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Esoteric Christianity and the Mission of Christian Rosenkreutz
GA 130

17 September 1911, Lugano

I. The Christ Impulse in Historical Development I

We shall begin by discussing something of a general character. And since we are a small intimate circle, we can then elaborate on any aspect that especially interests you. I would like to make some general statements about the being of man in connection with World Being, with the Macrocosm. And I will not approach it so much in the style of my book Theosophy—you can all get sufficient knowledge from that—but I invite you to consider especially man's inner nature.

If now and then we contemplate ourselves as human beings, we are immediately struck by the fact that we experience the world about us through our senses, and then think about the impressions we have received. We constantly observe these two attributes of man's being. If, for instance, we have put the light out at night and review the day's impressions before going to sleep, we are conscious that all day long the world has worked upon us. Now only the memory pictures of the day's impressions surge up and down in our souls. We know that we are thinking about them, our soul is now within the after-effects of what has taken place in us through the outer impressions. Apart from trivial matters, we call these memories of the day our own individual impressions. It is only because we are intelligent, individual human beings, beings with an intellect, that we are capable of receiving impressions of the world in this way.

Now, in our spiritual life this individual aspect is closely connected with external impressions. During the day, whilst we observe the world, our sense impressions and our thoughts intermingle. And at bedtime, when we no longer have any fresh sense impressions, but let those we have had pass through our soul, then we know very well that these are our pictures of what is outside. Our impressions of the outer world merge with what we are as individuals. They become one. Now, as we all know, one can make this inner, individual element within us more and more alive, more and more exact, by the means already known to us and described for instance in my book Knowledge of the Higher Worlds. What you can experience first of all in your inner life, is that you feel you are not absolutely dependent in your thoughts on the external world. If, for instance, someone can think about what happened on Saturn, Sun and Moon, then he has higher thoughts of this kind. For of course nobody can have external impressions of what happened on old Saturn, old Sun and old Moon. We do not even need to go so far. If we ask ourselves in a quiet moment: ‘How many of my concepts have changed since my youth?’ this in itself is taking an independent individual stand with regard to the world. When we form views about life, we feel ourselves becoming more independent in our intellect. Becoming independent in the individual element of the intellect is of great importance for the human being. For what does this mean? What does it mean for the human being to grasp general truths about life—not just in theory—but through experience, even of things that are independent of external impressions? It means that he is becoming more independent in his etheric body. That is the first step of a long process. At the beginning he does not even notice that to some extent he is lifting out his etheric body; ultimately he can make it completely independent of the physical body.

Whilst the beginning is just a tiny step towards becoming independent, the end is a total drawing out of the etheric body and a perceiving with it. We then have perceptions in the environment with this independent etheric body. We can even perceive in this way when we are not yet very advanced in inner mystical experience. We can grasp this and to a certain extent understand it if we remember what our perception is like in the physical body. With our physical body we perceive by means of our senses, which are independent. Our eyes are independent and so are our ears. We can perceive the world of colour and the world of sound independently. We can no longer do this when we perceive with our intelligence. In the case of intelligence everything is a unity, nothing is divided into separate spheres. We cannot perceive with etheric eyes and etheric ears as though they were separate sense realms, we perceive the etheric world in general. And when we begin to say something about it we can describe how etheric experience works as a comprehensive whole. I will not discuss how much further this experience can lead, but only point out that when the human being perceives how general truths are formed he can perceive something of the etheric elements.

Whoever perceives the etheric world and can gradually realise that a higher world of this kind exists, can have an inner conviction that an etheric body is the basis of the physical body. As soon as we speak of such a being as an etheric body we must take our lead from significant disclosures and from direct experience. As soon as we know that the physical body is interpenetrated by an etheric body we will readily understand the occultist describing in his way that paralysis is an abnormal occurrence of what otherwise happens through normal training. It can happen that a man's etheric body withdraws from his physical body. Then the physical body becomes independent. Paralysis could possibly result, for the physical body has been deprived of its enlivening etheric body. But we do not need to go as far as the appearance of paralysis, for we can understand its appearance in everyday life even better. For example, what is a lazy person? He is someone who has a weak etheric body from birth or who has let it grow weak through neglect. We try to correct it by relieving the physical body of its leaden heaviness and by some means making it lighter. A thorough cure, however, can only arise by way of the astral body, for it can stimulate the etheric body to fresh life. But you have to realise something else. The etheric body is actually the bearer of our whole intellect. When we go to sleep at night all our thought pictures and memories actually remain in the etheric body. The human being leaves his thoughts behind in the etheric body and does not return to them until morning. By laying aside the etheric body we lay aside the whole web of our experiences.

This etheric body, however, is constructed so that when we investigate it in a Spiritual Scientific way we can quite clearly perceive that the human being is subjected to a far greater number of changes in the course of time than we would imagine. We all know, of course, that man has passed through a series of incarnations. It is not for nothing that we are incarnated again and again. Man's vision is limited. It is a general belief that man's Organisation has always been like it is today. In fact, the human Organisation changes from one century to another, only we cannot perceive this externally. In the frontal lobe of the brain there is an organ with delicate convolutions, that has only been developed since the fourteenth to fifteenth centuries. It is an organic form for the purely intellectual life of the present centuries. We can well imagine that it is impossible for a detail of this kind to alter in the brain without in fact the whole human Organisation altering, even if only slightly. So that in very truth the human Organisation shows signs of changes as the centuries pass by. But it is only through reading the Akashic Record that these changes can be confirmed. And that is where the changes in the etheric body can be best followed up. We see that the people of ancient Greece or ancient Egypt had etheric bodies that were quite different. All the movements in them were different.

Now, in order to arrive at a thought that can be fertile for us, I would like to make a short digression and draw your attention to the fact that even in ordinary life you can assume the existence of more than one world. The human being goes to sleep without knowing that he is in another world. But the fact that he is asleep and does not know anything about it does not prove that this other world does not exist. Other worlds do impinge in a certain way. The human being perceives with his senses when he is in the physical world but not when he withdraws into himself: then he has an intellectual world which borders on the physical. And he finds within himself, in addition to the already developed intellectual element, two other elements as well that are quite different again. Can the human being develop these other elements?

A simple reflection can show that there is a more characteristic world in the inner life than that of the mere having of thoughts. It is there whenever we say to ourselves: as human beings we feel ourselves to be moral. That is the world where we connect a feeling of sympathy or antipathy with certain definite experiences. This goes beyond intellectual experience. Someone shows goodwill to another and we are pleased, or he shows ill will and we are displeased. That is something quite different from what is experienced purely intellectually. Mere reflection does not produce in us the feeling of whether a deed is moral or not. A person can be highly intelligent in an intellectual way, without feeling the repulsive nature of a purely egotistical action. That is another realm of experience, which we also become aware of when we admire what is beautiful and elevating in works of art, or are repulsed by what is ugly. What elevates us in works of art cannot be grasped by the intellect but only by our life of soul. So we can say: something comes into our life in this way which is beyond the intellect. If an occultist observes a soul at the moment when it is experiencing aversion from an immoral deed, or pleasure in a moral one, he perceives a higher level of soul life. The mere having of thoughts is on a lower level of soul life than pleasure in or aversion from moral or immoral deeds. If the human being develops a more intensified feeling in this way for what is moral or immoral in his strengthened etheric body, this can be, seen to bring not only a constant increase of strength in his etheric body but an increase of strength in his astral body too, an especial intensification of the astral forces. So that we can say: a person who has particularly sensitive feelings about moral and immoral deeds will acquire especially strong forces in his astral body, whilst a person who only improves his etheric body intellectually—with exercises, say, that strengthen the memory—can certainly develop his clairvoyance very far, but he will not get beyond the etheric-astral world, because the intellectual element alone is active within him. If we want to get beyond the astral world we must do the kind of exercises in which we develop sympathy for moral deeds and antipathy for immoral deeds. Then we do indeed ascend to a world that is behind our world in a different sense than purely astrally. We then ascend to the heavenly world. So that we can say: in the cosmic world of the invisible, the heavenly world of the macrocosm corresponds to what relates in us to impressions of morality and immorality, and the astral world of the macrocosm corresponds to what relates in us to the intellectual sense perception of the physical world. All that develops within the intellectual element corresponds to the astral world, whilst what can be developed in relation to moral or immoral deeds corresponds to the heavenly world, the world of Devachan.

