Donate books to help fund our work. Learn more→

The Rudolf Steiner Archive

a project of Steiner Online Library, a public charity

Between Death and Rebirth
GA 141

14 January 1913, Berlin

Lecture VII

During this Winter we have prepared the ground in various ways in order to understand with greater exactitude than has hitherto been possible man's life between birth and death in the physical world on the one side and on the other between death and rebirth in the spiritual world. And there will be still more to say about this subject in the coming months.

Efforts will be needed to draw together a number of details that will contribute towards a thorough understanding of this subject and throw new light upon many topics we have already studied from a different point of view. Today, then, I will ask you to think, above all, of the course of man's physical life—about which something has also been said in my book The Education of the Child in the Light of Anthroposophy—and of how it progresses in cycles: one from birth until about the seventh year, or until the change of teeth; a second cycle from the change of teeth until puberty at about the fourteenth year; then a third cycle, and so on in periods of seven years. Even to ordinary observation it will be clear that this systematic arrangement into periods of seven years is well founded, but on the other hand it will also be evident that in the actual life of the human being other facts of incisive significance cut across these seven-year periods. We ourselves have repeatedly considered a crucial occurrence in a man's life which eludes this division into cyclic periods. It is the point of time back to which a man's memory extends in later life, the moment when he begins to feel and know himself as an ‘I’, when Ego-consciousness dawns in him. This experience does not by any means occur at exactly the same point of time, but in most cases it may be said that Ego-consciousness flashes up in the human being at some point between birth and the seventh year. And something similar can be said to hold good in the later period of a man's life. Although with less abruptness than the sudden flashing-up of Ego-consciousness, there are other occurrences which as it were invalidate the regular seven-year cycle. We shall, however, always discover that whatever comes in this way into the life of man and cuts across the cyclic periods, occurs much more irregularly than the experiences connected with the actual seven-year cycles. You will hardly find two human beings whose memories go back to exactly the same point of time, that is to say who experienced the flashing up of consciousness of ‘I’ at the same age. Nor does the change of teeth occur at precisely the same age in different individuals. But why this is so in the latter case, we shall still have to consider.

When we study the cyclic periods already referred to and mentioned in my little book, Education of the Child, we shall notice that they begin in connection with the most physical, the most external member of man's being and are then concerned with the other, more inward members of his constitution. From birth until the seventh year development is connected primarily with the physical body, then for seven years with the etheric body, then for seven years with the astral body, the sentient soul, and so on. The evolutionary factors pass over more and more decisively from the external to the inner nature of man. That is essentially characteristic of the seven-year periods.

What, then, is there to be said about occurrences which cut across these seven-year periods? The flashing-up of ‘I’-consciousness during the first cycle is an emphatically inner event. For the sake of clarity, here let us consider something that seems to be in contrast with this flashing-up of Ego-consciousness. If we observe human life with discernment we shall find that the cessation of growth may be compared with some happening which cuts across the seven-year cycles of evolution. We will therefore think about the cessation of growth which after all occurs comparatively late in life, and study its implications.

The first seven-year period ends with the change of teeth. The appearance of the second teeth is, as it were, the final act of what may be called the formative principle. The last contribution made by the forces that give the human being his form is when they drive out the second teeth. That is the culmination of the formative process, for the principle which builds up the human form is no longer in action. With the seventh year the formative principle ceases to be active. What comes about later on is only an expansion of what has already been established as form. After the seventh year there is no more remodelling of the brain. All that happens is growth of what is already established as basic form. Therefore we can say that the principle of form unfolds its activity specifically in the first seven years of the life of a human being. The principle of form stems from the Spirits of Form; thus these Spirits of Form are active in the human being during the first seven years of his life. It can therefore be said that when the human being enters into life through birth, his actual form is not complete. What happens is that the Spirits of Form continue their active intervention during the first seven years of life; the human being has then reached the point when his form merely needs to grow. The basis for the form has been established by the seventh year, and the second teeth are what the formative principle still produces out of the human being. The formative principle has now come to its conclusion. Were its activity to continue, the second teeth would inevitably make their appearance later than is now the case.

Here we may ask: When these Spirits of Form have worked on the human being until the seventh year of his life, does everything they do for him come to an end?

The answer is ‘No’, for the human being goes on growing and the basic principles of his form develop still further. If nothing else intervened, growth would be able to continue without interruption. If we think only of the principles of form that are active in the human being until the seventh year there is no more reason in the case of man than in that of other beings why these forms should not continue to grow if nothing were to intervene. But something does intervene. When the human being stops growing, certain principles of form still have an effect upon him. They have already been drawing near to him but now they unite in the fullest sense with his organism, lay hold of it, but in such a way that they now act as a hindrance, and further growth is prevented. The formative principles that are active until the seventh year of life allow the human being a certain elasticity. But at that point other formative principles approach him; their nature is such that they capture and confine what is elastic in the demarcated form, thus preventing any further growth. That is why growth stops at some point. When growth stops, this means that formative forces approaching from outside are at work. Whenever formative principles are active, whenever forms grow larger, provision must be made for the stoppage of growth by the appearance of counter-formative principles which oppose the first category as its polar antithesis. When man's form has developed until about the seventh year of life (indicated in the shaded portion of the diagram) this form can continue to grow.

The formative principles have been at work until the seventh year; these principles work from within. Then different formative principles work in opposition from outside, so that the human being can grow only to the limit indicated by the line b–b. It is really as if until the seventh year of his life the human being were given an elastic garment which he can constantly stretch and enlarge. But at a specific point of time he is given one that is not elastic; he is obliged to put it on, and thenceforth cannot grow beyond its limits.

We can therefore say that in the human being a confrontation takes place between two kinds of formative principles, one working from within and the other from without. The formative principles belonging to the first category come from the Spirits of Form, from those Spirits of Form who have passed through a perfectly normal process of evolution in the Cosmos. The formative principles working from without are not of the same kind. They come from Spirits of Form whose development has been retarded and who have acquired a Luciferic character. They are the factor which works in the purely spiritual domain, whereas the forces working in the material sphere have had a normal development; having evolved through the stages of Old Saturn, Old Sun and Old Moon, they then pass to the Earth in the regular way and shape the human form from within. The ‘irregular’ Spirits of Form take what is presented to them and hold back its further development. Thus the process of growth in the human being is brought to a halt by these backward Spirits of Form. The Beings of the higher Hierarchies have the most varied tasks, among them the one that has been characterised today.

We have now been able to consider many different aspects of the work of the ‘regular’ Hierarchies and also of the work of the backward spiritual Beings belonging to the different Hierarchies. In the book Occult Science—an Outline1See pp. 180 onwards in the Rudolf Steiner Press 1963 edition. you can read how the human being reached the stage where through the Spirits of Form he could be endowed with the germinal foundation for the ‘I’, the Ego. We know that man received the germ of his physical body from the Thrones, of his etheric body from the Spirits of Wisdom, of his astral body from the Spirits of Movement, and the germinal foundation for the ‘I’ from the Spirits of Form. Bearing this in mind we can say that man, in his outer stature, has been organised by the regular Spirits of Form into an Ego-bearing being and that this comes into manifestation in the first seven-year cycle of his life. But then the backward Spirits of Form who are the opponents of the regular Spirits of Form, put a stop to his growth. This is actually the antithesis of the first, most deeply inward experience in the human being, namely, the kindling of the consciousness of ‘I’—the Ego. This happens in the early years of life, in the innermost realm of being. The outermost manifestation, the form, is checked at a later age, as a final act. Thus we perceive two evolutionary—but antithetical—processes in the human being. Of the one I have said that it comes from without and moves inward, taking hold of the sentient soul and so on, in the twenty-first year of life. Then there is another evolution proceeding from within outwards until the growth of the physical form is checked. The one evolution, the regular evolution, proceeds from the spiritual to the corporeal, from within outwards and is of interest especially for education. The other evolution—which is a much less regular and also more individual process—proceeds from without inwards and, when the human being has reached a certain age, it comes to expression in the completion of the outermost principle—the physical body.

It is very important that teachers should have knowledge of these two antithetical lines of evolution. Hence in the book The Education of the Child in the Light of Anthroposophy it was right to call attention to the first process of evolution which proceeds from within outwards, because it is only there that education is possible. On the other line of evolution—from without inwards—which is the line of individual development, it is impossible to make any actual impression. This is something of which account can be taken but which cannot be halted; neither can much be achieved in the way of education. And to be able to distinguish between where education is possible and where it is not, is of fundamental importance.

Just as the cessation of growth is caused by the backward Spirits of Form, the first actual manifestation of the ‘I’ in the human being during early childhood is the work of the backward Spirits of Will (Thrones). Between these two extremes there are other happenings which are to be attributed to backward Spirits of Wisdom and backward Spirits of Movement.

No adequate characterisation of man's life as a whole, including the existence between death and the new birth, is possible unless we take account of all the factors which have an effect upon him, and recognise that even in everyday life the influences of Luciferic beings take effect in many different ways. This influence is evident in other spheres as well. And as our endeavour in these lectures is to acquire a really fundamental understanding of man's life as a whole, we will not hesitate to think about matters which seem to be somewhat remote.

Attention shall first of all be drawn to a phenomenon from which it is evident that on the physical plane too, between birth and death, man's life has undergone essential changes in the course of evolution. If we realise this, it will, become evident that the life between death and rebirth has also changed. Those who think intellectually, but superficially, about life today may readily believe that, in essentials, things were always the same as they are at present. By no means was it so! And in certain cases we need go back only a few hundred years to find that conditions were very different. Thus at the present time there is something that has a very great influence upon man's life of soul between birth and death but that simply did not exist in its present form only a few centuries ago. It is what we today mean by the expression ‘public opinion’. Even as recently as the thirteenth century it would have been nonsense to speak of public opinion as we do today. A great deal is said nowadays against belief in authority, although in actual fact it exists in a much more oppressive form in our time than it did in these earlier, often despised centuries. In earlier centuries there were, of course, defects, but there was no blind belief in authority such as exists at present. This blindness of belief in authority is usually revealed by the fact that the authority in question cannot be specified. A person today will readily be floored when he is told that science has proved this or that. In earlier centuries, however, people attached more weight to authorities whom they encountered physically. Reference to an intangible ‘something’ is implied when it is said: ‘There is scientific proof of it.’ Such a saying urges belief in authority when confronted with something incomprehensible. Such belief did not exist in earlier centuries. People belonging to our civilisation usually concern themselves very little with matters about which the simplest, most, primitive human being in earlier centuries endeavoured to have some knowledge—matters relating, for example, to health and illness. Why, it is asked today, should anyone need to know about health and illness? The doctors know about these matters and the problems concerned can be left to them. This is also an example of what comes into the category of intangible but sovereign authority. But countless other influences make their way into life; from earliest youth the human being becomes dependent upon them and his trends of judgement and feeling force themselves into our life! These living currents swirling around among human beings are usually referred to as ‘public opinion’—and prompted the saying from philosophers: ‘Public opinions are mostly private errors.’ To realise this, however, is not as important as it is to be aware that public opinions exert tremendous power upon the life of an individual. It would be a complete misconception of history to speak about the influence of public opinion upon the life of an individual living in the thirteenth century. In those days there were single personalities who admittedly exerted a great deal of authority either in affairs of Government or in practical life, and in these spheres it was obeyed. But at this time there was nothing resembling what impersonal public opinion has become today. Anyone who is unwilling to believe this on the basis of the occult facts should study the history of Florence during those centuries and in later times too—when the government of the city passed into the control of the Medici. The tremendous power of individual authorities will then be apparent, but there was no such thing as public opinion. It first arose in an epoch preceding our own by four or five centuries and one can speak of its actual beginning. Such things must be regarded as realities, for a world of swirling thoughts does indeed exist.

What is the origin of this public opinion which we often accept as something that cannot be verified? What is public opinion in reality? You may remember that I have spoken of certain spiritual Beings belonging to the Hierarchy immediately above man—Beings who participate in various ways in the guidance and leadership of humanity. In my little book The Spiritual Guidance of Man and Humanity, you will find a great deal on the subject of spiritual Beings belonging to the higher Hierarchies. Now we know that the mightiest incision in the evolution of humanity was made by the Mystery of Golgotha. In that event there came to pass something that was most wonderfully expressed in the esoteric teaching of St. Paul. Paul spoke in simple language but the actual way in which he spoke was rooted in profound esotericism. It was not possible for him always to give out openly what he, as an Initiate, knew; for in the first place he wanted to speak to a wider circle of people and, secondly, it was not possible in his day to give out everything he knew in the way of which he would have been capable. Nevertheless his very presentation was based upon profound esoteric knowledge. We find, for example, that there is a deeply significant truth in the distinction he makes between the ‘first Adam’ and the ‘higher Adam’—the Christ. According to Paul, the various generations of human beings are to be traced back to Adam, that is to say, the bodies of men descend from Adam. Hence it can be said that the physical increase of humanity over the Earth during the different periods, leads back finally to the physical body of Adam—Adam and Eve, naturally. We can then ask: What lies at the basis of the physical evolution of mankind from Adam onwards? Naturally, the evolution of souls! The physical bodies which have descended from Adam are the habitations of living souls. These souls had descended from cosmic worlds and had brought with them to the Earth a certain spiritual heritage, a spiritual endowment. But in the course of time this spiritual endowment had undergone decline. Individuals who lived, say, six or seven thousand years before the founding of Christianity had within them much stronger, more extensive spiritual forces than those who lived a mere thousand years before the Mystery of Golgotha. The spiritual heritage which once came to the Earth with human beings had gradually withered away in the soul. Now the life between death and rebirth is of particular significance for this spiritual heritage. If we go back to the epoch long before the Mystery of Golgotha, we find that after death men had an active, inwardly illumined life of soul; but then this life of soul became dimmer and dimmer, darker and darker. An ever-fading life of soul came with human beings when they passed through death. This was particularly the case among the Greeks although they were the most advanced peoples then on the Earth, and their sages had every reason to say, in view of the stage reached in evolution: ‘Better it is to be a beggar in the upper world than a king in the realm of the Shades.’ We know that this saying was true when applied to the Greeks who lived a fully satisfying life on the physical plane; but as soon as they had passed through the gate of death their life became dim and shadowy.

