth, the life between birth and death may become ever more comprehensible to us.
If we look at this earthly life intelligently, we see many people—especially in our time, when such people are once again very common—who, in a certain sense, can only think halfway, whose logic is completely at odds with reality. Let me give an example. A liberal preacher, who was otherwise quite honest in his endeavors, said the following on one occasion in the first Freidenkerkalender (Freethinker's Almanac): One should not teach children religious concepts, because that would be unnatural. If we let children grow up without instilling religious concepts in them, we see that they do not come to concepts of God, immortality, and so on by themselves. From this one could conclude that such concepts are unnatural to human beings; and what is unnatural to human beings should not be taught to them, but only what can be drawn from their own souls. As with so many things, there are thousands upon thousands of people today who consider such a statement to be very clever and very astute. But one need only apply real logic to find the following. Take a human being who has not yet learned to speak, put him on a desert island, and make sure that he hears no speech sounds. The result will be that he never learns to speak. And anyone who says that human beings should not be taught religious concepts must logically also say that human beings should not learn to speak, because language cannot be learned by itself. The free-thinking preacher in question cannot therefore spread the idea he has put forward through his logic, because his logic stands still in the face of the facts. He can only reach a small circle of people with it and does not realize that the idea, if it can be grasped at all, cancels itself out.
Anyone who looks around in life will find this inadequate, half-baked thinking widespread. If, with the help of supersensible research, one traces the path of such a person and arrives at the realms that the soul has passed through between its last death and its last birth, where it has thus become illogical, then the seer often finds that in their last life between death and rebirth, such a person passed through the spiritual world in such a way that, under the guidance of Ahriman, they encountered the higher spiritual beings and forces, those beings and powers that were supposed to give them what they needed in this life and that could not give them the opportunity to develop themselves so that they could think correctly. Ahriman was the guide, and Ahriman gave him the opportunity to receive the gifts of the beings and powers of the higher hierarchies only in such a way that in life he stands still with his thinking before the real facts, that he nowhere grasps his thinking in such a way that it is self-contained and valid. A large proportion of those people—and there are many, many of them—who are unable to think today owe this to the fact that in their last life between death and rebirth they had to allow themselves to be accompanied by Ahriman, because they had made themselves suitable for this, so to speak, through their last earthly life, through that earthly life which preceded the present one.
And how did this earthly life unfold when viewed through the eyes of the seer?
One finds that such people were hypochondriacs, morose individuals who did not want to engage with the world and its facts and entities, who in a certain sense always found it uncomfortable to establish any kind of relationship with their environment. Very often such people were unbearable hypochondriacs in their previous life. If they had been physically examined, they would have had physical illnesses that are very common in hypochondriac natures. And if one then goes further back, back to the previous life between death and reincarnation, which preceded the hypochondriac life, one finds that these people again lacked proper guidance at that time, that they were unable to properly perceive what the gifts of the higher hierarchies should have been. And how did they prepare themselves for this in their third-last life here on earth? They prepared themselves by developing a certain soul mood, which could certainly be called religious, but only out of egoism. They were people who were pious, perhaps even mystical, purely out of selfishness, as mysticism very often arises from selfishness, in such a way that the person says: I am searching within myself to recognize God within myself. And when one investigates what he is searching for there, it is only his own self that he is making into God. Many pious souls are pious only so that this or that spiritual mood may blossom for them after death. It is an egoistic mood of soul that they have prepared for themselves in this way.
So when we follow three such earthly lives with the help of spiritual research, we find in the first one, as the basic mood in the soul, selfish mysticism, selfish religiosity. And when we look at people today who behave toward life in the manner described, spiritual research takes us back to times when there were souls in abundance who developed a religious mood out of pure egoism. They then passed through an existence between death and rebirth, powerless to receive from the spiritual beings the gifts that would enable them to shape their next life correctly. Their next life then became a morose, hypochondriacal one, in which everything was repugnant to them. In this way, they prepared themselves so that when they passed through the gate of death, Ahriman and his hosts were their guides and they received forces that caused them to display deficient logic and short-sighted, dull thinking in their subsequent earthly life.
Thus we have the other case of three successive incarnations. And we see again and again how absurd it is to believe that one can wait until death approaches in order to enter into relationship with the supersensible world. Indeed, how one enters into relationship with the supersensible world after death depends precisely on the inner soul inclinations and interests that one has acquired here in relation to the supersensible world. Not only are successive earthly lives connected like cause and effect, but the lives here between birth and death and the lives between death and new birth are also connected in a certain way like cause and effect. We can see this from the following.