Then there is yet another element in the human soul. There is a difference between feeling happy about moral deeds and feeling responsible enough to carry out what thus appeals to you, and to withstand doing what is not moral. A feeling of responsibility for his actions is the highest level a man can reach in the world today.

So the human being's soul stages can be set out like this:

  1. The sense man.
  2. The intellectual man, who relates to the first invisible world.
  3. The aesthetic man with moral feelings, who is attracted or repelled by moral and immoral deeds. This corresponds externally to the lower Devachanic world.
  4. The morally active man.

The actual carrying out of what he feels within himself to be the highest moral ideals corresponds externally to the higher Devachanic world, the world of reason, ruled by those beings who represent absolute reason in the world. When the human being can grasp that his moral impulses give a shadow picture of the highest world from which he comes, he has understood a great deal about the macrocosm.

So we have the physical world and the world of the intellect, the moral world or the heavenly world of lower Devachan, and the world of reason or higher Devachan. Cosmic worlds cast into us shadow pictures of the sense world: i.e. the intellectual world; intellectual clairvoyance; the aesthetic world; moral feeling; the world of reason; moral impulses for deeds. Through a kind of self-knowledge man can perceive these different stages within himself.

Now this whole configuration of the human being has altered in the course of time. In ancient Greek or Egyptian times the human being was not at all as he is today. In the Greek age man was so constituted that higher beings ruled over the soul element within him, and so he felt a kind of natural obligation towards those beings. We now live in the age when man is ruled by his intellect, and so he feels something like an aesthetic-moral obligation. In those olden times however, it would have been impossible for anyone to have thought it possible to act in a way contrary to a moral impulse that presented itself. In Greece they still felt pleasure and displeasure so strongly that they had to act accordingly.

Then came the modern age where men do not feel any obligation, even where the aesthetic element is concerned, as is expressed in the saying: ‘You cannot argue about tastes’—though people who have a developed taste can probably agree among themselves.

What was felt in earlier times to be a necessity in the moral and aesthetic sphere is nowadays felt to be so in the intellectual sphere: to have a certain line of conduct so that you cannot think as you like but you have to conform to the laws of logic. This brings us, however, to the lowest level of human experience. At the moment we are at the transitional level, as we can well see. For if we look at the past millennia we see the physical body of man drying up more and more, until he has become quite different. One and a half millennia ago the physical body was considerably softer and more pliable. It has become harder and harder. On the other hand something quite different has occurred in the etheric body too, something that the human being could have less experience of because this etheric body has passed through an upward development. It is significant that we stand at the important moment when the human being must grow aware that his etheric body should become different. That is the event that will take place just in this twentieth century. Whilst on the one hand an intensification of the intellectual element is making itself felt, on the other hand the etheric body will become so much more independent that human beings are bound to become aware of it. For a period of time after the Christ Event people did not think as intellectually as they do today. Strengthening the intellectual element causes the etheric body to become more and more independent, so that it can also be used as an independent instrument. And during this process it can be seen to have gone through a hidden development which makes possible the perception of the Christ in the etheric body. Just as the Christ could formerly be seen physically, He can now be seen etherically, so that in this twentieth century a beholding of the Christ will occur like a natural event, in the way Paul saw Him. A number of people will be able to see the Christ in the etheric, which means that we shall know Him even if all the Bibles are destroyed. We shall not need any records then, for we shall see Him. And that is an event equal in importance to what occurred on Golgotha. In the centuries to come a greater and greater number of people will reach the stage where they can see the Christ. The next three millennia on earth will be devoted to the kind of development whereby the etheric body becomes more and more sensitive, so that certain people will experience this and other events. I will just mention one more event: there will be more and more people who want to do something and then have an urge to hold back. Then a vision will follow, and these people will perceive increasingly clearly: that which will happen in the future is the karmic result of what I have done. A few people who are ahead of the rest already feel such things. It happens especially with children.

There is a tremendous difference between what trained clairvoyants experience and what is described here as something that will come about in the natural course of events. Since time immemorial the trained clairvoyant experienced the Christ by means of certain exercises. On the physical plane, if I meet a man, he is there is front of me; with Clairvoyant vision I can perceive him in quite different places and we do not actually meet. It has always been possible to see the Christ clairvoyantly. But to meet Him, now that He stands in a different relationship to humanity, that is, that He helps us from out of the etheric world, is something which is independent of our clairvoyant development. From the twentieth century onwards, in the next three thousand years, certain people will be able to meet Him, meet Him objectively as an etheric form. That is very different from experiencing a vision of Him through inner development.

This places the exalted Being that we call the Christ altogether in a different series of evolution from that of the Buddha. The Bodhisattva who became Buddha, was born into the royal house of Suddhodana and became Buddha in the twenty-ninth year of his life, so that he did not need to undergo further incarnations. When such a being, a Bodhisattva, becomes a Buddha or Master, this signifies a higher form of inner development that any human being can pass through. The esoteric training of a human being is a start in the direction that can lead to Buddha-hood. That has nothing to do with what happens round about us human beings. Such people appear at certain times to help the world forward. But those events are different from the Christ Event. Christ did not come from another human individuality, He came from the macrocosm, whilst all the Bodhisattvas have always been connected with the earth.

So we have to be clear that in so far as we speak about Bodhisattvas or Buddhas we do not come near to the Christ. For Christ is a macrocosmic being who became connected with the earth for the first time through the baptism by John. That was the physical manifestation. Now the etheric manifestation is coming, then will come the astral one and a higher one still after that. Human beings will first have to be far advanced before they experience this higher stage. What human beings can experience belongs to the general laws of the earth. The Being whom we call by the name of Christ or by other names will also bring about what we can describe as the saving of all the souls on earth for the Jupiter existence, whilst everything else will fall away with the earth. Anthroposophy is not something arbitrary, but something of importance that had to come into the world. The world must learn to understand the Christ Being who lived for three years on the earth. That was at the beginning of our present era.

In my book The Spiritual Guidance of Man and Humanity you will find details about the two Jesus boys. The Christ Event was prepared for by a personality connected with the sect of the Essenes, Jeshu ben Pandira, who was born a hundred years before the two Jesus boys were born in Palestine. So you have to distinguish between them and Jeshu ben Pandira, of whom Haeckel,8Jeshu ben Pandira, whom Haeckel, among others, has spoken of in a most derogatory way: Ernst Haeckel, 1834 – 1919, German natural scientist. His remarks about Jeshu ben Pandira are in his work ‘Die Weltratsel’ (‘World Secrets’); Bonn, 1899. among others, has spoken in a most derogatory way. The Matthew Gospel,9The Matthew Gospel, in the main, originated from ... Jeshu ben Pandira: Matthai was a pupil of Jeshu ben Pandira. See Rudolf Steiner's ‘The Gospel of St. Matthew’, twelve lectures; Berne, September, 1910; Rudolf Steiner Press 1965. in the main, originated from this most exalted person, Jeshu ben Pandira, as a preparation for what was to come.

In what way should we understand the relationship of Jeshu ben Pandira to Jesus of Nazareth?

To begin with the individualities have nothing to do with one another, except that one prepared the way for the other; as individualities they are in no way related. The facts are that in one of the Jesus boys, the one described in the Luke Gospel, we have a somewhat indefinable individuality, so far difficult to understand in that He could speak immediately after birth in such a way that His mother could understand Him. He was not intellectual, this individuality of the Luke Gospel, but tremendously vital and elemental in the realm of moral feelings. The astral body of this being was influenced by the individuality of the Buddha.