In the fullest sense it is true that the spiritual life which men had brought with them to the Earth and which manifested after death as a somewhat dim clairvoyant consciousness, had become even dimmer. And especially in the fourth Atlantean epoch, the Graeco-Latin epoch, during which the Mystery of Golgotha took place, the spiritual life had reached the stage of its greatest darkness.

The all-important purpose of the Baptism by John the Baptist was that some of those who sought to be baptised should be made conscious of the conditions just described. The individuals baptised by John were completely submerged in the water. As a result, the etheric body of these individuals was liberated from them and for a short time, while under the water, they became clairvoyant. John was able to reveal to them that there had been such deterioration in the life of soul in the course of time that a human being now possessed very little of the spiritual treasure that he had once been able to take with him through the gate of death and that could give him clairvoyant consciousness. A man whom John baptised in this way became aware that a revitalisation of the life of soul was essential, that something new must radiate into human souls in order that after death there might be a life in the real sense. This new impulse streamed into the souls of men through the Mystery of Golgotha. You need only read my lecture-course entitled From Jesus to Christ and you will realise that a rich and abundant spiritual life streams from the Mystery of Golgotha into the souls of individuals who develop a relationship to that Mystery.

Hence Paul could say: just as the physical bodies of men descend from Adam, so will the content of their souls in greater and greater measure ‘descend’ from the Christ who is the second Adam, the spiritual Adam. It is a profound truth that Paul uttered here, clothed in his simple words. If the Mystery of Golgotha had not taken place, men would have become progressively empty in soul and would either have developed a longing only to live outside the physical body or to live on Earth with no other wishes or desires than for a purely physical life, and so would have become more and more materialistic. Because all development is a slow and gradual process there are still some peoples on the Earth who have not yet wholly lost the original spiritual treasure, who still retain some measure of it in spite of having failed to establish any relationship to the Mystery of Golgotha. Individuals belonging to the most advanced peoples, however, can become conscious after death only to the extent to which they have learnt ‘to die in Christ’, as the second line of the Rosicrucian formula expresses it. And so in actual fact the Mystery of Golgotha has acted as illumination in men's souls.

With this clearly in mind we shall understand the gist of a question relating to man's evolution. It is the question: How came it that understanding of the Mystery of Golgotha enabled the content of man's soul to be carried into the sphere of his ‘I’, his Ego? How did this soul-content differ from what existed before the Mystery of Golgotha as an ancient heritage? The difference is that, before the Mystery of Golgotha, in respect of the content of their souls men were far less independent. They were under the direct guidance of the Beings we know as the Angeloi, Archangeloi and so on. Before the Mystery of Golgotha men were under the leadership of the Beings of the nearest higher Hierarchies to a far greater extent than was the case after that event. Indeed the progress of these Beings themselves—Angeloi, Archangeloi, Archai—consists in the fact that they have learnt to lead human beings in a way that respects their independence. Men were intended to live on the Earth in a state of greater and greater independence. The leading spiritual Beings of the higher Hierarchies have recognised this and therein consists their progress.

But it is possible for these Spirits too to remain behind in their evolution. Not all the Spirits who participated in the leadership of humanity have acquired through the Mystery of Golgotha the power to guide and lead men while ensuring their freedom. Among these Beings of the higher Hierarchies there are some who remained backward and have become Luciferic spirits. What we call ‘public opinion’ is an example of the way in which some of them are active. Public opinion is not created by human beings alone but also by a certain category of Luciferic spirits of the lowest rank—retarded Angeloi and Archangeloi. These spirits are only beginning their Luciferic career and have not yet risen very high in the ranks of the Luciferic spirits, but they are definitely Luciferic in character. With the eye of seership one can perceive how certain spirits of the higher Hierarchies did not keep pace with evolution after the Mystery of Golgotha, how they adhere rigidly to the old kind of leadership and therefore cannot make any direct approach to men. Those who have kept pace with evolution can make regular and direct contact with men; the other spirits are incapable of this and they manifest their activity in the muddled, turbulent thinking that comes to expression as public opinion. The function of public opinion is intelligible only when it is realised that this is how it has made its way into human life.

Thus we have among us beings who abandon the regular course of evolution and become Luciferic in character. It is important that this should be known. The work of the Luciferic beings of whom we have already spoken and who now have great power, also began on a small scale. Indeed this is true in the case of the whole host of Luciferic beings. Admittedly, on the Old Moon there was no public opinion as we know it but something that can be compared with it—a kind of guidance of men. Some among this host of Luciferic spirits of whom we have spoken are powerful and important beings, for example backward Spirits of Form who surge in upon the human being with such violence that they stop his growth. The others are merely the recruits; nevertheless this is the beginning of the career of the Luciferic spirits, a career which later on will assume a quite different dimension because the spirits become more and more powerful. Public opinion, which under the guidance and direction of certain Luciferic spirits of the lowest order, influences human beings because they absorb it between birth and death, must necessarily have its counterweight during the life between death and rebirth. That is to say, because a human being in his life between birth and death has been caught up into the current of public opinion described, he must experience the counterweight in his life between death and rebirth. Otherwise the following would ensue.

The backward spirits who are responsible for the creation of public opinion have no significance or power whatever in man's life between death and rebirth. They have relinquished all possibility of working in that sphere because they are active here, on the physical plane, in a spiritual way—indeed in a way that is only possible in the form of public opinion. A man can take no iota of anything like public opinion with him into the spiritual world and whatever element of it he might want to accompany him into the life after death would be entirely out of place. It must be said, although it will seem strange to many people, that life in Kamaloka becomes very difficult for one who clings to public opinion or has been caught in the coils of his own judgement very early in life. This applies particularly to persons who believe that within the world of public opinion there can still be independent judgement—which is an utter impossibility. For such people Kamaloka is admittedly difficult. But when the period of Kamaloka is over, public opinion has no weight or significance whatever, and after death it is irrelevant whether people adhered to nuances of it, such as liberal or conservative, radical or reactionary. This has no significance whatever in the different groupings of human beings and moreover exists on Earth solely for the purpose of hindering men from making progress towards illumination of consciousness after death. The beings behind public opinion resolved to forgo the progress made possible by the Mystery of Golgotha. But the Mystery of Golgotha will become of greater and greater importance for the Earth's evolution. We must clearly understand that the future of the Earth's evolution cannot be assured simply by rectifying phenomena such as public opinion and the like which are inevitable in the course of evolution. Men can, however, become better in their own inner nature, therefore the process of evolution must take root more and more deeply in their inner life. In the future, men will be still more exposed to the pressure of public opinion, but inwardly they will have developed greater strength. This is possible only through Spiritual Science. But if man is gradually to become a match for those spirits who are now exerting their influence in public opinion as recruits of the Luciferic beings, this will be possible only if, between death and rebirth too, he undergoes something that strengthens him inwardly, strengthens the principle in him that is independent of life on Earth. Whereas through the influence of public opinion he becomes more and more dependent upon earthly life, in the life between death and rebirth he must receive into his very self something that in the next life on Earth will make him ever freer from the influence of public opinion.

Connected with this is the fact that at the time when public opinion began to assume importance, the Buddha-realm was established in the Mars sphere—as we heard in the lecture at Christmas. Consequently between death and rebirth man passes through this Buddha-realm on Mars. Christian Rosenkreutz had entrusted to Buddha a special mission in the Mars sphere. And what would be futile on Earth, namely the desire to flee from the conditions of terrestrial existence—this is an experience which man must undergo between death and rebirth during his passage through the Mars sphere. Among other things he strips off the incubus of public opinion which takes effect only on Earth. Many, even more overbearing influences will come in the future and it will be more than ever necessary to undergo the experience that is possible for man as a pupil of Buddha in the Mars sphere. Here on Earth, men can now be pupils of the Buddha in the orthodox sense only if they refuse to participate in the progress made by the most advanced people on Earth. But between death and rebirth Buddha unfolds what has developed from the teaching he gave on Earth, which was that man should free himself from the need for further incarnations. This has been developed into a doctrine that is inapplicable to the Earth, where life must progress from incarnation to incarnation. Thus the doctrine preached by Buddha on Earth contained the seed of what man must acquire in the disembodied state of existence. In this advanced form, Buddha's teaching is right for the period between death and rebirth. The Buddha himself appeared in the astral body of the Jesus-Child of St. Luke's Gospel2See the lecture-course, The Gospel of St. Luke given by Dr. Steiner in Basle, September 1909, particularly lectures four to nine. and Christ Himself leads men between death and rebirth through the Mars sphere, enabling them there to receive the Buddha's advanced teaching. Thus in the Mars sphere men can be emancipated from the tendency to uniformity resulting from the effects of public opinion which are detrimental for their further progress on Earth. Whereas in earlier times Mars was said to be the planet of warlike traits, it is now the Buddha's task gradually to transform these warlike traits in such a way that they become the foundation of the sense for freedom and independence needed in the present age. Whereas nowadays men have the tendency to surrender their sense of freedom and succumb to the fetters of public opinion, on Mars between death and rebirth they will strive to throw off these fetters and not bring them again into the life on Earth when they return to new incarnations.

It seems to me that here we have something that characterises most wonderfully how wisdom holds sway in the world, how everything that progresses or remains backward is manipulated in such a way that the final outcome is harmony in the evolution of worlds. Man cannot achieve progress by keeping as it were to the middle line, although there are many who realise the uselessness of adopting a one-sided standpoint. Admittedly, we come across idealists, materialists and other ‘-ists’ who swear by their own standpoint, but truly great individuals such as Goethe do no such thing. They try to grasp material conditions by means of material thinking. When men of less eminence imagine that they have understood this, they say: truth lies in the middle, between two different standpoints. But that would be the same as if someone in practical life wanted to sit between two chairs! The truth cannot be found by a one-sided adoption of this or that standpoint but by applying the modes of knowledge appropriate either for materialism or idealism, The world does not progress by undeviating adherence to a middle course: a middle course is appropriate when the opposing sides are also present and are recognised as forces. If something has to be weighed, the two scalepans are needed as well as the beam. Thus there must be a counterbalance to public opinion; and this is provided by Buddha's teaching in the Mars sphere—which would not be necessary if public opinion had never existed. Life needs antithesis; life progresses in and through polarity. Somebody might think that as the North and South Poles are antitheses, it would be better if neither existed! They are not, of course, antithetic in the sense implied by a certain Professor of whom it was said that because he had written his books in such haste he could not think about their contents and stated that civilisation could develop only in the middle zone of the Earth because at the North Pole people would freeze through cold and at the South Pole melt through heat! In another connection, of course, North and South Poles are genuine opposites and are necessary because progress is not achieved by adopting a neutral course but by the maintenance and harmonising of opposites. Thus what develops on Earth had to undergo a process that lies below the level of progress. Public opinion is of less value than the judgements which an individual can reach on a path of progress. Public opinion is sub-human and it is this sub-human influence that is counteracted by the Buddha-stream through which man passes between death and rebirth. Both influences are necessary and it is extremely important to bear this in mind in connection with evolution.

It can therefore be said with truth: yes, there are indeed backward spirits, but everything that remains behind on the one side and on the other outstrips the evolutionary process, is manipulated by the wisdom of the Universe in such a way that harmony is the final result. The backward spirits are utilised to constitute the opposite pole to the spirits who have progressed to further stages.