When the seer looks up into the supersensible world where souls dwell after death, he finds souls who, in a certain phase of this life between death and rebirth — for one goes through many experiences during this long period, and such descriptions can only ever describe parts of it — are servants of those powers we call the lords of all healthy, sprouting, and budding life on earth. Among the deceased, we find many who, for a certain period of time, participate in the wonderful task – for it is a wonderful task – of pouring into the physical world, of instilling into it everything that can promote the health of the beings of the earth, everything that can make them blossom and flourish. Just as we can become servants of the evil forces of illness and misfortune through certain conditions, so we can become servants of those spiritual beings who promote health and growth, who send forces from the spiritual world into our world that promote flourishing life. For it is only a materialistic superstition that physical hygiene and external facilities alone are conducive to health. Everything that happens in physical life is directed by the beings and powers of the higher worlds, which continually send their forces into the physical world, instill them into it, forces that in a certain way act freely, or act on human beings or other beings as promoting health or as damaging health and growth. Certain spiritual powers and beings guide these processes in health and sickness. But in the life between death and rebirth, human beings become co-workers with these powers; and if we have prepared ourselves in the right way, we can enjoy the bliss of cooperating in instilling the forces that promote health and growth from the higher worlds into our physical world. And when the seer pursues what such souls have done to deserve this, he realizes that in physical earthly life, human beings can accomplish and think in two ways what they want to accomplish and think.
Let us take a look at life. We see numerous people doing their work as prescribed by their office or by this or that. But even if the radical case does not arise that such people live their work like animals led to the slaughter, one could still say that they work because they have to. They would never neglect their duty—certainly, that can be true! In a certain sense, this cannot be otherwise in the present cycle of human development with regard to what duty demands and for which human beings have no other motivation than that duty demands it. This is not meant to be said in such a way as to criticize duty work in principle! It must not be understood in this way; the development of the earth is such that this aspect of life is gaining more and more ground. This will not improve in the future: the tasks that people will have to perform will become more and more complicated insofar as they concern external life, and people will be increasingly condemned to do and think only what duty compels them to do. But we already have today—and will have more and more—people who do their work only because they are driven by duty, and there will be other people who seek out a society like ours, where they can also accomplish something, not out of a sense of external duty, as in external life, but something to which they are devoted and enthusiastic. We can therefore look at work from this perspective: whether it is, as it were, work of external achievement and thinking out of duty, or work that is carried out with enthusiasm, with devotion, out of the innermost impulse of the soul, driven by nothing but the soul itself. This mood of the soul: not merely out of duty, but out of love, out of inclination, out of devotion, prepares the soul to become a servant of the good forces of health, of all the healing powers that are sent down from the supersensible world into our physical world, a servant of everything that sprouts and grows, that flourishes, and to feel the bliss that can be felt through this.
It is extremely important for the whole of human life to know this. For it is only by acquiring such powers in life that enable him to come into contact with the forces concerned that man can spiritually cooperate in an ever-advancing healing, in an ever-advancing flourishing of earthly conditions.
And we can consider another case. Let us take a person who makes an effort to adapt to their environment and its demands. This is not the case with all people. There are those who make no effort to find their place in the world; there are people who cannot find their place in circumstances, either in their spiritual or in their outer physical life. For example, we have people who read a notice on a bulletin board that an anthroposophical lecture is taking place here or there; they go in once, but as soon as they are inside, they fall asleep. Their soul cannot adapt to the environment; it is not in tune with it. I have met men who cannot sew on a button that has come off their clothes; this means that they cannot adapt to external physical circumstances. And so we can cite thousands upon thousands of examples of skillful or unskillful ways of finding one's place in life. Many things depend on such things, as I have already said. Now let us mention only those things that depend on them for life between death and rebirth.
Everything becomes a cause, and everything produces effects. A person who strives to integrate himself into his environment, who is therefore able to sew on a button himself or listen to something which is unfamiliar to him, so that he does not immediately fall asleep, prepares himself thereby to become, after death, a co-worker, a helper of those spirits who promote human progress, who send spiritual powers and forces to earth in order to promote human progress and progressive life, life which progresses from age to age. Only in this way can we attain bliss after death, looking down upon earthly life as it progresses and cooperating with the forces that are always sent down to earth so that progress can be made when we strive here in life to adapt ourselves to circumstances and find our place in our environment. Karma is only understood in its true and comprehensive sense when we are able to view it in its details, in those details that show us the manifold ways in which causes and effects are connected here in the physical world, in the spiritual world, and in the whole of existence.