When he had reached the Buddha stage, Buddha did not need to incarnate on earth any further. As long as he was a Bodhisattva he continued to incarnate. After he had become Buddha he was active from the higher worlds, and his activity flowed through—the astral body of the Jesus of the Luke Gospel. The forces emanating from Buddha are in the astral body of this Jesus boy. Thus the Buddha stream is contained within the Jesus of Nazareth stream.

On the other hand, what is told in Eastern writings and is also known to be correct by Western occultists, is that in the moment when the Bodhisattva becomes Buddha a new Bodhisattva appears. In the moment when Gautama Buddha became Buddha this Bodhisattva individuality was taken from the earth, and a new Bodhisattva became active. He is the Bodhisattva who is to become a Buddha in due time. In fact the time is exactly determined when the successor of Gautama Buddha, Maitreya, will become a Buddha: five thousand years after the enlightenment of Buddha beneath the bodhi tree. Roughly three thousand years after our time the world will experience the Maitreya Buddha incarnation, which will be the last incarnation of Jeshu ben Pandira. This Bodhisattva, who will come as Maitreya Buddha, will also come in a physical body in our century in his reincarnation in the flesh—but not as Buddha—and he will make it his task to give humanity all the true concepts about the Christ Event.

Genuine occultists recognise the incarnations of the Bodhisattva, the Maitreya Buddha-to-be. In the same way as other human beings, this individuality will also go through a development of the etheric body. When humanity becomes more like him who is to become the Maitreya Buddha, then this individuality will go through a special development that in a certain respect in its highest stages will be something like the baptism of Jesus of Nazareth: he will undergo an exchange of individuality. In both cases another individuality comes in. They grow up as children in the world, and after a certain number of years their individuality is exchanged. It is not a continuous development, but a development that undergoes a break, as was the case with Jesus. In His case there was an exchange of individuality of this kind in the twelfth year and then again at the baptism by John. This kind of exchange occurs, too, with the Bodhisattva who is to become the Maitreya Buddha. These individualities are suddenly as it were fructified by another. The Maitreya Buddha, in particular, will live with a certain individuality until his thirtieth year, and then an exchange will occur in him, as we find with Jesus of Nazareth during the baptism in Jordan. We will always recognise the Maitreya Buddha, however, in that nothing will be known of him prior to the exchange of individuality, even though he is present. And then he will suddenly reveal himself.

The leading of an unknown life is the characteristic of all Bodhisattvas that are to become Buddhas. The human individuality in the future will have to be more and more self-reliant. It will be a characteristic of his that he will pass unknown in the world for many years, and it will only be possible to recognise him then through the fact that he works from out of his own inner strength as a self-reliant individual. For thousands of years past, and now by occultists of the present day, it is recognised as an essential that the nature of his being remain unknown throughout his youth until the time of the birth of the intellectual soul, indeed even until the birth of the consciousness soul, and that he will come into his own with the help of nobody but himself.

That is why it is so important to be to a certain degree uncompromising. Any true occultist would find it strange for a Buddha to appear in the twentieth century, as every occultist knows that he can only come five thousand years after Gautama Buddha. However a Bodhisattva can and will be incarnated.

It is part of an occultist's basic knowledge that the Maitreya Buddha will be unknown in his youth. That is why I have been emphasising for years that we should bear this principle of occultism in mind: before a certain age nobody should be given the duty from certain central places to speak about occult matters. This has been stressed for years. When younger people speak, they may do this for good reasons, but they do not do it as an occult duty.

The Maitreya Buddha will make himself known through his own power. He will appear in such a way that he can receive no help except from the power of his own soul being.

To approach true theosophy, understanding for the whole of earth development is a necessity. Those who do not develop this understanding will destroy the life in the modern theosophical movement.10the modern theosophical movement: see Marie Steiner's preface, p. 1.

Der Christus-Impuls im Historischen Werdegang

Meine lieben theosophischen Freunde!

Da wir uns doch so selten hier sehen, werden wir zuerst etwas Allgemeines besprechen. Und dann können wir ja, weil wir in so kleinem, vertrautem Kreise beisammen sind, eingehen auf diese oder jene Wünsche, die zum Ausdruck kommen könnten. Es wird gut sein, etwas über das Wesen des Menschen im Zusammenhange mit dem ganzen Wesen unserer Welt, der großen Welt, im Allgemeinen zu besprechen. Und zwar soll in dieser Stunde dieses Wesen des Menschen weniger so besprochen werden, wie es in der allgemeinen Theosophie selbst geschieht, zum Beispiel in meinem Buche «Theosophie» - da heraus kann ja jeder sich genügend Kenntnis verschaffen -, sondern wir wollen heute einen Blick werfen auf die menschliche Wesenheit mehr von dem Innern des Menschen aus.

Wenn wir ab und zu über uns als Menschen nachdenken, so muss uns ja von vornherein auffallen, dass wir die Welt ringsherum anschauen durch unsere Sinne, Eindrücke von ihr bekommen und dann über die Welt nachdenken. Diese zwei Glieder der menschlichen Wesenheit werden uns ja immerzu vor die Seele geführt. Wenn wir zum Beispiel abends unser Licht ausgelöscht haben und, bevor wir einschlafen, uns noch einmal die Eindrücke des Tages durch die Seele ziehen lassen, dann wissen wir ja: Den Tag über hat die Welt auf uns gewirkt. Jetzt können nur die Erinnerungsbilder der Eindrücke des Tages in unserer Seele auf und ab wogen. Jetzt - das wissen wir - denken wir nach, jetzt sind wir schon mit unserer Seele in den Nachklängen dessen, was sich durch die äußeren Eindrücke so in uns abspielt. Wenn wir von den gewöhnlichen trivialen Beziehungen absehen, bezeichnen wir dasjenige, was in unserer Seele so abläuft wie eine Erinnerung an den Tag, als das Individuelle. Dadurch, dass wir intelligente individuelle Menschen sind, intellektuelle Wesen sind als Menschen, nur dadurch sind wir ja imstande, die Welt in Bildern an uns vorüberziehen zu lassen, wie das eben angedeutet worden ist.

Nun, für unser Geistesleben ist dies Individuelle innig verbunden mit den äußeren Eindrücken. Wenn wir während des Tages die Welt beobachten, so fließen ja fortwährend die Sinneseindrücke und die Gedanken, die wir haben, durcheinander. Und abends, wenn wir keine Sinneseindrücke mehr haben, aber dann die Eindrücke durch unsere Seele ziehen lassen, wissen wir ganz genau: Das sind die Bilder dessen, was wir draußen erleben. Es fließen zusammen unsere Eindrücke von der Außenwelt und dasjenige, was wir sind als individuelle Menschen. Das fließt zusammen. Nun gibt es ja, wie wir alle wissen, eine Möglichkeit, dieses innere individuelle Element in uns immer lebendiger und lebendiger, immer exakter und exakter zu gestalten. Und das geschieht durch die uns schon bekannten Mittel, die geschildert sind zum Beispiel in meiner Schrift «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?». Das ist ja das Erste, was man als Erfahrung im inneren Leben machen kann, dass man fühlt, man ist nicht mehr mit seinen Gedanken unbedingt abhängig von der äußeren Welt. Wenn sich jemand zum Beispiel Gedanken machen kann über dasjenige, was auf Saturn, Sonne und Mond geschehen ist, dann hat er solche hohen Gedanken. Denn natürlich kann kein Mensch äußere Eindrücke, Eindrücke äußerer Art von dem erhalten, was auf dem alten Saturn, der alten Sonne und dem alten Mond geschehen ist. Wir brauchen nicht so weit zu gehen. Wenn wir in stiller Stunde uns fragen: Wie viel hat sich in meinen Begriffen seit meiner Jugend geändert? - so ist das schon gegenüber der Welt ein selbstständiges Verhalten im individuellen Elemente. Wenn wir uns Lebensansichten, Maximen bilden, fühlen wir, dass wir mit dem intellektuellen Elemente selbstständiger werden. Dieses Selbstständigerwerden in dem individuellen intellektuellen Elemente hat eine große Bedeutung für den Menschen. Denn was bedeutet das Selbstständigerwerden? Was bedeutet es, wenn der Mensch durch das Erleben selbst - von Dingen, die unabhängig sind von äußeren Eindrücken -, nicht durch Lehren, nicht durch Theorien, sich Lebensmaximen aneignet? Das bedeutet, dass er in seinem Ätherleib selbstständiger wird. Das ist der erste Anfang eines langen Prozesses. Der Anfang ist so, dass der Mensch gar nicht merkt, dass er seinen Ätherleib eine Spur herauf hebt; das Ende ist, dass er ihn ganz unabhängig machen kann von dem physischen Leib.