If we look at life in this way it will be clear to us that in the future course of Earth evolution the human being will bring into life more and more qualities which will have greater weight and influence than the purely physical qualities. And it will be increasingly apparent that qualities other than the purely physical will have to be taken into account. Physical qualities will be evident, which—although they become manifest only gradually—can be traced back to infancy; but there will be other qualities to which this does not apply and which show themselves in a marked form only comparatively late in life. A characteristic feature of evolution in the future will be the existence of an increasing number of individuals about whom it will inevitably be asked: What can have happened to that individual at a certain age in his life? He has completely changed; it is as though he has become a different being! Qualities that were completely absent in earlier life, that appear only when a certain age has been reached, will reveal themselves. This will happen in the case of souls who are the most highly developed and in whom a certain break in their life becomes evident. For the fact that an individual was a pupil of Buddha in the life between death and rebirth reveals itself only at a certain age. This would apply to persons of whom it can be said: Up to a particular point in their lives their individual qualities were in evidence; but then entirely new trends appeared and they were able to understand matters altogether different from those for which they had previously shown understanding. These will be individuals who in the future will be the vehicles of true spiritual progress although they may simply be regarded as late developers, manifesting these qualities only late in life. In truth, however, the reason why these individuals display these qualities only in later life is that in previous incarnations on the Earth they had established the causes which enabled them to experience the spiritual life in the Mars sphere with particular intensity and so to acquire qualities which enabled them to bring a new impulse into the evolution of humanity. True spiritual culture will more and more be in the hands of individuals of this kind, who in their youth showed little aptitude for the spiritual standpoint they adopt in later life.

We now see that this is the reason why a certain fact has always been stressed in the Rosicrucian line of thought of which we ourselves have heard in the past, although it could not then be substantiated because our studies were not as advanced as they now are. Representatives of the Rosicrucian principle of Initiation in the West have always emphasised that it is impossible to discover in their childhood those who are to become leading figures, because these are individuals who give evidence of that fundamental change in later life of which I have spoken. When a seer speaks of Buddha today, he knows that Buddha has faithfully adhered to what his teaching promised; he has continued to work for that in human nature which has no direct urge for physical embodiment and therefore does not appear at the beginning of life in a physical body but only when the physical body has undergone a certain development, when a certain stage towards spirituality has been reached. Then, at a later stage of life the gift of the Buddha to man becomes an effective influence.

All this must be borne in mind if we are to understand the whole process of man's development. What it signifies for each individual in his life between birth and death—of this we shall hear later.

Siebenter Vortrag

Wir haben im Laufe dieses Winters verschiedene Veranstaltungen gemacht, um noch genauer, als es in den Jahren bisher geschehen konnte, das Leben des Menschen, das heißt das Gesamtleben des Menschen zu begreifen, wie es vorgeht auf der einen Seite zwischen Geburt und Tod in der physischen Welt und anderseits zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt in der geistigen Welt. Wir werden noch Verschiedenes über diesen Gegenstand im Verlaufe dieses Winters zu besprechen haben.

Es wird nun notwendig sein, daß wir uns bemühen, mancherlei Einzelheiten, die zum vollständigen Verständnis dieser Sache beitragen können, zusammenzutragen, und auch manches in einer ganz besonderen Weise zu beleuchten, das wir schon von anderen Seiten her betrachtet haben. Da bitte ich Sie, heute vor allen anderen Dingen sich zu erinnern, wie wir - auch im Sinne der kleinen Schrift «Die Erziehung des Kindes vom Gesichtspunkte der Geisteswissenschaft » den Verlauf des menschlichen physischen Lebens betrachtet haben, wie wir diesen Verlauf dargestellt haben nach Zyklen: einen Zyklus von der Geburt bis ungefähr zum siebenten Jahre oder, sagen wir bis zum Zahnwechsel; einen zweiten Zyklus vom Zahnwechsel bis zur Geschlechtsreife, ungefähr bis ins vierzehnte Jahr; dann einen dritten Zyklus, die Zyklen also von sieben zu sieben Jahren. Es wird Ihnen zwar klar sein, daß auch schon nach dem, was man äußerlich beobachten kann, die Gliederung in Lebenszyklen völlig berechtigt ist; aber auf der anderen Seite kann es doch auch einleuchten, daß im wirklichen Leben des Menschen diese Zyklen ganz genau nicht eingehalten werden, und daß durch andere, tief in das Menschenleben eingreifende Tatsachen diese Zyklen sozusagen durchkreuzt werden. Haben wir doch selbst eine wichtige, tief in das Menschenleben eingreifende Tatsache immer und immer wieder hervorgehoben, welche sozusagen aus dieser Einteilung in Zyklen herausfällt. Das ist jener Zeitpunkt, bis zu dem sich der Mensch in seinem Leben zurückerinnert und von dem an er anfängt, sich eigentlich als ein Ich auch zu wissen und zu fühlen, der Eintritt des Ich-Bewußtseins also, jenes Zeitpunktes, bis zu dem sich der Mensch später gedächtnismäßig zurückerinnert. Diese Tatsache fällt ja nicht immer genau in denselben Zeitpunkt, aber zumeist so etwa in den Zeitraum zwischen der Geburt und dem siebenten Jahre; da bricht also das Ich-Bewußtsein über den Menschen herein. Und auch für das spätere Lebensalter wird man ein Ähnliches sagen können. Wenn auch nicht in so schroffer Weise etwas in das Menschenleben hereinbricht wie dieses Aufblitzen des Ich-Bewußtseins, so gibt es doch andere Dinge, welche die reine siebenjährige Zyklenperiode im Leben des Menschen gewissermaßen verwischen. Immer aber werden wir angeben können, daß alles das, was so in das Menschenleben hereintritt und gleichsam die Zyklenperiode durchkreuzt, viel unregelmäßiger sich abspielt als die eigentlichen zyklischen Erlebnisse. So wird man kaum zwei Menschen finden, die sich bis zu genau demselben Zeitpunkt zurückerinnern, die also das Aufblitzen des Ich-Bewußtseins in genau derselben Zeit etwa erlebt haben. Allerdings fällt auch nicht der Zahnwechsel bei zwei Menschen genau in denselben Zeitraum. Aber warum dieses letztere nicht der Fall ist, darüber werden wir noch zu sprechen haben.

Wenn wir die zyklischen Perioden betrachten, die wir früher angeführt haben, und die in meiner Schrift über die Erziehung des Kindes betrachtet sind, so können wir sagen: Diese Perioden haben eine ganz bestimmte Eigentümlichkeit; sie fangen an sozusagen bei dem Physischsten des Menschen, bei dem Äußerlichsten des Menschen und gehen mehr nach innen. Wir sprechen davon, daß von der Geburt bis zum siebenten Jahre die Entwickelung vorzugsweise dem physischen Leib gewidmet ist, dann dem Ätherleib, weiter dem astralischen Leib, der Empfindungsseele und so weiter. Also es gehen die Entwickelungsfaktoren immer mehr und mehr von dem Äußeren auf das Innere über. Das ist das Eigentümliche dieser siebenjährigen Perioden. |

Wie ist es nun mit dem, was sich in der gerade erwähnten Weise hineinmischt und diese Lebenszyklen durchkreuzt? Das Aufblitzen des Ich-Bewußtseins in dem ersten Zyklus ist ein sehr Innerliches, ist etwas außerordentlich Innerliches. Betrachten wir, um in dieser Beziehung Klarheit zu schaffen, was sozusagen wie kontrastierend diesem Aufblitzen des Ich-Bewußtseins entgegensteht.

Da finden wir, wenn wir sinngemäß das menschliche Leben betrachten, daß das Aufhören des Wachstums, das ja auch einmal im Menschenleben eintritt, in einer gewissen Weise sich allerdings mit einer solchen Tatsache vergleichen läßt, die, gleichsam die siebenjährigen Entwickelungsperioden durchkreuzend, sich ins Leben hereinstellt. Nun wollen wir einmal das Aufhören des Wachstumes, das ja sehr spät beim Menschen eintritt, ins Auge fassen, also die Tatsache, daß der Mensch einmal aufhört zu wachsen. Wie stellt sich diese ins menschliche Leben hinein?

Betrachten wir die erste siebenjährige Periode, so finden wir, daß sie mit dem Zahnwechsel aufhört. Mit diesem Hervorbrechen der Zähne ist sozusagen der letzte Akt desjenigen gegeben, was man das Ausleben des Formprinzipes nennen kann. Die formenden Kräfte des Menschen machen ihren letzten Ansatz, wenn sie die Zähne heraustreiben. Das ist gleichsam der Schlußpunkt im Formgeben des Menschen; denn später tritt eigentlich das Prinzip, das die menschliche Gestalt bildet, nicht mehr in Aktion. Mit dem siebenten Jahre ist das formgebende Prinzip abgeschlossen. Was später auftritt, ist nur ein Größerwerden dessen, was der Form nach schon veranlagt ist. Der Mensch bekommt vom siebenten Jahre ab nicht mehr eine besondere Umformung des Gehirns. Es wächst nur, was schon angelegt ist; aber die eigentliche Form ist in dem Menschen durchaus schon gegeben, das andere ist ein Wachstum. Daher werden wir auch sagen können: Was das Formprinzip ist, das entfaltet seine Wirksamkeit in den ersten sieben Lebensjahren des Menschen. Das Formprinzip kommt von den Geistern der Form; so daß diese Geister der Form ihre Wirksamkeit im Menschen in den ersten sieben Lebensjahren entfalten. — Ich kann also sagen: Der Mensch ist, wenn er die Welt durch die Geburt betritt, seiner Form nach noch nicht völlig gebildet; sondern das formgebende Prinzip, die Geister der Form, greifen in den ersten sieben Jahren immer noch ein und haben erst nach dem siebenten Jahre den Menschen so weit, daß dann die Form nur zu wachsen braucht. Aber alle Formanlagen sind bis zum siebenten Jahre da, und die zweiten Zähne sind das, was die formgebenden Prinzipien an dem Menschen noch herausbringen. Das ist der Schlußpunkt des Formprinzips. Wenn das Formprinzip weiterwirken würde, so würden die Zähne noch später erscheinen oder später erscheinen müssen.

Nun können wir die Frage aufwerfen: Ist damit, daß diese Geister der Form bis in das siebente Jahr an dem Menschen bilden, überhaupt alles, was von Formgeistern kommt, für den Menschen abgeschlossen?

Das ist gerade nicht der Fall, sondern der Mensch wächst dann fort; er wächst und wächst und bildet die Anlage der Form weiter aus. Er würde, wenn nichts weiter eintreten würde, fortwährend wachsen können; er würde immer mehr wachsen können. Denn wenn wir nur die Formprinzipien in Betracht ziehen, die bis zum siebenten Jahre an dem Menschen tätig sind, so ist kein Grund vorhanden, daß sich nicht diese Formen immer weiter vergrößern sollten. Es ist dafür ebensowenig ein Grund vorhanden, wie gegen das Wachsen irgendwelcher anderer Wesenheiten ein Grund vorhanden ist. Der Mensch könnte weiter wachsen, wenn nichts dazukommen würde. Aber es kommt etwas dazu. Wenn nämlich der Mensch sein Wachstum einstellt, so kommen noch einmal Formprinzipien an ihn heran. Die ganze Zeit schleichen sie schon an ihn heran, aber dann vereinigen sie sich völlig mit seinem Organismus, indem sie diesen ergreifen, aber so, daß sie jetzt ein Hindernis bilden und der Organismus nicht weiter wachsen kann. Die Formprinzipien, die bis zum siebenten Jahre wirken, lassen dem Menschen die Elastizität. Dann kommen andere Formprinzipien an den Menschen heran, und diese sind so, daß sie das, was elastisch ist, in eine abgeschlossene Form einfangen und den Menschen am weiteren Wachstum verhindern. Deshalb hört das Wachstum einmal auf. Und da, wo das Wachstum aufhört, wirken jene Formprinzipien, die an den Menschen von außen herantreten. . Immer muß, wenn Formprinzipien wirken, wenn Formen wachsen, für das Aufhören des Wachstums dadurch gesorgt werden, daß wiederum Formprinzipien von der anderen Seite her den ersten entgegenkommen, polarisch ihnen entgegenstreben. So ist es auch beim Menschen. Wenn also der Mensch etwa bis zum siebenten Jahre diese Form ausgebildet hat, die in der Zeichnung als das schraffierte Feld dargestellt ist, so kann diese Form fortwährend wachsen. Bis zum siebenten Jahre haben - innerhalb des schraffierten Teiles - die Formprinzipien gewirkt. Dann kommen andere Formprinzipien entgegen die ersten wirken von innen, die zweiten von außen - und stellen sich dem Menschen entgegen, so daß er nur bis zu der Linie b-b wachsen kann innerhalb des anderen, leichtschraffierten Feldes. Es ist nämlich wirklich so, als wenn der Mensch bis zum siebenten Jahre ein Kleid bekäme, das elastisch ist, und das er fortwährend vergrößern kann. Aber in einem bestimmten Zeitpunkte wird ihm ein solches gegeben, das nicht mehr elastisch ist; das muß er dann anziehen, und darüber kann er nun nicht mehr hinaus.