This again sheds light on the fact that our life in the spiritual worlds depends on how we spend our life in the physical body. For, as I have said, all worlds have their special mission, and no two worlds have the same mission in existence. What are characteristic phenomena and experiences in one world are not the characteristic phenomena and experiences in another world. And if, for example, a being is to take in those things that it can only take in on earth, then it must take them in on earth. And if it fails to do so, it cannot take them in in another world. This is particularly evident in something we have already touched upon, but which it is good to engrave deeply in our souls: it is evident in the absorption of certain concepts and ideas that human beings need for their entire lives. Let us take an example that is close to us: anthroposophy, which is justified and effective in our age. People acquire it in such a way that they first live on Earth and approach anthroposophy in the way they know and take it in. Here, too, it could easily arise that it is not necessary to practice anthroposophy here on earth, but rather that we will be able to learn what the spiritual worlds are like once we have passed through the gate of death, where we will find spiritual teachers from the higher hierarchies who can bring these things to our souls!
Now, the fact is that human beings, with their whole soul, are now prepared, through the developments they have undergone up to the present human cycle, to approach the anthroposophical way of life on earth, which can only be approached because they live in the physical body, because they participate in physical life. Human beings are predestined for this. And if they do not participate, they cannot develop any relationship with the spiritual beings who would become their teachers. One cannot simply die and then find a teacher after death who could replace what can approach the soul here in physical life on earth as anthroposophy. We need not be troubled by dark thoughts because we see that many people reject anthroposophy and we must now assume that they will not be able to make it their own between death and rebirth. We need not despair because these people will be born into a new earthly life, and then there will be enough anthroposophical inspiration and anthroposophy on earth for them to take it up. Despair is not yet appropriate for the present time — but this should not lead anyone to say: I can take up anthroposophy in the next life; I can save it for now! No, what is missed here cannot be made up for later. When our German theosophical movement was just beginning, I once spoke in a lecture about Nietzsche and certain things of the higher worlds. Discussions were inserted into the context in which this was spoken at the time. During these discussions, someone stood up and said: “Such a thing must always be tested against Kant's philosophy, and then one comes to the conclusion that one cannot know all these things here; for only then can one know anything about them, when one has died.” The person concerned said this quite literally at the time. Now, it is not the case that one merely needs to die in order to learn certain things. When one passes through the gate of death, one does not learn things for which one has not prepared oneself. Life between death and rebirth is definitely a continuation of life here, as we have seen from the examples already given. Therefore, after death, we can only attain from the beings of the higher hierarchies as human beings what we can attain by becoming anthroposophists in the first place, and this is only possible because we have prepared ourselves for it here on earth. Our connection with the earth, our passage through earthly life, has a meaning that cannot be replaced by anything else.
However, a kind of mediation can occur in this area. I have already spoken about this. A person may die without having learned anything about spiritual science during their earthly life, but their brother, wife, or a close friend is an anthroposophist. The deceased refused to learn anything about anthroposophy during his life; he may even have railed against it. Now he has passed through the gates of death. There, through other personalities on earth, he can become acquainted with anthroposophy. But we also ensure that someone on earth is there to give it to the other person out of love, so that the connection with the earthly world is maintained. This is the basis of what I have called “reading aloud to the dead.” We can do them a great service in this way, even if they did not want to know anything about the spiritual world before. We can either do this in thought form and thus teach the dead, or we can take an anthroposophical book or something similar, imagine the personality of the deceased, and then read to them from the book. Then the dead will hear it. It is precisely through such things that we have experienced great and beautiful examples in our anthroposophical movement of what we can do for the dead. Many of our friends read to their dead. — One can also have the experience that I recently had, when someone asked me about a person who had died shortly before, because this person was making themselves known through all kinds of signs, especially during the night, through restlessness in the room, rumbling, and so on. One can often conclude from this that the dead person wants something. In this case, it turned out that the deceased had a longing to learn something. The person in question had been a learned man in life, but he had previously rejected everything that came to him as knowledge about the spiritual world. Now it was clear that it would be a great benefit to him if, for example, someone read to him a particular series of lectures, because these dealt with things he had been longing for, so to speak. In this way, something that was neglected on earth can be remedied in a tremendously meaningful way after death.