Während der Anfang ein ganz leises Selbstständigwerden ist, so ist das Ende ein völliges Herausziehen des Ätherleibes und ein Wahrnehmen mit dem Ätherleib. Wir nehmen dann mit diesem selbstständigen Ätherleib wahr in der Umgebung. Dieses Wahrnehmen können wir auch dann haben, wenn wir noch nicht sehr weit sind im inneren mystischen Erleben. Wir können uns das deutlich und bis zu einem gewissen Grade verständlich machen, wenn wir uns erinnern, wie unser Wahrnehmen im physischen Leibe ist. Nun, meine lieben theosophischen Freunde, mit unserem physischen Leib nehmen wir wahr durch unsere Sinne, welche selbstständig sind. Unsere Augen sind selbstständig, unsere Ohren sind selbstständig. Wir können die Welt der Farben und die Welt der Töne selbstständig wahrnehmen. Das können wir nicht, wenn wir mit unserer Intelligenz wahrnehmen. Im Falle der Intelligenz ist alles Einheit, nichts in Bezirke abgegrenzt. Wir können nicht wie in einzelnen Sinnesbezirken mit Ätheraugen und Ätherohren wahrnehmen, sondern wir schauen die Ätherwelt im Allgemeinen. Und wenn wir anfangen, etwas davon zu sagen, so können wir schildern, wie einheitlich umfassend das ätherische Erleben wirkt. Ich will nicht davon sprechen, dass das Erleben viel weiter gehen kann, sondern nur aufmerksam darauf machen, dass der Mensch, wenn er wahrnimmt, wie sich Lebensmaximen bilden, dadurch etwas wahrnehmen kann von den ätherischen Elementen.

Wer in die ätherische Welt hineinschaut und nach und nach sich klar werden kann darüber, dass es solch eine höhere Welt gibt, kann von innen heraus eine Überzeugung bekommen, dass dem physischen Leib ein Ätherleib zugrunde liegt. Sobald die Rede darauf kommt, dass es so etwas gibt wie einen Ätherleib, müssen wir schon die Orientierung bekommen durch bedeutende Aufschlüsse und durch Dinge, die wir gewissermaßen erleben. Sobald man weiß, dass ein Ätherleib den physischen Leib durchdringt, wird man es nicht mehr unverständlich finden, wenn der Okkultist sich in seiner Weise darüber äußert, was eine Lähmung ist: Da tritt auf abnorme Weise das ein, was sonst durch normale Schulung geschieht. Es kann einem Menschen passieren, dass sein Ätherleib sich zurückzieht vom physischen Leibe. Der physische Leib wird dann selbstständig. Da ist die Möglichkeit einer Lähmung gegeben, denn der physische Leib ist seines belebenden Ätherleibes dann beraubt. Aber wir brauchen nicht einmal bis zu der Erscheinung der Lähmung zu gehen, sondern wir können auch in seiner alltäglichen Erscheinung das Leben besser begreifen. Was ist zum Beispiel ein Faulenzer? Ein Faulenzer ist ein solcher, der die Kräfte seines Ätherleibes von Geburt an schwach hat oder der sie geschwächt hat durch Vernachlässigung. Das versucht man dann dadurch zu korrigieren, dass man den physischen Leib seiner bleiernen Schwere entkleidet und in irgendeiner Weise leichter macht. Eine wahre Kur kann jedoch nur vom astralischen Leibe ausgehen; der wird durch Anregung belebend wirken auf den Ätherleib. Doch noch etwas anderes muss man sich klarmachen. Der Ätherleib ist eigentlich der Träger unseres gesamten Intellektes. Wenn wir abends einschlafen, bleiben eigentlich im Ätherleib alle unsere Vorstellungen, Erinnerungen. Seine Gedanken lässt der Mensch im Ätherleib zurück und trifft sie erst morgens wieder an. Indem wir den Ätherleib ablegen, legen wir das ganze Gefüge unserer Erlebnisse ab.

Dieser Ätherleib ist aber auch so geschaffen, dass wir in ihm wirklich klar wahrnehmen können, wenn wir ihn geisteswissenschaftlich untersuchen, dass der Mensch eigentlich viel viel mehr Veränderungen im Laufe der Zeit unterworfen ist, als man glaubt. Nicht wahr, das wissen wir alle, dass der Mensch durch seine Inkarnationsperioden hindurchgegangen ist. Es ist nicht sinnlos, dass wir immer wieder und wieder inkarniert werden. Der Blick des Menschen ist kurzsichtig. Man hat den Glauben, dass die Menschen so wie heute immer organisiert gewesen sind. Die menschliche Organisation ändert sich von Jahrhundert zu Jahrhundert, es ist nur nicht möglich, das auf äuRerem Felde zu untersuchen. Im Vorderhirn sitzt ein Organ, in feinen Windungen liegend, das sich erst seit dem vierzehnten, fünfzehnten Jahrhundert herausgebildet hat. Es ist eine organische Form für das rein intellektuelle Leben dieser Jahrhunderte. Wie es unmöglich ist, dass im Gehirn eine solche Einzelheit sich ändert, ohne dass eigentlich, wenn auch im Kleinen, die gesamte menschliche Organisation sich ändert, das können wir uns ja denken. Sodass tatsächlich von Jahrhundert zu Jahrhundert die menschliche Organisation Veränderungen aufweist. Doch ist die Änderung in dieser Beziehung nur durch das Verfolgen der Akasha-Chronik zu konstatieren. Und da lassen sich am besten die Veränderungen im Ätherleib verfolgen. Da sehen wir, wie die Menschen im alten Griechenland oder im alten Ägypten ganz andere Ätherleiber gehabt haben. Die gesamten Strömungen waren anders.

Nun möchte ich, um auf einen Gedanken zu kommen, welcher für uns fruchtbar sein kann, zunächst eine kleine Zwischenbemerkung einschalten, darauf aufmerksam machen, dass man ja schon im gewöhnlichen Leben eine Mehrheit von Welten annehmen kann. Der Mensch sinkt in Schlaf, ohne zu wissen, dass er in einer andern Welt ist. Dass er sie verschläft, nichts davon weiß, ist kein Beweis, dass sie nicht besteht. In jene Welt ragen aber die anderen Welten in einer gewissen Weise hinein. Wenn der Mensch in der physischen Welt ist, nimmt er durch die Sinne wahr; wenn er sich in sich zurückzieht, nicht: Dann hat er eine intellektuelle Welt, und diese grenzt an die physische heran. Doch findet er in sich selber außer dem schon entwickelten intellektuellen Elemente noch zwei ganz andere, davon verschiedene. Kann der Mensch diese anderen Elemente entwickeln?