AltName

Wir können also sagen, daß sich im Menschen Formprinzipien von innen mit Formprinzipien von außen begegnen; die ersteren kommen von den Geistern der Form, und zwar von jenen Geistern der Form, welche eine ganz regelmäßige Entwickelung im Weltall durchgemacht haben. Die Formprinzipien von außen sind nicht von derselben Art, sondern sie rühren von zurückgebliebenen Geistern der Form her, von solchen Geistern der Form, welche einen luziferischen Charakter angenommen haben. Die sind also das, was rein geistig wirkt; während das, was durch das Materielle wirkt, im regelmäßigen Fortgange so wirkt, daß es richtig die Entwickelung durch Saturn, Sonne und Mond durchgemacht hat, regulär auf die Erde gekommen ist und aus dem Körperlichen von innen heraus die Form des Menschen gestaltet. Die unregelmäßigen Geister der Form wirken so, daß sie hinnehmen, was ihnen geboten wird, und in der entsprechenden Weise zurückhalten. So also wird der Mensch in seinem Wachstum aufgehalten durch solche zurückgebliebenen Geister der Form. Die Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien haben die mannigfaltigsten Aufgaben. Unter anderem haben wir auch eine Aufgabe damit heute gekennzeichnet.

Wir haben nun in der verschiedensten Weise schon dargestellt sowohl wie die regulären Hierarchien wirken, und auch, wie die zurückgebliebenen geistigen Wesenheiten aus den verschiedenen Hierarchien wirken. Und wir haben dargestellt, daß durch die Geister der Form - Sie können es selbst in der «Geheimwissenschaft im Umriß » nachlesen - der Mensch eigentlich in die Lage gekommen ist, die Anlage zum Ich zu bekommen. Wir wissen ja, daß durch die Throne der Mensch die physische Anlage, durch die Geister der Weisheit die ätherische Anlage, durch die Geister der Bewegung die astralische Anlage erhalten hat, und daß er also durch die Geister der Form die Anlage zu dem Ich in seinem physischen Leibe erhalten hat. Wenn wir dies ins Auge fassen, so können wir sagen, daß der Mensch in seinem äußeren Ausdruck durch die regulären Geister der Form zu einem Ich-Wesen zunächst hinorganisiert wird, und daß sich dies in seinem ersten Lebenszyklus ausdrückt; dann aber wird er durch die Widersacher dieser Geister der Form, durch die zurückgebliebenen Geister der Form, in seinem Wachstum aufgehalten. Damit haben wir in der Tat den Gegensatz zu demjenigen kennengelernt, was als erstes, als Innerlichstes zugleich beim Menschen auftritt: das Aufblitzen des Ich-Bewußtseins. Das tritt schon in den ersten Jahren auf, das Innerste. Das Äußerste, die Form, wird erst in späteren Jahren aufgehalten; das ist sozusagen ein Schlußakt. Damit haben wir die zwei Evolutionen im Menschen kennengelernt als etwas Entgegengesetztes. Von der einen habe ich gesagt: Sie kommt von außen und geht nach innen, sie ergreift im einundzwanzigsten Jahre die Empfindungsseele und so weiter. -— Dann haben wir eine andere Entwickelung der Tatsachen: diese geht von innen nach außen - bis zum Aufhalten des Wachstums der Form. Es geht vom Geistigen ins Körperliche die eine Entwickelung. Die regelmäßige, die vorzugsweise für die Erziehung interessant ist, sie geht von innen nach außen. Die andere, die viel unregelmäßiger, individueller ist, geht von außen nach innen und drückt sich aus, wenn der Mensch ein bestimmtes Alter erreicht hat, in dem Abschluß des Äußerlichsten, des physischen Leibes.

So haben wir zwei im entgegengesetzten Sinne wirkende Entwickelungslinien im Menschen. Das ist für den Erzieher sehr wichtig zu wissen. Daher ist mit Recht in dem Buche «Die Erziehung des Kindes vom Gesichtspunkte der Geisteswissenschaft » auf die erste Entwickelungsreihe Rücksicht genommen, die von innen nach außen geht, weil man nur dort erziehen kann. Auf die andere Entwickelungsreihe, die von außen nach innen, kann man überhaupt nicht einwirken: das ist die individuelle Entwickelung. Das ist etwas, was man zwar berücksichtigen kann, was man aber nicht aufhalten kann und woran man nicht viel erziehen kann. Und das zu unterscheiden, woran man erziehen und nicht erziehen kann, ist von der allergrößten Bedeutung.

Ebenso wie von den zurückgebliebenen Geistern der Form das Aufhalten des Wachstumes herrührt, so rührt von den zurückgebliebenen Geistern des Willens das erste Auftreten des Ich im Menschen her, wie es im ersten Kindheitsalter aufblitzt. Und dazwischen liegen noch mehrere Tatsachen, wo zurückgebliebene Geister der Weisheit, zurückgebliebene Geister der Bewegung wirken.

Nun kann man das Gesamtleben des Menschen, mit Einschluß des Lebens zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt, nicht charakterisieren, wenn man nicht alle Faktoren zusammenfaßt, die auf den Menschen Einfluß haben, wenn man nicht weiß, daß sich schon im gewöhnlichen Leben der Einfluß luziferisch gearteter Naturen in der mannigfaltigsten Weise zeigt. Der Einfluß luziferisch gearteter Naturen zeigt sich aber auch in vielem andern im Leben. Und weil wir in diesen Vorträgen versuchen wollen, das Gesamtleben des Menschen sozusagen aus dem Fundament heraus zu verstehen, so wollen wir es nicht scheuen, auch auf etwas weitere Ausholungen uns einzulassen.

Zunächst sei auf eine Erscheinung aufmerksam gemacht, die uns aber zeigen kann, daß auch auf dem physischen Plan, also zwischen Geburt und Tod, das Leben im Verlaufe der Menschheitsevolution sich wesentlich geändert hat. Und wenn wir dies verstehen, so werden wir auch einsehen können, inwiefern sich das Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt geändert hat. Wer heute das Leben verstandesmäßig, aber oberflächlich betrachtet, der kann leicht glauben, daß es in den Hauptsachen immer so gewesen ist wie heute. Es war aber nicht immer so. Und für gewisse Erscheinungen brauchen wir nur wenige Jahrhunderte zurückzugehen und werden finden, daß gewisse Dinge ganz anders waren. So gibt es heute etwas, was für des Menschen Seelenleben zwischen Geburt und Tod unendlich wichtig ist, und was in der heutigen Weise in noch gar nicht lange verflossenen Jahrhunderten nicht vorhanden war. Das ist das, was man heute in den Ausdruck der «öffentlichen Meinung » faßt. Noch im 13. Jahrhundert wäre es ein Unsinn gewesen, so von einer Öffentlichen Meinung zu sprechen, wie wir das heute tun. Man spricht heute viel gegen den Autoritätsglauben. Aber heute ist der Autoritätsglaube viel drückender vorhanden, als er in den so oft geschmähten früheren Jahrhunderten vorhanden gewesen ist. Damals waren gewiß auch Mißstände zu finden; aber einen so blinden Autoritätsglauben hat es nicht gegeben. Die Blindheit des Autoritätsglaubens drückt sich ja in der Regel dadurch aus, daß die Autorität nicht zu fassen ist. Heute wird sich der Mensch sehr bald geschlagen fühlen — ob dieses oder jenes gesagt wird, aus diesen oder jenen Grundlagen -, wenn man sagt: Aber die Wissenschaft hat dieses oder jenes bewiesen. — In früheren Jahrhunderten haben die Menschen mehr gegeben auf Autoritäten, die ihnen leibhaftig entgegengetreten sind. Aber jenes nicht zu fassende Wesen, was damit gemeint wird, daß man sagt: Die Wissenschaft hat das bewiesen -, ist ein sehr fragwürdiges Ding. In dem, was damit bezeichnet wird, liegt etwas, was heute einen Autoritätsglauben begründet gegenüber einem Unfaßbaren, wie er in früheren Jahrhunderten nicht vorhanden gewesen ist. Mit Dingen, von denen in einer gewissen Beziehung, das ist wirklich wahr, der einfachste, primitivste Mensch in früheren Jahrhunderten versucht hat, nach seiner Art ein wenig zu wissen, etwas zu wissen über gesundes und krankes Leben zum Beispiel, werden sich die Menschen heute, in unserer Kultur, meistens recht wenig befassen. Denn wozu braucht heute jemand etwas zu wissen über gesundes und krankes Leben? Das wissen ja die Ärzte, und denen kann man ja die Verwaltung über Gesundheit und Krankheit übertragen! Das ist auch etwas von dem, was heute in das Kapitel hineinfällt: eine unauffindbare, allergrößte Autorität. Aber was stellt sich nicht noch in das Leben zwischen uns allüberall hinein, wovon der Mensch seit frühester Jugend abhängig wird, wodurch sich Urteile, Empfindungsrichtungen in unser Leben, von frühester Jugend angefangen, hereindrängen! Dieses Herumschwirrende, diese zwischen den Menschen lebenden Strömungen bezeichnet man ja gewöhnlich als öffentliche Meinung, von der Philosophen den Satz ausgesprochen haben: Öffentliche Meinungen sind meist private Irrtümer. -— Dennoch aber kommt es nicht darauf an, daß man weiß, daß öffentliche Meinungen meist private Irrtümer sind, sondern daß die öffentlichen Meinungen auf das Leben des einzelnen eine ungeheure Macht ausüben. Für das 13. Jahrhundert würde jemand die Geschichte ganz töricht betrachten, wenn er von einer öffentlichen Meinung für das Leben des einzelnen sprechen wollte. Damals gab es einzelne Persönlichkeiten; die übten allerdings eine Autorität aus in bezug auf dieses oder jenes; denen gehorchte man, sei es in praktischen Dingen oder in Dingen der Verwaltung. Aber was die unpersönliche öffentliche Meinung heute geworden ist, das hat es damals nicht gegeben. Wer dies aus den okkulten Tatsachen nicht glauben will, der studiere einmal aus jenen Jahrhunderten — auch noch in späteren Zeiten - zum Beispiel die Geschichte von Florenz, als die Leitung der Stadt übergegangen war auf die Mediceer. Da wird er schen, wie die einzelnen Autoritäten mächtig sind, aber eine öffentliche Meinung war noch nicht vorhanden. Die bildete sich erst heraus in einer Zeit, die vier bis fünf Jahrhunderte gegenüber unserer Zeit zurückliegt, und man kann geradezu von einem Aufkommen der öffentlichen Meinung sprechen. Solche Dinge muß man als Reälitäten ansehen. Es ist eine reale Sphäre, eine Sphäre herumschwirrender Gedanken!

Woher kommt nun dies, was wir oft wie unkonstatierbar aufnehmen? Was ist diese öffentliche Meinung?

Vielleicht erinnern Sie sich, daß ich von solchen geistigen Wesenheiten gesprochen habe, welche den Hierarchien unmittelbar über den Menschen angehören und welche in verschiedener Weise an der Menschenführung beteiligt sind. Sie brauchen nur mein Buch «Die geistige Führung des Menschen und der Menschheit» in die Hand zu nehmen, und Sie werden dort manches über solche, den höheren Hierarchien angehörige geistige Wesenheiten finden. Nun wissen wir auch, daß der größte Einschnitt in der irdischen Menschheitsentwickelung der ist, welcher durch das Mysterium von Golgatha geschehen ist. Dadurch ist etwas geschehen, was im Grunde genommen schon die Esoterik des Paulus in der wunderbarsten Weise zum Ausdruck bringt. Paulus hat einfach gesprochen, aber der Art, wie er spricht, liegt eine tiefe Esoterik zugrunde. Paulus konnte nicht immer das, was er als ein Eingeweihter wußte, so ohne weiteres sagen: denn erstens wollte er für einen größeren Kreis sprechen und zweitens war es in seiner Zeit nicht möglich, alles, was er wußte, in der Art zu sagen, wie er die Dinge sagen konnte. Aber seiner ganzen Art der Vorstellung liegt tiefe Esoterik zugrunde. Da finden wir zum Beispiel, daß eine tief bedeutsame Tatsache seiner Unterscheidung des «ersten Adam» und des «höheren Adam», des Christus, zugrunde liegt. Von dem ersten Adam stammen in seinem Sinne die verschiedenen Menschengenerationen ab, indem die Leiber von Adam abstammen. Daher werden wir sagen können: Die physische Verbreitung der Menschheit über die Erde hin, in den verschiedenen Perioden, führt zuletzt auf den physischen Leib des Adam - natürlich Adam und Eva zurück. - Dann werden wir fragen: Was liegt zugrunde der physischen Entwickelung der Menschheit von Adam an? - Natürlich Seelenentwickelung! In den physischen Leibern, die von Adam abstammen, leben Seelen drinnen. Diese Seelen, die von dem Weltenraum herabkamen, haben eine gewisse spirituelle Erbschaft, eine Erbschaft an spirituellem Gut mit auf die Erde gebracht. Aber dieses spirituelle Gut ist im Laufe der Zeit einem Niedergang ausgesetzt gewesen. Menschen, die zum Beispiel im 6., 7. Jahrtausend vor der Begründung des Christentums gelebt haben, haben einen intensiveren, weiterreichenden spirituellen Inhalt gehabt als Menschen, die im 1. Jahrtausend vor dem Mysterium von Golgatha gelebt haben. Das Gut, das die Menschen einmal mitbekommen haben, ist allmählich in der Seele zurückgegangen, versickert. Es kommt ja für das spirituelle Gut besonders das Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt in Betracht. Wir können auch sagen: Wenn wir weit zurückgehen in die Zeit vor dem Mysterium von Golgatha, so finden wir, daß die Menschen nach dem Tode ein reges, durchleuchtetes Seelenleben haben; dann aber wird das Seelenleben immer düsterer und düsterer, immer dunkler und ‚dunkler; die Menschen nehmen immer mehr nur ein dämmerhaftes Seelenleben mit, wenn sie durch den Tod durchgehen. Besonders bei den fortgeschrittensten Völkern, zum Beispiel bei den Griechen, war es tatsächlich so, daß diese Griechen, trotzdem sie das fortgeschrittenste Volk des Erdballs waren, in ihren Weisen, im Sinne des Fortschrittes in der Entwickelung, wohl sagen konnten: «Lieber ein Bettler sein in der Oberwelt, als ein König im Reiche der Schatten! » Das ist ein Ausspruch, von dem wir wissen, daß er auf das griechische Volk paßte, weil die Griechen ein vollgesättigtes Leben auf dem physischen Plan durchleben konnten; sobald sie aber durch den Tod gegangen waren, war ihr Leben ein schattenhaftes.