This is what really brings home to us the great and meaningful mission of anthroposophy: that anthroposophy will bridge the abyss between the living and the dead, that people do not simply die away when they leave us, but that we can remain in contact with them and work for them. If someone asks whether we can always know whether the dead are listening to us, it must be said that, on the one hand, people who do this with real devotion will, after a while, notice from the way the thoughts they read aloud to the dead live in their own souls that the dead are hovering around them. But this is, after all, a sensation that only finely observant souls can have. The worst thing that can happen is that such a thing, which can be a great act of love, is not heard; then it has been made unnecessary for the person concerned. But perhaps it then has another meaning in the context of the world. But one should not worry too much about such a failure, for it does happen that one reads something aloud to a number of people — and they do not listen to you either.
These things can put the seriousness and dignity of anthroposophy into the right perspective. But we must always say that the way we will live in the spiritual world after death will depend entirely on the way we have lived here on earth. Our coexistence with other people in the spiritual world also depends on the relationship we have sought with them here. We cannot simply establish a relationship in the other world, between death and rebirth, with someone with whom we have not established a relationship here. The possibility of being led to them, of being with them in the spiritual world, is usually acquired through what has been established here on earth, but not only through what has been established in the last incarnation, but also through what has been established in previous incarnations.
In short, the objective and personal circumstances we have created on earth determine our life between death and rebirth. There are exceptions, but they are just that: exceptions. And if you remember what I said here during the Christmas season about Buddha and his present mission on Mars, you have just such an exception in the figure of Buddha. There are numerous souls on Earth who have personally encountered Buddha in the mystery inspirations — or even before that in his Bodhisattva existence. But because Buddha, as the son of Suddhodana, went through his last incarnation on Earth, and then did what I have described as his work in the etheric body, and has now transferred his activity to Mars, it is now possible even if we have not previously encountered the Buddha, to enter into a relationship with him in the life between death and rebirth; and whatever this relationship brings forth, we then carry over into our next incarnation on earth. But this is the exception. As a rule, after death we find those people with whom we have established relationships and connections here, and we continue these relationships and connections after death.
These discussions, which tie in with what has been said about life between death and rebirth in the course of this winter, are intended to show how anthroposophy is only half a thing for human beings if it remains a theory and an external science, and how it only becomes what it is meant to be when when it permeates the souls like a life elixir, so that the souls live out completely what comes to the human being through the senses when he enters into a relationship of knowledge with the higher worlds. Death then does not appear to human beings as something that destroys personal human relationships. The abyss between life here on earth and life after death is overcome, and many activities will unfold in the future that will be carried out from this perspective. The dead will have an effect on life, and the living on the realm of the dead.
And now I would like your souls to delve a little deeper into how life becomes richer, fuller, and more spiritual when everything truly happens through anthroposophy. Only those who can feel anthroposophy in this way feel correctly toward anthroposophy. It is not the main thing that we know that the human being consists of a physical body, an etheric body, an astral body, and the I, that he goes through various incarnations, that the earth has gone through various incarnations during its existence, the Saturn existence, the Sun existence, the Moon existence. Knowing this is not the main thing; the most important and essential thing is that we can transform our lives through anthroposophy in such a way as the future of the earth requires. We cannot feel this deeply enough, and we cannot inspire ourselves often enough in this regard. For the feelings we take away from our meetings, inspired by the knowledge of the supersensible world, and with which we then go through life, are what is important in the anthroposophical life. Therefore, it is not enough to merely know in anthroposophy; in anthroposophy we know with feeling, and we feel with knowledge. We must understand how wrong it is to believe that we can do justice to the world without knowing anything about it. True are the words of Leonardo da Vinci: Great love is the daughter of great knowledge. And those who do not want to know will not learn to love in the true sense.
In this sense, anthroposophy must first enter our souls so that, starting from us, a current begins to flow more and more into the evolution of the Earth, a spiritual current that will bring spirit and matter into harmony. Then the time will come when human beings will still live materially on Earth — and external life will become more and more material — but human beings will walk upon the Earth carrying within their souls a connection with the higher world. Outwardly, life on Earth will become increasingly material — that is Earth karma — but to the same extent that life on Earth becomes more material, souls must become increasingly spiritual if Earth's development is to reach its goal. I wanted to make a small contribution to understanding how this task is taking shape through today's reflection.