Eine einfache Besinnung kann zeigen, dass es eine eigenartigere Welt des inneren Lebens gibt als die des bloßen Nachdenkens. Sie ist da, wenn wir uns sagen können: Wir fühlen als Menschen moralisch. Das ist die Welt, wo wir mit ganz bestimmten Erlebnissen ein sympathisches oder antipathisches Gefühl verbinden. Dieses geht über das intellektuelle Erleben hinaus. Jemand erweist einem andern Wohlwollen, und das gefällt uns, oder Übelwollen, und das missfällt uns. Das ist ganz etwas anderes als das bloß intellektuell Erfahrene. Das bloße Nachdenken kann in uns nicht erstehen lassen das Gefühl, ob eine Handlung moralisch oder unmoralisch ist. Es kann intellektuell höchst verständnisreiche Naturen geben, die keinen Sinn haben für das Abstoßende einer rein egoistischen Handlung. Das ist eine Welt für sich, dieselbe Welt, die wir auch gewahr werden, wenn wir das Schöne und Erhabene in Kunstwerken bewundern oder das Hässliche abstoßend finden. Was uns an Kunstwerken erhebt, das können wir nicht mit dem Intellekt, sondern nur mit unserm Seelenleben erfassen. So können wir sagen: Es ragt dadurch etwas herein in unser Leben, was über das Intellektuelle hinausgeht. Wenn ein Okkultist eine Seele beobachtet in einem solchen Momente, wo sie Abscheu empfindet vor einer unmoralischen Handlung oder Wohlgefallen an einer moralischen, so durchläuft diese einen höheren Grad des Seelenlebens. Das bloße Nachdenken ist ein niedrigerer Grad des Seelenlebens als das Wohlgefallen oder Missfallen an moralischen oder unmoralischen Handlungen. Wenn so der Mensch im erstarkten Ätherleibe ein intensiveres Gefühl für Moralisches und Unmoralisches erringt, so ist da nicht bloß ein Selbstständigwerden des Ätherleibes zu konstatieren, sondern ein Stärkerwerden des Astralleibes, ein besonderes Anspornen der Astralkräfte. Sodass wir sagen können: Ein Mensch, der besonders fein empfindet gegenüber moralischem und unmoralischem Handeln, wird sich ganz besonders starke Kräfte im Astralleib erringen, während derjenige, der seinen Ätherleib nur intellektuell erhebt - etwa durch Übungen, welche die Gedächtniskraft stärken -, wohl sehr weit im Hellsehen sich entwickeln kann, aber nicht aus der ätherisch-astralen Welt herauskommen wird, weil in ihm bloß das intellektuelle Element wirksam ist. Will man über die astralische Welt hinauskommen, so muss man solche Übungen machen, die Sympathie zu moralischen und Antipathie gegen unmoralische Handlungen zum Ausdruck bringen. Dann steigen wir in der Tat zu einer Welt auf, die im andern Sinne als bloß astral hinter unserer Welt ist. Wir steigen dann auf in die himmlische Welt. Sodass wir sagen können: In der großen Welt des Unsichtbaren entspricht die himmlische Welt des Makrokosmos dem, was in uns lebt gegenüber den moralischen oder unmoralischen Eindrücken, die astralische Welt des Makrokosmos dem, was in uns ist in der intellektuell-physischen Wahrnehmung der physischen Welt. Das, was im intellektuellen Element zur Entwicklung kommt, entspricht der astralischen Welt, dasjenige, was sich entwickeln lässt gegenüber der moralischen oder unmoralischen Handlung, entspricht der himmlischen Welt, der Devachanwelt.

Dann gibt es noch ein weiteres Element in der menschlichen Seele. Es ist noch ein Unterschied zwischen dem moralischen Handeln, das gefällt, und dem, dass man sich verpflichtet fühlt, dasjenige, was einem als moralisches Handeln gefällt, auch zu tun und das NichtMoralische zu unterlassen. Das Sich-verpflichtet-Fühlen, das ist für den Menschen das Höchste, wozu der Mensch es heute auf der Welt bringen kann.

Was wir als eine Stufenleiter der Menschenseele anzusehen haben, ist also:

1. Der sinnliche Mensch.
2. Der intellektuelle Mensch. Das ist der, welcher der ersten unsichtbaren Welt gegenübersteht.
3. Der moralisch empfindende ästhetische Mensch, der Gefallen oder Missfallen empfindet an moralischem und unmoralischem Handeln. Dem entspricht draußen die niedere Devachanwelt.
4. Der moralisch sich Betätigende.

Dem, dass der Mensch das, was er innerlich als höchste moralische Impulse empfindet, auch tut, entspricht draußen die höhere Devachanwelt, die Vernunftwelt, wo die Wesenheiten herrschen, die das absolut Vernünftige in der Welt repräsentieren. Wenn der Mensch erfassen kann, dass in der Welt seiner moralischen Impulse ein Schattenbild vorhanden ist von der höchsten Welt, aus der er heraus ist, dann hat er viel begriffen vom Makrokosmos.

So haben wir die physische Welt und die Welt des Verstandes, die moralische Welt oder die himmlische Welt des niederen Devachan und die Vernunftwelt oder höhere Devachanwelt. Die kosmischen Welten werfen in uns die Schattenbilder der Sinneswelt: die intellektuelle Welt, intellektuelles Hellsehen; die ästhetische Welt: moralisches Empfinden; die Vernunftwelt: moralische Impulse zur Tat. Durch eine Art Selbsterkenntnis kann der Mensch diese verschiedenen Stufen in sich wahrnehmen.

Nun, diese ganze Konfiguration des Menschen hat sich im Laufe der Zeiten eben geändert. Wie der Mensch heute ist, so war er durchaus nicht in der alten griechischen oder in der alten ägyptischen Zeit. Damals, in der Zeit des alten Griechentums, war der Mensch so, dass höhere Wesenheiten das seelische Element in ihm lenkten, daher empfand der damalige Mensch etwas wie eine selbstverständliche Verpflichtung gegenüber jenen Wesenheiten. Jetzt sind wir in der Zeit, wo der Mensch durch das intellektuelle Element gelenkt wird, und daher empfindet der Mensch etwas wie eine ästhetisch-moralische Verpflichtung. Damals aber wäre es unmöglich gewesen, dass irgendjemand gedacht hätte, wenn etwas als moralischer Impuls da ist, wäre es möglich, etwas anderes zu tun. Noch in Griechenland empfand man gegenüber dem Gefallen und Missfallen so, dass man dementsprechend auch handeln musste.

Nun kamen die neueren Zeiten, wo der Mensch sich nicht einmal dem ästhetischen Element gegenüber verpflichtet fühlt, was sich ja ausdrückt in dem Spruch: Über den Geschmack lässt sich nicht streiten. —- Aber mit solchen, die den Geschmack ausgebildet haben, wird man sich wohl einigen können.

Das, was man früher auf moralischem und ästhetischem Gebiete empfand, das empfindet man heute als notwendig auf intellektuellem Gebiete: eine gewisse Führung zu haben, sodass man nicht denken kann, wie man will, sondern nach den Denkgesetzen der Logik sich zu richten hat. Damit sind wir aber auf die niederste Stufe gekommen, die an menschlichen Erlebnissen da ist. Jetzt stehen wir an der Übergangsstufe, wie wohl zu bemerken ist. Wenn wir nämlich die letzten Jahrtausende nehmen, so sehen wir, dass der physische Leib der Menschen immer trockener und trockener wird, dass der Mensch eben anders geworden ist. Vor anderthalb Jahrtausenden war der physische Leib wesentlich weicher und biegsamer. Der physische Leib ist immer härter geworden. Dagegen ist auch in dem Ätherleib etwas ganz anderes geschehen, etwas, was der Mensch eben darum weniger erleben konnte, weil dieser Ätherleib eine Entwicklung nach aufwärts durchgemacht hat. Es ist bedeutsam, dass wir an dem wichtigen Zeitpunkte stehen, wo der Mensch gewahr werden muss, dass sein Ätherleib ein anderer werden soll. Das ist das Ereignis, welches gerade im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert sich abspielen wird. Während auf der einen Seite das Stärkerwerden des intellektuellen Elementes sich geltend macht, wird auf der anderen Seite der Ätherleib so viel selbstständiger, dass die Menschen es werden merken müssen. Noch haben die Menschen eine Zeit lang nach dem Christus-Ereignis nicht so intellektuell gedacht wie die heutigen Menschen. Dieses Denken im Intellektuellen bewirkt, dass der Ätherleib immer selbstständiger wird, dass er auch als selbstständiges Instrument gebraucht wird. Und dabei kann bemerkt werden, dass er im Geheimen eine Entwicklung durchgemacht hat, welche das Gewahrwerden des Christus im Ätherleib ermöglicht. So wie der Christus dazumal physisch gesehen wurde, wird er jetzt ätherisch geschaut werden können. Sodass in diesem zwanzigsten Jahrhundert wie ein natürliches Ereignis ein Schauen des Christus eintritt, wie Paulus ihn gesehen. Es wird eine Anzahl von Menschen im Ätherischen den Christus sehen können. Sodass man ihn auch kennen wird, den Christus, wenn alle Bibeln verbrannt wären. Wir brauchen dann keine Überlieferung, denn wir sehen ihn, wir schauen ihn. Und das ist ein Ereignis von einer ähnlichen Bedeutung wie dasjenige, das sich auf Golgatha abgespielt hat. Immer mehr und mehr Menschen werden in den nächsten Jahrhunderten dazu kommen, den Christus zu schauen. Die nächsten drei Jahrtausende auf Erden werden einer solchen Entwicklung gewidmet sein, dass der Ätherleib immer sensitiver wird, dass gewisse Menschen dieses und andere Ereignisse erleben werden. Ich will nur ein Ereignis noch erwähnen: dass immer mehr Menschen da sein werden, die irgendetwas tun wollen und dann den Drang haben werden, damit zurückzuhalten. Dann tritt eine Vision auf, und die Menschen werden immer mehr und mehr gewahr werden: Das, was eintreten wird in der Zukunft, ist die karmische Folge von dem, was ich getan habe. Einige Vorzügler - ich möchte dieses Wort bilden in dem Sinne wie Nachzügler - sind schon so weit, dass sie solche Dinge empfinden. Insbesondere bei Kindern tritt derartiges auf.