Das ist eine volle Wahrheit, daß dieses spirituelle Leben, das die Menschen mitbekommen haben und das sich nach dem Tode zeigte als ein hellseherischeres oder dämmerhafteres Bewußtsein, heruntergestiegen war zu einem dumpfen Leben. Und besonders im vierten nachatlantischen Zeitraum, dem griechisch-lateinischen, in welchem das Mysterium von Golgatha sich abspielte, war es am dunkelsten schon geworden.

Das ist das Bedeutsame an der Taufe durch Johannes den Täufer, daß für gewisse Leute, die er taufte, diese eben charakterisierte Tatsache zum Bewußtsein gebracht werden sollte. Die Menschen, die er taufte, tauchte er voll ins Wasser ein. Sein Taufen war ein völliges Untertauchen. Dadurch wurde der Ätherleib solcher Menschen herausgehoben und sie wurden eine kurze Spanne Zeit unter Wasser hellsichtig. Was ihnen Johannes zeigen konnte, war die Tatsache, daß der Mensch im Laufe der Zeiten in bezug auf sein Seelenleben so zurückgegangen ist, daß er nur noch wenig von dem einstigen spirituellen Gut hatte, das er durch die Pforte des Todes durchtragen konnte und das ihm ein hellscherisches Bewußtsein geben konnte. Und dem, der so durch Johannes getauft wurde, dem gab es die Einsicht: Es ist eine Neubelebung des Seelenlebens notwendig. Es mußte etwas Neues in die Seelen einstrahlen, damit sich wieder ein Leben nach dem Tode entwickeln könne. Und dieses Neue ist in die Seelen eingestrahlt durch das Mysterium von Golgatha. Sie brauchen nur den Vortragszyklus «Von Jesus zu Christus» nachzulesen und Sie werden sehen, daß von dem Mysterium von Golgatha ein reiches spirituelles Leben ausgeht, das auf die einzelnen Menschen, die hier auf der Erde eine Beziehung zu dem Mysterium von Golgatha entwickeln, einstrahlt. Und von da aus beleben sich wieder die Seelen.

Deshalb konnte Paulus sagen: So wie die physischen Menschenkörper von Adam abstammen, so werden immer mehr und mehr die Seeleninhalte der Menschen von dem Christus, von dem zweiten Adam, dem geistigen Adam, abstammen. — Das ist eine tiefe Wahrheit, welche da Paulus in seine einfachen Worte hineingelegt hat. Wäre nämlich das Mysterium von Golgatha nicht gekommen, so würden die Menschen immer mehr und mehr an Seeleninhalt verloren haben und würden entweder nur zu der Sehnsucht gekommen sein, außerhalb des physischen Leibes zu leben, oder würden nur mit Begierden und Wünschen nach einem rein physischen Leben auf der Erde fortleben, würden immer materialistischer und materialistischer werden. Weil alles langsam und allmählich geschieht, so ist heute noch nicht für alle Erdbevölkerung das ursprüngliche spirituelle Gut versiegt; es gibt noch immer Erdenvölker, die etwas von dem alten spirituellen Gut haben, trotzdem sie keine Beziehung zu dem Mysterium von Golgatha gefunden haben. Aber gerade die fortgeschrittensten Völker können nur ein Bewußtsein nach dem Tode in dem Sinne erringen, als sie in die Lage kommen, «in den Christus hineinzusterben», wie der mittlere Teil der Rosenkreuzerformel sagt. So daß tatsächlich dieses Mysterium von Golgatha wie eine Art Durchstrahlung des Seeleninhaltes der Menschen auf der Erde gewirkt hat.

Wenn wit dies in entsprechender Weise ins Auge fassen, so haben wir mit Bezug auf die Entwickelungslinie des Menschen Verständnis gewonnen für eine ganz bestimmte Frage, für die Frage: Was ist denn da eigentlich noch geschehen, indem sozusagen die Menschen die Fähigkeit bekommen haben, durch das Verständnis des Mysteriums von Golgatha, eigenen, in ihr Ich hineinstrahlenden Seeleninhalt zu bekommen? Wie unterscheidet sich dieser Seeleninhalt von jenem andern, der vor dem Mysterium von Golgatha wie ein altes Erbgut da war? j

Der Unterschied ist der, daß die Menschen vor dem Mysterium von Golgatha in einer viel unselbständigeren Weise diesen Seeleninhalt besaßen. Sie waren also in einer viel unmittelbareren Führung der Wesenheiten, welche wir als Angeloi, Archangeloi und so weiter als die Wesenheiten der nächst höheren Hierarchien kennen. Diese Wesenheiten der nächst höheren Hierarchien führten die Menschen viel, viel unselbständiger vor dem Mysterium von Golgatha als nach demselben. Und der Fortschritt wiederum dieser Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien — Angeloi, Archangeloi, Archai — besteht darin, daß sie ihrerseits gelernt haben, immer mehr und mehr die Führung des Menschen in einer die Selbständigkeit des Menschen achtenden Weise zu vollbringen. Immer selbständiger und selbständiger sollten die Menschen auf der Erde leben. Das haben die führenden geistigen Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien ihrerseits gelernt, und darin besteht ihr Fortschritt.

Aber auch diese Geister sind so, daß sie zurückbleiben können. Nicht alle Geister, welche an der Führung des Menschen beteiligt waren, haben wirklich durch das Mysterium von Golgatha die Fähigkeit erlangt, in freier Weise Lenker und Leiter der Menschen zu werden. Es sind von diesen Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien welche zurückgeblieben, haben luziferischen Charakter angenommen. Und zu dem, was einzelne von ihnen ausleben, gehört zum Beispiel das, was wir heute öffentliche Meinung nennen. Öffentliche Meinung wird nicht bloß von Menschen gemacht, sondern auch von einer gewissen Art auf der untersten Stufe stehender luziferischer Geister, zurückgebliebener Engel, Erzengel. Diese beginnen erst ihre luziferische Laufbahn, sind noch nicht sehr hoch gestiegen in der Rangordnung ‚der luziferischen Geister; aber luziferische Geister sind es. Man kann mit Seherblick verfolgen, wie gewisse Geister der höheren Hierarchien die Entwickelung nach dem Mysterium von Golgatha nicht mitmachen, wie sie sich verhärten in der alten Art der Führung und daher nicht unmittelbar an die Menschen herankommen können. Die, welche die Entwickelung mitgemacht haben, können in einer regulären Weise an den Menschen herankommen; die sie nicht mitgemacht haben, können nicht heran, und sie wirken in einer verschwommenen, durcheinanderflutenden Gedankenmacht der öffentlichen Meinung. Man versteht auch die Funktion der öffentlichen Meinung nur, wenn man weiß, daß sie in dieser Art in die Menschheit hineinkommt.

So also haben wir unmittelbar unter uns die Erscheinung, daß sich Wesenheiten aus einer regulären Entwickelung herausbegeben und luziferischen Charakter annehmen. Es ist wichtig, daß man das weiß. Denn jene luziferischen Wesenheiten, welche wir schon kennengelernt haben, und die größere Macht haben, sie haben ja auch «im kleinen » begonnen. Das ganze Heer der luziferischen Wesenheiten hat im kleinen begonnen. Allerdings gab es auf dem alten Mond keine öffentliche Meinung, aber etwas, was sich damit vergleichen läßt, gab es auch, eine Art Führung der Menschen. Und wenn wir dieses Heer der luziferischen Geister ins Auge fassen - was wir sonst als luziferische Geister angeführt haben, sind mächtige, bedeutende Wesenheiten, zum Beispiel die, welche Geister der Form sind und an den Menschen so heranschwirren, daß sie sein Wachstum aufhalten -, wenn wir aber von den anderen jetzt sprechen, von dem Heer der luziferischen Geister, so sind das gleichsam erst die Rekruten; aber es beginnt da etwas mit der Karriere der luziferischen Geister, was erst später ganz andere Dimensionen annehmen wird, weil die Geister, die da eingreifen, immer mächtiger und mächtiger werden. Die öffentliche Meinung, welche da an den Menschen herantritt und die gelenkt und geleitet wird von gewissen luziferischen Wesenheiten niederster Natur, die muß, weil sie sozusagen der Mensch aufnimmt zwischen Geburt und Tod, auch ihr Gegengewicht haben in dem Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt. Das heißt: der Mensch muß, weil er in dem Leben zwischen Geburt und Tod in eine solche Strömung eingefangen wird, wie sie jetzt charakterisiert worden ist, ein entsprechendes Gegengewicht erleben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt. Denn würde er das nicht erleben, so würde sich das Folgende zutragen.

Diejenigen Geister, welche da zurückgeblieben sind und die öffentliche Meinung machen, haben gar keine Bedeutung, gar keine Gewalt mehr für das Leben, das der Mensch durchmacht zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt. Sie haben sich dieser Macht, dort zu wirken, vollständig begeben, weil sie schon hier auf dem physischen Plan wirken, auf geistige Art wirken, und zwar auf eine Art, wie es nur als öffentliche Meinung möglich ist. Von der öffentlichen Meinung kann der Mensch nichts mitnehmen in die geistige Welt. Alles, was er davon mitnehmen wollte, würde sich höchst deplaciert ausnehmen, wenn wir es anwenden würden nach dem Tode. Es muß schon gesagt werden, trotzdem es manchem sehr sonderbar erscheinen wird: alle die öffentlichen Urteile, alles, was den Menschen in bezug auf sein Urteil verhältnismäßig sehr früh einfängt, macht ihm sein Leben im Kamaloka schwierig, wenn eran diesen Dingen hängt und sie ihm lieb geworden sind. Und besonders solche Menschen, welche innerhalb der öffentlichen Meinung glauben, daß man sein eigenes Urteil hat — denn das hat man da nie —, machen sich höchstens ihr Kamaloka schwierig. Aber nach dem Kamaloka hat die öffentliche Meinung gar keine Bedeutung mehr. Und für die Zustände nach dem Tode hat es wahrhaftig nicht den geringsten Wert, ob selbst solche Nuancen der öffentlichen Meinung die Menschen haben wie liberal oder konservativ, radikal oder reaktionär. Das ist etwas, was für die Gliederung der verschiedenen Gruppierung der Menschen keine Bedeutung hat, und was auch nur auf der Erde begründet wird, um die Menschen von dem Fortschritt abzuhalten, den sie machen sollen zur Erhellung des Bewußtseins, das nach dem Tode wirkt. Diese Wesenheiten, die hinter der öffentlichen Meinung stehen, wollten zurückbleiben hinter dem Fortschritt, der durch das Mysterium von Golgatha geschehen ist. Für die Erdentwickelung aber wird das Mysterium von Golgatha eine immer größere und größere Bedeutung gewinnen. Und wir-müssen uns durchaus klar sein, daß die Zukunft der Erdentwickelung nicht etwa so geschehen kann, daß man diese Dinge - öffentliche Meinung und dergleichen -, die eine Notwendigkeit in der Entwickelung darstellen, verbessern kann. Besser können die Menschen in ihrem Innern werden. Daher muß die Entwickelung immer mehr und mehr in das Innere eingreifen; so daß der Mensch in der Zukunft viel mehr einer öffentlichen Meinung gegenüberstehen wird, aber sein Inneres wird stärker geworden sein. Das kann nur durch die Geisteswissenschaft geschehen. Aber daß der Mensch immer mehr und mehr denjenigen Geistern gewachsen sein kann, die als Rekruten der luziferischen Wesen sich jetzt geltend machen und deren Geltendmachen sich jetzt ausdrückt in der öffentlichen Meinung, das wird nur dadurch möglich sein, daß der Mensch auch zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt etwas durchmacht, was wieder sein Inneres stärker macht, was dasjenige in ihm stärker macht, das unabhängig ist vom Erdenleben. Während er sich gerade durch die öffentliche Meinung vom Erdenleben abhängiger und abhängiger macht, muß er zwischen dem Tode und der neuen Geburt etwas aufnehmen, was ihn im nächsten Erdenleben immer freier und freier von der öffentlichen Meinung macht.

Damit hängt zusammen, daß gerade in der Zeit, als die öffentliche Meinung heraufkommt und eine Bedeutung gewinnt, begründet wird was hier in unseren Vorträgen in der Weihnachtszeit dargestellt worden ist - das Buddha-Reich auf dem Mars, so daß der Mensch zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt durchgeht durch das Buddha-Reich auf dem Mars. Christian Rosenkreutz hatte dem Buddha die Mission gegeben, in besonderer Weise auf dem Mars zu wirken. Und das, was hier auf der Erde nicht taugen würde: das Fliehen-Wollen, das LoskommenWollen von den irdischen Verhältnissen, das muß der Mensch durchmachen zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt, während er die Mars-Sphäre durchläuft. Da wird unter anderm das errungen, daß er die Hülle der nur für die Erde taugenden öffentlichen Meinung wieder abstreift. Denn noch viel drückendere Dinge werden in der Zukunft kommen, und noch viel notwendiger wird es sein, das durchzumachen, was der Mensch als Schüler des Buddha auf dem Mars durchmachen kann. Hier auf der Erde können die Menschen nur Schüler des Buddha sein, wenn sie nicht mitwollen mit dem fortgeschrittenen Teil der Erdbevölkerung. Aber zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt entfaltet der Buddha das, was aus seiner Lehre geworden ist, was er hier geltend gemacht hat - daß der Mensch frei werden soll von den Verkörperungen -, als eine Lehre, die nicht dem Leben auf der Erde dient, welches von Verkörperung zu Verkörperung fortgehen soll. Was er damals gab, war mit der Anlage versehen für den Menschen im entkörperten Zustand. Die fortgeschrittene Buddha-Lehre ist die richtige für die Zeit zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt. Und wie Buddha erschienen ist im astralischen Leibe des Lukas-Jesusknaben, so wiederum führt der Christus selber die Menschen zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt, indem er sie durch die Mars-Sphäre geleitet, damit sie die fortgeschrittene Buddha-Lehre aufnehmen können. So daß die Menschen in der Sphäre des Mars frei werden können von dem, was sie — untauglich für ihren weiteren Fortschritt auf der Erde — durch das Uniformierende der öffentlichen Meinung aufnehmen. Und wenn der Mars tatsächlich in früheren Zeiten bezeichnet wurde als der Planet der kriegerischen Tugenden, so hat allerdings der Buddha nach und nach die Aufgabe, diese kriegerischen Tugenden so im Menschen zu verwandeln, daß sie freien, unabhängigen Sinn in der heute notwendig gewordenen Art begründen. Während der Mensch heute sein Freiheitsgefühl hinzugeben geneigt ist an das, was als öffentliche Meinung die Menschen immer mehr fesseln will, wird er gerade auf dem Mars zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt das Streben haben, sich diesen Fesseln zu entwinden und sie nicht wieder in das Leben der Erde hereinzubringen, wenn er wieder zur neuen Verkörperung kommt.

In diesem Zusammenhang haben wir etwas, was, wie mir scheint, in der wunderbarsten Weise charakterisiert, wie Weisheit in der Welt waltet, wie alles, was vorschreitet und zurückbleibt, in der Tat zuletzt in der Weltentwickelung so gelenkt wird, daß die Harmonie dieser Weltentwickelung das letzte Resultat doch ist. Der Mensch kann nämlich wirklich nicht, sozusagen in der mittleren Linie, seinen Fortschritt bewirken. Das erlangen ja manche, daß sie einsehen - ich habe es vielleicht auch hier schon erwähnt -, daß man sich nicht einseitig auf den Boden dieses oder jenes Standpunktes stellen kann. Wir sehen allerdings draußen in der Welt Idealisten, Materialisten und andere «isten» in entsprechender Weise auf ihren Standpunkt schwören. Große Geister wie Goethe zum Beispiel tun es nicht; sie suchen den materiellen Verhältnissen durch materielles Denken, dem Geistigen durch idealistisches Denken beizukommen. Wenn dann kleinere Geister dies erfaßt zu haben glauben, so sagen sie: Zwischen zwei verschiedenen Standpunkten liegt die Wahrheit in der Mitte. - Das wäre etwa dasselbe, als wenn sich jemand im praktischen Leben zwischen zwei Stühle setzen wollte. Aber es wird erst die Wahrheit gefunden, wenn man sich nicht in einseitiger Weise auf diesen oder jenen Standpunkt stellt, das heißt, wenn man imstande ist, das, was als Erkenntnisart der Materialismus hat und was als solche der Idealismus hat, in entsprechender Weise anzuwenden. Die Welt kommt nicht dadurch vorwärts, daß man immer die Mitte hält; die Mitte ist in entsprechender Weise dann vorhanden, wenn auch die einzelnen Seiten vorhanden sind, und wenn man sie als Kräfte berücksichtigt. Wenn man zum Beispiel etwas auf einer Waage wiegen will, so braucht man nicht nur das, was in der Mitte der Waage ist, sondern auch die beiden Waageschalen. So muß auch neben dem, was die öffentliche Meinung ist, deren Gegenpol vorhanden sein: die Buddha-Lehre auf dem Mars, die nicht da wäre, wenn die öffentliche Meinung nicht gekommen wäre. Das Lebendige braucht die Polarität, braucht den Gegensatz; man kann nicht nur die einzelnen Gegensätze fortschaffen wollen, sondern das Leben schreitet vor in der Polarität. - Es könnte ja jemand glauben, daß es besser wäre, da der Südpol und der Nordpol der Erde entgegengesetzt sind, es gäbe beide nicht! Wenn sie auch nicht so entgegengesetzt sind, wie jener Professor meinte, von dem es heißt, er habe so schnell seine Bücher geschrieben, daß er nicht dabei nachdenken konnte, und daher sei es passiert, daß er den Satz hinschrieb: Die Kultur konnte sich nur entwickeln in der mittleren Zone der Erde, denn auf dem Nordpol würde die Kultur erfrieren vor Kälte und auf dem Südpol verschmelzen vor Hitze, — aber in anderer Beziehung sind Nordpol und Südpol wirklich polarische Gegensätze, die vorhanden sein müssen, weil nicht durch das Neutrale, sondern durch das Aufrechterhalten und Sich-Harmonisieren der Gegensätze fortgeschritten werden kann. So mußte das, was auf der Erde sich entwickelt, eine Entwickelung durchmachen, die unter das Niveau des Fortschrittes hinuntergeht. Denn die öffentliche Meinung ist weniger wert, als was sich der einzelne als Meinung, wenn er fortschreitet, erringen kann. Sie ist untermenschlich. Diesem Untermenschlichen steht die BuddhaStrömung entgegen, die der Mensch durchmacht zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt. Beide müssen da sein. Das ist außerordentlich wichtig in der Entwickelung zu berücksichtigen.

Also es ist wirklich so, daß wir sagen können: Ja, es gibt zurückgebliebene Geister; aber alles, was auf der einen Seite zurückbleibt, was auf der anderen Seite hinausschreitet über die Entwickelung, das alles wird durch die gesamte Weisheit der Welt so gestellt, daß zuletzt die Harmonie herauskommt. Die zurückgebliebenen Geister werden verwendet, um immer den entgegengesetzten Pol zu bezeichnen von weiter vorwärtsgeschrittenen Geistern.

Wenn wir so das Leben betrachten, dann wird uns klar werden, wie der Mensch gegen die Zukunft der Erdentwickelung hin immer mehr und mehr Anlagen in das Leben hereinbringen wird, welche in anderer Weise sich geltend machen als die rein physischen Anlagen. Und das wird etwas sein, was immer mehr und mehr zeigen wird, daß man auch noch mit anderen Anlagen des Menschen wird zu rechnen haben als mit rein physischen. Physische Anlagen wird man finden — wenn sie auch nach und nach sich erst zeigen -, die bis in das Säuglingsalter zurückverfolgt werden können; aber es wird andere Anlagen allmählich geben, die sich nicht bis ins Säuglingsalter zurück verfolgen lassen, sondern die in einer gewissen deutlichen Weise erst im späteren Menschenalter auftreten. Und das wird eine Eigentümlichkeit der Entwickelung gegen die Zukunft zu sein, daß es immer mehr Menschen geben wird, von denen man wird sagen müssen: Was ist da eigentlich mit dem Menschen in einem bestimmten Lebensalter geschehen? Er ist wie ausgewechselt, wie ein anderer geworden! — Das wird sich immer mehr und mehr zeigen. Es werden sich Anlagen zeigen, die früher ganz und gar nicht veranlagt waren, die erst in einem bestimmten Alter auftreten. Das werden die weitestentwickelten Seelen sein, die etwas wie einen gewissen Bruch im Leben aufweisen - denn, daß der Mensch ein Buddha-Schüler war im Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt, das zeigt sich nicht sogleich, sondern erst im späteren Lebensalter -, und das wird der Fall sein bei denen, von denen wir sagen können: Bis zu einem gewissen Zeitpunkte konnten wir sie verfolgen, da haben sie ihre individuellen Eigenschaften gezeigt; dann treten ganz neue Richtlinien auf, sie bekamen Verständnis für etwas ganz anderes, als wofür sie vorher Verständnis gezeigt haben. Das werden diejenigen Menschen sein, die auch in der Zukunft viel mehr die Träger des wahren geistigen Fortschrittes sein werden, die vielleicht sogar nur als Leute gelten werden, die sich spät entwickeln, weil man glauben wird: Er war früher eben unentwickelt, deshalb kamen diese Eigenschaften erst spät heraus. — In Wahrheit wird es aber so sein, daß diese Menschen im späteren Leben erst die Eigenschaften hervorbringen, die so ihnen eigen sind, aus dem Grunde, weil sie in früheren Erdeninkarnationen sich die Ursachen gelegt haben, um durchgehen zu können in besonders intensiver Weise durch die Marskultur und sich dort Anlagen erwerben konnten, durch welche sie originell wirken konnten innerhalb der Menschheitsentwickelung, einen neuen Einschlag der Menschheitsentwickelung bringen konnten. Deshalb werden für die eigentliche spirituelle Kultur immer mehr und mehr jene Menschen eintreten, welche sozusagen - ich habe das schon einmal von einem andern Gesichtspunkte aus erörtert — von ihrer Jugend an weniger Anlagen zeigen für einen solchen spirituellen Standpunkt, den sie im späteren Leben einnehmen.

Und wir sehen jetzt, daß es aus diesem Grunde ist, daß in der rosenkreuzerischen Richtung immer eine Tatsache hervorgehoben worden ist, die wir ja in den verflossenen Zeiten anführen konnten, aber — weil wir nicht so weit in der Charakteristik waren, wie wir jetzt sind — sie nicht begründen konnten. Die, welche im rosenkreuzerischen Sinne das Initiationsprinzip im Abendlande vertraten, haben immer ausdrücklich hervorgehoben, daß es unmöglich ist, für die eigentlichen führenden Individualitäten schon in der Kindheit herauszufinden, daß sie führende Individualitäten sind, weil dies Individualitäten sind, bei denen im angedeuteten Sinne sich eine Art von Bruch im späteren Leben zeigt. - Wenn der Seher heute über den Buddha spricht, so weiß er vor allen Dingen, daß Buddha treulich gehalten hat, was seine Lehre versprochen hat: er hat fortgefahren, für dasjenige im Menschen zu wirken, was nicht unmittelbar nach der physischen Körperlichkeit hin drängt, was daher auch nicht von Anfang an in der physischen Körperlichkeit inkarniert erscheint, sondern erst dann in den Menschen hineingeht, wenn die physische Körperlichkeit eine gewisse Entwickelung durchgemacht hat, wenn sie bis zu einer gewissen Stufe an den Geist herangekommen ist. Dann kommt das, was der Buddha den Menschen gibt. Das tritt dann erst im späteren Lebensalter auf.

Das müssen wir berücksichtigen, wenn wir die vollständige Entwickelung des Menschenwesens verstehen wollen. Was sich für den einzelnen Menschen daraus ergibt in bezug auf das Leben zwischen Geburt und Tod, davon später.

Seventh Lecture

Over the course of this winter, we have held various events in order to understand more precisely than has been possible in previous years the life of human beings, that is, the whole of human life, as it proceeds on the one hand between birth and death in the physical world and on the other hand between death and new birth in the spiritual world. We will have more to discuss on this subject in the course of this winter.

It will now be necessary for us to endeavor to gather together various details that can contribute to a complete understanding of this matter, and also to shed light in a very special way on some things that we have already considered from other angles. I would ask you today, above all else, to remember how we have viewed the course of human physical life, also in the spirit of the little book “The Education of the Child from the Perspective of Spiritual Science,” and how we have divided this course into cycles: a cycle from birth to about the age of seven, or let us say until the change of teeth; a second cycle from the change of teeth to sexual maturity, approximately until the age of fourteen; then a third cycle, that is, cycles of seven years each. It will be clear to you that even from what can be observed externally, the division into life cycles is entirely justified; but on the other hand, it is also understandable that in the real life of human beings these cycles are not followed exactly, and that other factors deeply rooted in human life interfere with these cycles, so to speak. We ourselves have repeatedly emphasized an important fact that deeply affects human life and which, so to speak, falls outside this division into cycles. This is the point in time up to which a person can remember their life and from which they begin to actually know and feel themselves as an I, i.e., the onset of I-consciousness, the point in time up to which a person can later remember back in their memory. This fact does not always occur at exactly the same time, but usually somewhere between birth and the age of seven; this is when ego-consciousness breaks in upon the human being. And something similar can be said for later life. Even if something does not break into human life as abruptly as this flash of ego-consciousness, there are other things that blur the pure seven-year cycle period in human life. However, we will always be able to say that everything that enters human life in this way and, as it were, disrupts the cycle period, occurs much more irregularly than the actual cyclical experiences. For example, it is unlikely that you will find two people who can remember back to exactly the same point in time, who experienced the flash of ego-consciousness at exactly the same time. Of course, two people do not lose their teeth at exactly the same time either. But we will have to discuss why this is not the case.