Es ist ein großer Unterschied zwischen dem, was die geschulten Hellseher erleben, und dem, was hier geschildert wird, was naturgemäß erlebt wird. Der geschulte Hellseher erlebt den Christus seit undenklichen Zeiten durch gewisse Übungen. Auf dem physischen Plan, wenn ich da einem Menschen begegne, so habe ich ihn vor mir; hellseherisch kann ich ihn wahrnehmen an ganz anderen Orten, da trete ich ihm nicht unmittelbar gegenüber. Hellseherisch wahrnehmen den Christus ist immer möglich gewesen. Aber ihm zu begegnen, weil er jetzt anders zur Menschheit steht, nämlich so, dass er einem von der Ätherwelt aus hilft, das ist etwas, was - außer uns — eine von unserer hellseherischen Entwicklung unabhängige Tatsache ist. Vom zwanzigsten Jahrhundert an, in den nächsten dreitausend Jahren werden gewisse Menschen ihm begegnen können, ihm objektiv als ätherische Gestalt dann begegnen. Das ist etwas anderes, als wenn ein Wesen durch innere Entwicklung bis zu seinem Anblick hinaufsteigt.

Damit aber wird das hohe Wesen, das wir den Christus nennen, überhaupt in eine andere Evolutionskette gestellt, als wenn wir von Buddha sprechen. Der Bodhisattva, welcher der Buddha wurde, war in das Königshaus des Suddhodana hineingeboren und wurde im neunundzwanzigsten Jahre seines Lebens Buddha, das heißt, dass er dann nachher nicht mehr inkarniert zu werden brauchte. Wenn eine solche Wesenheit, ein Bodhisattva, Buddha oder Meister wird, so bedeutet das eine innere Entwicklung, nur eine höhere, die jeder Mensch durchmachen kann. Eine esoterische Schulung des Menschen ist nur ein Anfang dessen, was zum Buddha-Werden führt. Das hat nichts zu tun mit dem, was um die Menschen herum geschieht. Solche Menschen treten zu gewissen Zeiten auf, um die Welt weiterzubringen. Es sind das aber andere Ereignisse als das Christus-Ereignis. Christus war nicht etwa herübergekommen von einer anderen menschlichen Individualität, sondern Christus war aus dem Makrokosmos herübergekommen, während alle Bodhisattvas immer mit der Erde verbunden gewesen sind.

Wir müssen uns also klar sein, dass, soweit wir von Bodhisattvaoder Buddha-Wesen sprechen, wir gar nicht den Christus berühren. Denn Christus ist eine makrokosmische Wesenheit, die erst durch die Johannestaufe mit der Erde verbunden ist. Das war die physische Manifestation. Jetzt kommt die ätherische Manifestation, dann die astralische und dann eine noch höhere. Dann müssen aber die Menschen erst so weit sein, diese höhere Stufe zu erleben. Was die Menschen erleben können, das gehört zu den allgemeinen Erdengesetzen. Die Wesenheit, die wir den Christus nennen oder auch mit anderen Namen benennen, wird auch das bewirken, was wir nennen können: die Rettung aller Erdenseelen in die Jupiterwesenheit hinein, während alles andere abfallen wird mit der Erde. Theosophie ist nicht etwas Willkürliches, sondern etwas Wichtiges, das in die Welt kommen musste. Es muss die Welt verstehen lernen das Christus-Wesen, das drei Jahre auf Erden gelebt hat. Das war am Anfang unserer gegenwärtigen Zeitrechnung.

Sie finden in meinem Buche über «Die geistige Führung des Menschen und der Menschheit» das Nähere über die beiden Jesusknaben. Vorbereitet wurde das Christus-Ereignis durch eine mit der Sekte der Essäer in Beziehung stehende Persönlichkeit, Jeshu ben Pandira, welche geboren wurde hundert Jahre bevor die beiden Jesusknaben in Palästina geboren wurden. Sodass man unterscheiden muss zwischen ihnen und dem Jeshu ben Pandira, den unter anderen Haeckel in ganz unwürdiger Weise verschimpft hat. Von dieser sehr hohen Wesenheit, dem Jeshu ben Pandira, rührt als Vorbereitung zu dem, was geschehen sollte, im Wesentlichen das Matthäus-Evangelium her.

Wie haben wir uns das Verhältnis dieses Jeshu ben Pandira zu dem Jesus von Nazareth vorzustellen?

Die Individualitäten haben zunächst nichts miteinander zu tun, außer dass der eine der Vorbereiter des anderen war; aber als Individualitäten sind sie nicht irgendwie verwandt. Sondern die Tatsache ist so, dass in dem einen Jesusknaben, dem des Lukas-Evangeliums, wir eine etwas unausgesprochene Individualität haben, die dadurch schwer zu fassen ist, dass sie sogleich, als sie geboren wurde, sprechen konnte, und zwar in solcher Weise sprechen, dass die Mutter ihn verstehen konnte. Sie war nicht intellektuell, diese Individualität des Lukas-Evangeliums, aber ungeheuer ursprünglich und elementar in Bezug auf moralische Empfindungen. In den astralischen Leib dieser Wesenheit hat hineingewirkt die Buddha-Individualität.

Buddha ist, nachdem er Buddha geworden, eine Wesenheit, die sich nicht mehr auf Erden zu inkarnieren braucht. Solange er Bodhisattva ist, inkarniert er sich. Nachdem er Buddha gewesen, wirkt er von den höheren Welten herunter, und zwar jetzt durch den astralischen Leib des Jesus des Lukas-Evangeliums. Die Kräfte, die von Buddha ausgehen, sind in dem astralischen Leib dieses Jesusknaben. In der Jesus-von-Nazareth-Strömung ist also die Buddha-Strömung mit darinnen.

Dagegen ist das, was die morgenländischen Schriften sagen, auch für den abendländischen Okkultisten richtig, dass in dem Momente, wo der Bodhisattva zum Buddha wird, ein neuer Bodhisattva kommt. In dem Momente, wo der Gautama Buddha zum Buddha geworden, ist diese Bodhisattva-Individualität von der Erde genommen, und es ist ein neuer Bodhisattva auf ihr tätig. Jener Bodhisattva ist es, der zur bestimmten Zeit zum Buddha werden soll. Und zwar ist die Zeit genau festgestellt, wann der Nachfolger des Gautama Buddha, der Maitreya, zum Buddha wird: fünftausend Jahre nach der Erleuchtung des Buddha unter dem Bodhibaume. Ungefähr dreitausend Jahre nach unserer Zeit wird die Welt die Maitreya-Buddha-Inkarnation erleben, welche die letzte Reinkarnation des Jeshu ben Pandira sein wird. Dieser Bodhisattva, der als Maitreya-Buddha kommen wird, der in seiner Wiederverkörperung im Fleisch auch in unserem Jahrhundert im physischen Körper kommen wird - aber nicht als Buddha -, der wird es sich zur Aufgabe machen, der Menschheit alle wirklichen Begriffe über das Christus-Ereignis zu geben.