If we consider the cyclical periods we mentioned earlier, which are also discussed in my book on child education, we can say that these periods have a very specific characteristic: they begin, so to speak, with the most physical aspect of the human being, with the most external aspect, and then move more inward. We speak of the fact that from birth to the age of seven, development is devoted primarily to the physical body, then to the etheric body, then to the astral body, the sentient soul, and so on. Thus, the factors of development move more and more from the outer to the inner. That is the peculiarity of these seven-year periods. |

What about what interferes in the manner just mentioned and disrupts these life cycles? The flash of ego-consciousness in the first cycle is something very inner, something extraordinarily inner. To clarify this relationship, let us consider what stands in contrast to this flash of ego-consciousness.

If we consider human life in a meaningful way, we find that the cessation of growth, which also occurs at some point in human life, can in a certain sense be compared to a fact that intervenes in life, as it were, crossing the seven-year periods of development. Let us now consider the cessation of growth, which occurs very late in human life, that is, the fact that human beings eventually stop growing. How does this fit into human life?

If we consider the first seven-year period, we find that it ends with the change of teeth. With the eruption of the teeth, so to speak, the last act of what can be called the living out of the form principle is given. The formative forces of the human being make their last attempt when they drive out the teeth. This is, as it were, the final point in the formation of the human being, for later on the principle that forms the human shape no longer comes into action. With the seventh year, the formative principle is complete. What occurs later is only a growth of what is already present in the form. From the seventh year onwards, the human being no longer undergoes any special transformation of the brain. Only what is already present grows; but the actual form is already completely present in the human being; the rest is growth. We can therefore say that the formative principle unfolds its activity during the first seven years of human life. The formative principle comes from the spirits of form, so that these spirits of form unfold their activity in the human being during the first seven years of life. — I can therefore say: When a human being enters the world through birth, its form is not yet fully formed; rather, the formative principle, the spirits of form, continue to intervene during the first seven years and only after the seventh year have they brought the human being to the point where the form then only needs to grow. But all the formative elements are present by the age of seven, and the second teeth are what the formative principles bring out in the human being. That is the end point of the formative principle. If the formative principle continued to work, the teeth would appear even later or would have to appear later.

Now we can ask the question: Does the fact that these spirits of form continue to shape the human being until the age of seven mean that everything that comes from form spirits is complete for the human being?

That is not the case, but the human being continues to grow; he grows and grows and continues to develop the formative potential. If nothing else were to happen, he would be able to grow continuously; he would be able to grow more and more. For if we consider only the form principles that are active in the human being until the age of seven, there is no reason why these forms should not continue to grow. There is just as little reason for this as there is for the growth of any other beings. Human beings could continue to grow if nothing else were to happen. But something else does happen. When human beings cease to grow, other form principles come into play. They have been creeping up on them all along, but now they unite completely with their organism, taking hold of it in such a way that they form an obstacle and the organism cannot continue to grow. The form principles that are active until the age of seven allow humans to remain elastic. Then other form principles come to humans, and these are such that they capture what is elastic in a closed form and prevent humans from growing further. That is why growth stops at some point. And where growth stops, those form principles that approach humans from outside come into play. Whenever form principles are at work, whenever forms grow, growth must be brought to a halt by form principles from the other side coming to meet the first ones, striving toward them in a polar manner. This is also the case with human beings. So when a human being has developed this form, which is shown in the drawing as the hatched area, by the age of seven, this form can continue to grow. Up to the age of seven, the form principles have been at work within the hatched area. Then other form principles come into play, the first working from within, the second from without, and they oppose the human being so that he can only grow up to the line b-b within the other, lightly hatched area. It is really as if, up to the age of seven, the human being were given a garment that is elastic and that he can continually enlarge. But at a certain point in time, he is given one that is no longer elastic; he must then put it on, and he can no longer grow beyond it.

AltName

We can therefore say that in human beings, form principles from within encounter form principles from without; the former come from the spirits of form, namely from those spirits of form which have undergone a completely regular development in the universe. The form principles from outside are not of the same kind, but come from backward spirits of form, from those spirits of form that have taken on a Luciferic character. These are therefore what work purely spiritually, while what works through the material, in its regular progression, has undergone the correct development through Saturn, the Sun, and the Moon, has come to Earth in a regular manner, and shapes the form of the human being from within the physical. The irregular spirits of form work in such a way that they accept what is offered to them and hold back in the corresponding manner. Thus, human beings are held back in their growth by such backward spirits of form. The beings of the higher hierarchies have the most varied tasks. Among other things, we have also identified one task for them today.

We have now described in various ways how the regular hierarchies work and also how the backward spiritual beings from the various hierarchies work. And we have shown that through the spirits of form — you can read about this yourself in “An Outline of Secret Science” — human beings have actually come into a position where they can acquire the potential for the I. We know that through the Thrones, human beings received their physical constitution, through the Spirits of Wisdom their etheric constitution, through the Spirits of Movement their astral constitution, and that through the Spirits of Form they received the potential for the I in their physical body. If we consider this, we can say that in their outer expression, human beings are initially organized into ego beings by the regular spirits of form, and that this is expressed in their first life cycle; but then their growth is hindered by the adversaries of these spirits of form, by the backward spirits of form. We have thus learned about the contrast to what first appears in humans as the innermost aspect: the flash of self-awareness. This innermost aspect appears in the first years of life. The outermost aspect, the form, is only held back in later years; this is, so to speak, a final act. We have thus come to know the two evolutions in human beings as something opposite. Of one I have said: it comes from outside and goes inward, it seizes the sentient soul at the age of twenty-one, and so on. Then we have another development of facts: this goes from within to without — until the growth of form is halted. One development goes from the spiritual to the physical. The regular one, which is of particular interest for education, goes from the inside to the outside. The other, which is much more irregular and individual, goes from the outside to the inside and expresses itself when the human being has reached a certain age, in the completion of the most external, the physical body.

Thus, we have two lines of development in human beings that work in opposite directions. This is very important for educators to know. Therefore, the book “The Education of the Child from the Perspective of Spiritual Science” rightly takes into account the first line of development, which goes from the inside to the outside, because that is the only place where education can take place. The other line of development, from the outside to the inside, cannot be influenced at all: this is individual development. It is something that can be taken into account, but it cannot be stopped and there is not much that can be done to educate it. And it is of the utmost importance to distinguish between what can be educated and what cannot.

Just as the retarded spirits of form cause growth to be held back, so the first appearance of the I in human beings, as it flashes up in early childhood, is caused by the retarded spirits of the will. And in between there are several other factors at work, where retarded spirits of wisdom and retarded spirits of movement are active.

Now, one cannot characterize the whole life of the human being, including the life between death and rebirth, unless one summarizes all the factors that influence the human being, unless one knows that even in ordinary life the influence of Luciferic natures manifests itself in the most varied ways. However, the influence of Luciferic natures also manifests itself in many other aspects of life. And because we want to try in these lectures to understand the whole of human life, so to speak, from its very foundations, we will not shy away from going into some further detail.

First, let us draw attention to a phenomenon that can show us that even on the physical plane, that is, between birth and death, life has changed significantly in the course of human evolution. And when we understand this, we will also be able to see how life has changed between death and rebirth. Anyone who views life today intellectually but superficially can easily believe that it has always been the same as it is today in the main respects. But this has not always been the case. We need only go back a few centuries to find certain phenomena that prove that certain things were quite different. For example, there is something today that is infinitely important for the soul life of human beings between birth and death, and which did not exist in its present form in centuries that are not so long past. This is what we now refer to as “public opinion.” Even in the 13th century, it would have been nonsense to speak of public opinion as we do today. Today, there is much talk against belief in authority. But today, belief in authority is much more oppressive than it was in the often maligned centuries of the past. Certainly, there were abuses in those days, but there was no such blind belief in authority. The blindness of belief in authority is usually expressed by the fact that authority cannot be grasped. Today, people very quickly feel defeated—whether this or that is said, based on these or those principles—when someone says, “But science has proven this or that.” In earlier centuries, people placed more trust in authorities who stood before them in the flesh. But that intangible entity referred to when one says, “Science has proven this,” is a very questionable thing. What is meant by this term contains something that today establishes a belief in authority over something intangible, something that did not exist in earlier centuries. Things that, in a certain sense, even the simplest, most primitive people in earlier centuries tried to understand in their own way, such as knowing something about healthy and unhealthy living, are things that people today, in our culture, tend to pay very little attention to. After all, why does anyone today need to know anything about healthy and unhealthy living? Doctors know that, and we can entrust them with the administration of health and sickness! That is also part of what falls into this chapter today: an untraceable, supreme authority. But what else intrudes into our lives everywhere, on which human beings become dependent from their earliest youth, through which judgments and feelings force their way into our lives from the earliest days of youth? This swirling, these currents living between people are usually referred to as public opinion, about which philosophers have said: Public opinions are mostly private errors. — Nevertheless, it is not important to know that public opinions are mostly private errors, but that public opinions exert an enormous power over the life of the individual. For the 13th century, it would be foolish to speak of public opinion in relation to the life of the individual. At that time, there were individual personalities who exercised authority in relation to this or that, and people obeyed them, whether in practical matters or in matters of administration. But what has become of impersonal public opinion today did not exist then. Anyone who does not want to believe this from occult facts should study those centuries—even later times—for example, the history of Florence when the leadership of the city passed to the Medici family. There he will see how powerful the individual authorities were, but public opinion did not yet exist. It only developed in a period four to five centuries ago, and one can speak of the emergence of public opinion. Such things must be regarded as realities. It is a real sphere, a sphere of swirling thoughts!

Where does this come from, which we often perceive as unidentifiable? What is this public opinion?

Perhaps you remember that I spoke of spiritual beings who belong to the hierarchies immediately above human beings and who are involved in various ways in the guidance of human beings. You need only pick up my book “The Spiritual Guidance of Human Beings and Humanity” and you will find much about such spiritual beings belonging to the higher hierarchies. Now we also know that the greatest turning point in the earthly development of humanity is the one that occurred through the Mystery of Golgotha. Through this, something happened that is basically already expressed in the most wonderful way in the esoteric teachings of Paul. Paul spoke simply, but the way he spoke was based on deep esoteric knowledge. Paul could not always say what he knew as an initiate, because, first of all, he wanted to speak to a wider audience, and secondly, in his time it was not possible to say everything he knew in the way he could express things. But his whole way of presenting things is based on deep esotericism. We find, for example, that a deeply significant fact underlies his distinction between the “first Adam” and the “higher Adam,” the Christ. In his view, the various generations of human beings are descended from the first Adam, in that their bodies are descended from Adam. We can therefore say that the physical spread of humanity across the earth in various periods ultimately leads back to the physical body of Adam – Adam and Eve, of course. We then ask: What is the basis of the physical development of humanity from Adam onwards? Soul development, of course! Souls live in the physical bodies that descend from Adam. These souls, which came down from the world space, brought with them a certain spiritual inheritance, an inheritance of spiritual goods. But these spiritual goods have been subject to decline over time. People who lived in the sixth or seventh millennium before the founding of Christianity, for example, had a more intense and far-reaching spiritual content than people who lived in the first millennium before the Mystery of Golgotha. The good that people once received has gradually receded in the soul, seeping away. The life between death and rebirth is particularly important for spiritual good. We can also say that if we go far back in time before the mystery of Golgotha, we find that people had a lively, illuminated soul life after death; but then the soul life became increasingly gloomy and darker and darker; people took with them only a dim soul life when they passed through death. This was especially true of the most advanced peoples, for example the Greeks, who, despite being the most advanced people on earth in terms of progress in evolution, could say: “Better to be a beggar in the upper world than a king in the realm of shadows! This is a saying that we know applied to the Greek people because they were able to live a full life on the physical plane; but as soon as they had passed through death, their life was a shadowy one.

It is a complete truth that this spiritual life, which human beings have inherited and which manifested itself after death as a clairvoyant or dim consciousness, had descended to a dull life. And especially in the fourth post-Atlantean period, the Greek-Latin period, in which the mystery of Golgotha took place, it had already become very dark.