Die echten Okkultisten anerkennen die Inkarnationen des Bodhisattva, des späteren Maitreya-Buddha. Gerade wie die Menschen alle eine Entwicklung des Ätherleibes durchmachen, so auch diese Individualität. Je weiter die Menschheit demjenigen entgegenkommt, welcher der Maitreya-Buddha sein wird, wird diese Individualität eine besondere Entwicklung durchmachen, die in ihren höchsten Stadien in gewisser Beziehung etwas sein wird wie die Taufe des Jesus von Nazareth: Eine Auswechslung der Individualität erfährt sic. In beiden Fällen wird eine andere Individualität aufgenommen. Sie leben sich als Kinder hinein in die Welt, und nach bestimmten Jahren wird ihre Individualität umgewechselt. Es ist nicht eine kontinuierliche Entwicklung, sondern eine Entwicklung, die einen Bruch erleidet, wie das bei Jesus der Fall war. Bei ihm haben wir im zwölften Jahre eine solche Auswechslung der Individualität, dann wieder bei der Johannestaufe. Solch eine Auswechslung tritt gerade bei dem Bodhisattva ein, der zum Maitreya-Buddha wird. Diese Individualitäten werden plötzlich wie befruchtet von einer anderen. Insbesondere wird der Maitreya-Buddha bis zum dreißigsten Jahre kontinuierlich mit einer bestimmten Individualität leben, und dann tritt für ihn eine Auswechslung ein, wie wir sie bei dem Jesus von Nazareth während der Taufe im Jordan haben. Immer aber wird man den Maitreya-Buddha daran erkennen, dass die Menschen, wenn er da ist, vor dieser Auswechslung der Individualität nichts wissen von ihm. Und dann tritt er plötzlich auf.

Das ist das charakteristische Zeichen für alle Bodhisattvas, die Buddha werden, dass sie ein unbekanntes Leben führen. Die Menschen-Individualität wird in Zukunft immer mehr auf sich selbst gestellt werden müssen. Für ihn wird charakteristisch sein, dass er viele Jahre unerkannt durch die Welt gehen wird und dann erst dadurch zu erkennen sein wird, dass er selbst durch seine innere Kraft als ein einzeln stehender Mensch wirkt. Durch Jahrtausende hindurch und auch durch neuzeitliche Okkultisten ist als Forderung erkannt worden, dass sein Wesen durch seine Jugend bis zur Geburt der Verstandesseele, ja bis zur Geburt der Bewusstseinsseele unbekannt bleibt und er durch niemand anderes als durch sich selbst seine Geltung erhält.

Deshalb ist es so wichtig, bis auf einen gewissen Punkt unnachgiebig zu sein. Jeder wahre Kenner des Okkultismus würde es komisch finden, dass im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert ein Buddha kommen soll, da jeder Okkultist weiß, dass er erst fünftausend Jahre nach dem Gautama Buddha kommen kann. Es kann aber ein Bodhisattva verkörpert sein und wird es.

Dieses ist etwas, was zum Ur-Rüstzeug des Okkultisten gehört: dass der Maitreya-Buddha unbekannt in der Jugend sein wird. Deshalb ist seit Jahren von mir betont worden, dass Rücksicht genommen werden muss auf den Grundsatz des Okkultismus: Vor einem gewissen Lebensalter darf von gewissen Zentralstellen aus niemandem ein Auftrag gegeben werden, über okkulte Lehren zu sprechen. Das ist seit Jahren betont worden. Wenn jüngere Leute sprechen, mögen sie dies aus guten Gründen tun, aber sie tun es nicht in okkultem Auftrag.

Der Maitreya-Buddha macht sich durch eigene Kraft geltend. Er erscheint so, dass niemand ihm helfen kann als die Kraft seines eigenen Seelenwesens.

Verständnis für die ganze Erdenentwicklung ist eine Notwendigkeit, um an die wahre Theosophie heranzukommen. Diejenigen, die dieses Verständnis nicht entwickeln, werden es dazu bringen, dass die neuzeitliche theosophische Bewegung verödet.

The Christ Impulse in Historical Development

My dear Theosophical friends!

Since we see each other so rarely here, we will first discuss something general. And then, since we are gathered in such a small, intimate circle, we can go into any wishes that may be expressed. It will be good to discuss something about the nature of the human being in connection with the whole nature of our world, the great world in general. In this hour, we will discuss the nature of the human being less as it is discussed in general theosophy, for example in my book “Theosophy” — from which everyone can gain sufficient knowledge — but rather we want to take a look at the human essence more from within the human being.

When we think about ourselves as human beings from time to time, we cannot help but notice that we perceive the world around us through our senses, receive impressions from it, and then think about the world. These two aspects of human nature are constantly brought to our attention. For example, when we turn off the lights in the evening and, before falling asleep, let the impressions of the day pass through our soul, we know that the world has had an effect on us during the day. Now only the memory images of the day's impressions can surge up and down in our soul. Now—we know this—we think, now we are already with our soul in the after-echoes of what is going on within us through the external impressions. If we disregard the ordinary trivial relationships, we describe what is going on in our soul as a memory of the day as the individual. It is only because we are intelligent, individual human beings, intellectual beings as human beings, that we are able to let the world pass before us in images, as has just been indicated.

Now, for our spiritual life, this individual is intimately connected with external impressions. When we observe the world during the day, the sensory impressions and thoughts we have flow together continuously. And in the evening, when we no longer have sensory impressions, but allow the impressions to pass through our soul, we know quite precisely: these are the images of what we experience outside. Our impressions of the outside world flow together with what we are as individual human beings. They flow together. Now, as we all know, there is a way to make this inner individual element within us more and more alive, more and more precise. And this is done through the means already known to us, which are described, for example, in my book “How to Know Higher Worlds.” This is the first thing we can experience in our inner life: we feel that we are no longer necessarily dependent on the outer world with our thoughts. For example, if someone can think about what happened on Saturn, the Sun, and the Moon, then they have such high thoughts. For, of course, no human being can receive external impressions, impressions of an external nature, of what happened on the old Saturn, the old Sun, and the old Moon. We need not go that far. When we ask ourselves in a quiet moment: How much has changed in my concepts since my youth? — this is already an independent behavior in the individual element in relation to the world. When we form views on life and maxims, we feel that we are becoming more independent with the intellectual element. This becoming more independent in the individual intellectual element has great significance for human beings. For what does becoming more independent mean? What does it mean when a person acquires maxims for life through experience itself—of things that are independent of external impressions—not through teaching or theories? It means that he becomes more independent in his etheric body. This is the first step in a long process. At the beginning, the individual is not even aware that they are raising their etheric body a little; at the end, they are able to make it completely independent of the physical body.

While the beginning is a very slight becoming independent, the end is a complete withdrawal of the etheric body and perception with the etheric body. We then perceive our surroundings with this independent etheric body. We can also have this perception when we are not yet very far along in our inner mystical experience. We can make this clear and understandable to a certain extent if we remember how our perception is in the physical body. Now, my dear theosophical friends, with our physical body we perceive through our senses, which are independent. Our eyes are independent, our ears are independent. We can perceive the world of colors and the world of sounds independently. We cannot do this when we perceive with our intelligence. In the case of intelligence, everything is unity, nothing is divided into separate areas. We cannot perceive as in individual sensory areas with etheric eyes and etheric ears, but we see the etheric world in general. And when we begin to say something about it, we can describe how unified and comprehensive the etheric experience is. I do not want to say that experience can go much further, but only to point out that when human beings perceive how maxims for living are formed, they can thereby perceive something of the etheric elements.