This is the significance of the baptism by John the Baptist, that certain people whom he baptized should become aware of this very fact. He immersed the people he baptized completely in water. His baptism was a complete submersion. This lifted the etheric body of such people out of the water, and for a brief moment they became clairvoyant. What John was able to show them was the fact that, in the course of time, human beings had regressed so much in their soul life that they had very little left of the spiritual wealth they had once carried through the gate of death, which had given them clairvoyant consciousness. And those who were baptized in this way by John were given the insight that a revival of the soul life was necessary. Something new had to be radiated into the souls so that life after death could develop again. And this new element was radiated into the souls through the Mystery of Golgotha. You only need to read the lecture cycle “From Jesus to Christ” and you will see that a rich spiritual life emanates from the Mystery of Golgotha, shining into the individual human beings who develop a relationship with the Mystery of Golgotha here on earth. And from there, the souls are revived.

That is why Paul could say: Just as the physical human bodies descend from Adam, so will the soul contents of human beings increasingly descend from Christ, from the second Adam, the spiritual Adam. — This is a profound truth that Paul expressed in his simple words. For if the mystery of Golgotha had not come, human beings would have lost more and more of their soul content and would either have come to long only to live outside the physical body, or would have continued to live on earth with desires and wishes for a purely physical life, becoming more and more materialistic. Because everything happens slowly and gradually, the original spiritual treasure has not yet dried up for the entire population of the earth; there are still peoples on earth who have something of the old spiritual treasure, even though they have not found a connection to the mystery of Golgotha. But it is precisely the most advanced peoples who can only attain consciousness after death in the sense that they are able to “die into Christ,” as the middle part of the Rosicrucian formula says. So that in fact this mystery of Golgotha has acted like a kind of irradiation of the soul content of human beings on earth.

If we consider this in the appropriate way, we gain an understanding, in relation to the line of human evolution, of a very specific question: What actually happened when human beings acquired the ability, through understanding the mystery of Golgotha, to receive their own soul content shining into their ego? How does this soul content differ from the other soul content that existed before the mystery of Golgotha like an old inheritance? j

The difference is that before the mystery of Golgotha, human beings possessed this soul content in a much less independent way. They were therefore under the much more direct guidance of the beings we know as angeloi, archangeloi, and so on, as the beings of the next higher hierarchies. These beings of the next higher hierarchies guided human beings much, much more independently before the mystery of Golgotha than after it. And the progress of these beings of the higher hierarchies — angeloi, archangeloi, archai — consists in the fact that they, in turn, have learned to carry out their guidance of human beings in a manner that increasingly respects human independence. Human beings should live on earth with ever greater independence. The leading spiritual beings of the higher hierarchies have learned this, and this is their progress.

But even these spirits are such that they can fall behind. Not all spirits who were involved in guiding human beings have truly gained the ability through the mystery of Golgotha to become free guides and leaders of human beings. Some of these beings from the higher hierarchies have remained behind and taken on a Luciferic character. And what some of them live out includes, for example, what we today call public opinion. Public opinion is not only made by human beings, but also by a certain kind of Luciferic spirits, angels and archangels who have remained behind on the lowest level. These are just beginning their Luciferic career and have not yet risen very high in the hierarchy of Luciferic spirits, but they are Luciferic spirits nonetheless. With clairvoyant vision, one can observe how certain spirits of the higher hierarchies do not participate in the development after the Mystery of Golgotha, how they harden in the old way of leadership and therefore cannot come directly to human beings. Those who have participated in the development can approach human beings in a regular manner; those who have not participated cannot approach them and work in a vague, confused flood of thought that is public opinion. One can only understand the function of public opinion if one knows that it enters humanity in this way.

So we have the phenomenon right here among us that beings emerge from a regular development and take on a Luciferic character. It is important to know this. For those Luciferic beings whom we have already come to know, and who have greater power, also began “in the small.” The whole army of Luciferic beings began in the small. Admittedly, there was no public opinion on the old moon, but there was something comparable to it, a kind of leadership of human beings. And when we consider this army of Luciferic spirits—what we have otherwise referred to as Luciferic spirits are powerful, significant beings, for example, those who are spirits of form and swarm around human beings that they hinder their growth—but when we now speak of the others, of the army of Luciferic spirits, these are, as it were, only the recruits; but something begins there with the career of the Luciferic spirits that will only take on completely different dimensions later, because the spirits that intervene there become more and more powerful. Public opinion, which approaches human beings and is guided and directed by certain Luciferic beings of the lowest nature, must, because it is, so to speak, absorbed by human beings between birth and death, also have its counterweight in the life between death and new birth. This means that because human beings are caught up in the current described above during the life between birth and death, they must experience a corresponding counterbalance between death and rebirth. For if they did not experience this, the following would happen.

Those spirits who have remained behind and form public opinion have no meaning, no power whatsoever for the life that human beings go through between death and new birth. They have completely surrendered this power to act there because they already act here on the physical plane, acting in a spiritual way, and in a way that is only possible as public opinion. Human beings cannot take anything from public opinion with them into the spiritual world. Everything he wanted to take with him would seem highly out of place if we were to apply it after death. It must be said, even though it may seem very strange to some: all public judgments, everything that captures people relatively early in their lives in relation to their judgment, makes their life in Kamaloka difficult if they are attached to these things and have grown fond of them. And especially those people who believe, within public opinion, that they have their own judgment—for one never has that there—make their Kamaloka difficult for themselves at best. But after Kamaloka, public opinion has no meaning whatsoever. And for the conditions after death, it truly has not the slightest value whether people have such nuances of public opinion as liberal or conservative, radical or reactionary. This is something that has no significance for the division of the various groups of people, and which is only established on earth to prevent people from making the progress they need to make in order to enlighten the consciousness that works after death. These beings behind public opinion wanted to remain behind the progress that came about through the Mystery of Golgotha. For the development of the earth, however, the mystery of Golgotha will gain ever greater and greater significance. And we must be absolutely clear that the future of the earth's development cannot happen in such a way that these things—public opinion and the like—which are a necessity in development, can be improved. People can become better in their inner lives. Therefore, evolution must increasingly intervene in the inner life, so that in the future, people will be much more exposed to public opinion, but their inner lives will have become stronger. This can only happen through spiritual science. But the fact that human beings can become more and more equal to those spirits who are now asserting themselves as recruits of the Luciferic beings, and whose assertiveness is now expressed in public opinion, will only be possible if human beings also go through something between death and rebirth that strengthens their inner being, that strengthens that part of them that is independent of earthly life. While public opinion makes him more and more dependent on earthly life, between death and rebirth he must take in something that will make him increasingly free from public opinion in his next earthly life.

This is connected with the fact that precisely at the time when public opinion arises and gains significance, what has been presented here in our lectures during the Christmas season is established—the Buddha kingdom on Mars, so that between death and new birth, human beings pass through the Buddha kingdom on Mars. Christian Rosenkreutz had given the Buddha the mission to work in a special way on Mars. And what would be useless here on Earth—the desire to flee, to break away from earthly conditions—human beings must go through between death and rebirth while passing through the sphere of Mars. Among other things, they achieve the ability to shed the shell of public opinion that is only suitable for Earth. For even more oppressive things will come in the future, and it will be even more necessary to go through what human beings can go through as disciples of the Buddha on Mars. Here on Earth, human beings can only be disciples of the Buddha if they do not want to go along with the advanced part of the Earth's population. But between death and rebirth, the Buddha unfolds what has become of his teaching, what he asserted here—that human beings should become free from incarnations—as a teaching that does not serve life on Earth, which is to pass from incarnation to incarnation. What he gave at that time was endowed with the potential for human beings in the disembodied state. The advanced Buddha teaching is the right one for the time between death and new birth. And just as Buddha appeared in the astral body of the boy Luke Jesus, so Christ himself guides human beings between death and new birth by leading them through the Mars sphere so that they can receive the advanced Buddha teaching. In this way, people in the sphere of Mars can become free from what they have absorbed through the uniformity of public opinion, which is unsuitable for their further progress on Earth. And if Mars was indeed described in earlier times as the planet of warlike virtues, the Buddha has gradually taken on the task of transforming these warlike virtues in human beings in such a way that they establish a free, independent mind in the form that has become necessary today. While human beings today are inclined to surrender their sense of freedom to what public opinion increasingly seeks to bind them to, on Mars, between death and new birth, they will strive to free themselves from these bonds and not bring them back into life on Earth when they return to a new incarnation.

In this context, we have something that, it seems to me, characterizes in the most wonderful way how wisdom reigns in the world, how everything that advances and lags behind is in fact ultimately guided in the world's development in such a way that the harmony of this world development is the final result. For human beings cannot really bring about their progress, so to speak, in the middle line. Some do attain this, realizing—as I may have already mentioned here—that one cannot stand one-sidedly on the ground of this or that point of view. We see, however, idealists, materialists, and other “ists” outside in the world swearing allegiance to their respective points of view. Great minds such as Goethe, for example, do not do this; they seek to understand material conditions through material thinking and spiritual conditions through idealistic thinking. When lesser minds believe they have grasped this, they say: the truth lies in the middle between two different points of view. This would be like someone trying to sit between two chairs in practical life. But the truth is only found when one does not take a one-sided position on this or that point of view, that is, when one is able to apply in an appropriate manner what materialism has as its mode of knowledge and what idealism has as its mode of knowledge. The world does not progress by always staying in the middle; the middle exists in an appropriate way when the individual sides also exist and when they are taken into account as forces. For example, if you want to weigh something on a scale, you need not only what is in the middle of the scale, but also the two scales. In the same way, alongside public opinion, its opposite must also exist: the Buddha's teaching on Mars, which would not be there if public opinion had not come into being. Living things need polarity, they need opposites; one cannot simply want to do away with individual opposites, for life progresses in polarity. Someone might believe that, since the South Pole and the North Pole of the Earth are opposite, it would be better if neither existed! Even if they are not as opposite as that professor thought, who is said to have written his books so quickly that he did not have time to think, and therefore happened to write the sentence: Culture could only develop in the middle zone of the Earth, because at the North Pole culture would freeze to death from the cold and at the South Pole it would melt from the heat — but in another respect, the North Pole and the South Pole are really polar opposites that must exist, because progress cannot be made through neutrality, but through the maintenance and harmonization of opposites. Thus, what develops on Earth must undergo a development that goes below the level of progress. For public opinion is worth less than what the individual can achieve as opinion when he progresses. It is subhuman. Opposed to this subhuman element is the Buddha current that man undergoes between death and new birth. Both must be there. This is extremely important to bear in mind in the course of evolution.

So we can truly say: Yes, there are spirits who have remained behind; but everything that remains behind on the one hand, everything that advances beyond evolution on the other, is arranged by the entire wisdom of the world in such a way that harmony ultimately emerges. The spirits who have remained behind are used to always represent the opposite pole of spirits who have advanced further.

If we look at life in this way, it will become clear to us how, as the future of the Earth's development progresses, human beings will bring more and more faculties into life that manifest themselves in ways other than purely physical ones. And this will be something that will show more and more that we will have to reckon with other faculties of human beings than purely physical ones. Physical predispositions will be found—even if they only gradually become apparent—that can be traced back to infancy; but there will gradually be other predispositions that cannot be traced back to infancy, but which only appear in a certain distinct way in later life. And it will be a peculiarity of future development that there will be more and more people of whom one will have to say: What has actually happened to this person at a certain age? They are like a different person, like someone else! — This will become more and more apparent. Dispositions will appear that were not at all present earlier, that only appear at a certain age. These will be the most highly developed souls who show something like a certain break in their lives — for the fact that a person was a Buddha disciple in the life between death and rebirth does not show itself immediately, but only in later life — and this will be the case with those of whom we can say: We were able to follow them up to a certain point, where they showed their individual characteristics; then completely new guidelines emerged, and they gained an understanding of something completely different from what they had previously understood. These will be the people who, in the future, will be the true bearers of spiritual progress, who may even be regarded as late developers, because people will believe that they were simply undeveloped in the past, which is why these qualities only emerged late in life. — In truth, however, it will be the case that these people will only bring forth the qualities that are so characteristic of them in later life, for the reason that in earlier incarnations on earth they laid the foundations for being able to pass through the Martian culture in a particularly intense way and acquire aptitudes there which enabled them to have an original effect within human evolution and bring about a new impetus in human evolution. That is why, for the actual spiritual culture, more and more people will come forward who, from their youth, show less aptitude for such a spiritual standpoint, which they will take up later in life.

And we now see that it is for this reason that the Rosicrucian movement has always emphasized a fact that we were able to cite in past times but — because we were not as far advanced in our understanding as we are now — could not explain. Those who, in the Rosicrucian sense, represented the principle of initiation in the West have always expressly emphasized that it is impossible to discover in childhood that certain individuals are destined to become leaders, because these are individuals in whom, in the sense indicated, a kind of break occurs later in life. When the seer speaks today about the Buddha, he knows above all that Buddha faithfully kept what his teaching promised: he continued to work for that in human beings which does not immediately push itself forward in physical form, which therefore does not appear incarnated in physical form from the beginning, but only enters into human beings when physical form has undergone a certain development, when it has reached a certain stage of development in relation to the spirit. Then comes what the Buddha gives to human beings. This only appears in later life.

We must take this into account if we want to understand the complete development of the human being. What this means for the individual human being in relation to life between birth and death will be discussed later.