Those who look into the etheric world and gradually become aware that such a higher world exists can gain an inner conviction that the physical body is based on an etheric body. As soon as we start talking about something like an etheric body, we need to get our bearings through significant insights and through things that we experience in a certain sense. Once you know that an etheric body permeates the physical body, you will no longer find it incomprehensible when occultists express their views on what paralysis is: what normally happens through normal training occurs in an abnormal way. It can happen to a person that their etheric body withdraws from their physical body. The physical body then becomes independent. There is a possibility of paralysis, because the physical body is then deprived of its animating etheric body. But we do not even need to go as far as the appearance of paralysis; we can also understand life better in its everyday manifestations. What, for example, is a lazy person? A lazy person is someone who has had weak etheric body forces from birth or who has weakened them through neglect. People try to correct this by stripping the physical body of its leaden heaviness and making it lighter in some way. However, a true cure can only come from the astral body, which has an invigorating effect on the etheric body through stimulation. But there is something else we need to understand. The etheric body is actually the carrier of our entire intellect. When we fall asleep in the evening, all our ideas and memories actually remain in the etheric body. People leave their thoughts behind in the etheric body and only encounter them again in the morning. By shedding the etheric body, we shed the entire structure of our experiences.

However, this etheric body is also created in such a way that, when we examine it scientifically, we can clearly perceive that human beings are actually subject to much more change over time than we believe. Isn't it true that we all know that human beings have gone through periods of incarnation? It is not meaningless that we are incarnated again and again. Human vision is short-sighted. We believe that human beings have always been organized as they are today. Human organization changes from century to century, but it is not possible to investigate this in the outer field. In the forebrain there is an organ, lying in fine convolutions, which has only developed since the fourteenth or fifteenth century. It is an organic form for the purely intellectual life of these centuries. We can well imagine that it is impossible for such a detail in the brain to change without the entire human organization changing, even if only in a small way. So that, in fact, the human organization undergoes changes from century to century. However, the change in this relationship can only be ascertained by following the Akashic Records. And there, the changes in the etheric body can best be traced. There we see how people in ancient Greece or ancient Egypt had completely different etheric bodies. The entire currents were different.

Now, in order to arrive at a thought that may be fruitful for us, I would first like to make a small interjection, pointing out that even in ordinary life we can assume the existence of a majority of worlds. Human beings fall asleep without knowing that they are in another world. The fact that they sleep through it and know nothing about it is no proof that it does not exist. But the other worlds extend into that world in a certain way. When humans are in the physical world, they perceive through their senses; when they withdraw into themselves, they do not. Then they have an intellectual world, and this borders on the physical world. But within themselves, they find two completely different elements in addition to the already developed intellectual element. Can humans develop these other elements?

A simple reflection can show that there is a more peculiar world of inner life than that of mere thinking. It is there when we can say to ourselves: We feel morally as human beings. This is the world where we associate a sympathetic or antipathetic feeling with very specific experiences. This goes beyond intellectual experience. Someone shows goodwill toward another, and we like that, or ill will, and we dislike that. This is something completely different from mere intellectual experience. Mere reflection cannot give rise to the feeling within us that an action is moral or immoral. There may be intellectually highly perceptive individuals who have no sense of the repugnance of a purely selfish act. This is a world unto itself, the same world we become aware of when we admire the beauty and sublimity of works of art or find the ugly repulsive. What elevates us in works of art cannot be grasped with the intellect, but only with our soul life. Thus we can say: something that transcends the intellectual realm intrudes into our lives. When an occultist observes a soul at such a moment, when it feels revulsion at an immoral act or pleasure in a moral one, it passes through a higher degree of soul life. Mere thinking is a lower degree of soul life than pleasure or displeasure in moral or immoral acts. When a person with a strengthened etheric body gains a more intense sense of morality and immorality, it is not merely a case of the etheric body becoming independent, but rather a strengthening of the astral body, a special stimulation of the astral forces. So we can say that a person who is particularly sensitive to moral and immoral actions will acquire particularly strong forces in the astral body, while those who elevate their etheric body only intellectually—for example, through exercises that strengthen the power of memory—may well develop very far in clairvoyance, but will not be able to leave the etheric-astral world because only the intellectual element is active in them. If one wants to go beyond the astral world, one must do exercises that express sympathy for moral actions and antipathy for immoral actions. Then we actually ascend to a world that is behind our world in a sense other than merely astral. We then ascend into the heavenly world. So we can say: In the great world of the invisible, the heavenly world of the macrocosm corresponds to what lives in us in relation to moral or immoral impressions, and the astral world of the macrocosm corresponds to what is in us in the intellectual-physical perception of the physical world. That which develops in the intellectual element corresponds to the astral world, that which can be developed in relation to moral or immoral actions corresponds to the heavenly world, the Devachan world.

Then there is yet another element in the human soul. There is a difference between moral actions that are pleasing and those that one feels obliged to do, i.e., to do what one considers moral and to refrain from doing what is immoral. Feeling obligated is the highest thing that humans can achieve in the world today.

What we must regard as a ladder of the human soul is therefore:

1. The sensual human being.
2. The intellectual human being. This is the one who faces the first invisible world.
3. The morally sensitive aesthetic human being, who feels pleasure or displeasure in moral and immoral actions. This corresponds to the lower Devachan world outside.
4. The morally active person.

The fact that human beings also do what they feel inwardly as the highest moral impulses corresponds to the higher Devachan world outside, the world of reason, where beings reign who represent the absolutely reasonable in the world. When human beings can grasp that in the world of their moral impulses there is a shadow image of the highest world from which they have emerged, then they have understood much about the macrocosm.

Thus we have the physical world and the world of the intellect, the moral world or the heavenly world of the lower Devachan, and the world of reason or higher Devachan world. The cosmic worlds cast the shadow images of the sensory world within us: the intellectual world, intellectual clairvoyance; the aesthetic world: moral feeling; the world of reason: moral impulses to action. Through a kind of self-knowledge, human beings can perceive these different stages within themselves.

Now, this entire configuration of the human being has changed over time. The human being of today is not at all what he was in ancient Greece or ancient Egypt. Back then, in the time of ancient Greece, the human being was such that higher beings guided the soul element within him, and therefore the human being of that time felt something like a natural obligation toward those beings. Now we are in a time when human beings are guided by the intellectual element, and therefore they feel something like an aesthetic-moral obligation. At that time, however, it would have been impossible for anyone to think that if something was there as a moral impulse, it would be possible to do something else. Even in Greece, people felt that they had to act in accordance with their likes and dislikes.

Now came the newer times, when people no longer feel obligated to the aesthetic element, which is expressed in the saying: There is no accounting for taste. — But with those who have developed taste, one can probably agree.

What was once felt in the moral and aesthetic realms is now felt as necessary in the intellectual realm: to have a certain guidance so that one cannot think as one pleases, but must follow the laws of logic. With this, however, we have reached the lowest level of human experience. We are now at a transitional stage, as is easy to see. If we take the last few millennia, we see that the physical body of human beings has become increasingly dry, that human beings have changed. A millennium and a half ago, the physical body was much softer and more flexible. The physical body has become increasingly hard. In contrast, something completely different has happened in the etheric body, something that human beings have been less able to experience because this etheric body has undergone an upward development. It is significant that we are at an important point in time when human beings must become aware that their etheric body is to become different. This is the event that will take place in the twentieth century. While on the one hand the strengthening of the intellectual element is making itself felt, on the other hand the etheric body is becoming so much more independent that human beings will have to notice it. For some time after the Christ event, human beings did not think as intellectually as they do today. This intellectual thinking causes the etheric body to become increasingly independent, so that it is also used as an independent instrument. And in the process, it can be noticed that it has undergone a secret development that makes it possible to become aware of Christ in the etheric body. Just as Christ was seen physically at that time, he will now be seen etherically. So that in this twentieth century, seeing Christ, as Paul saw him, will occur as a natural event. A number of people will be able to see Christ in the etheric. So that even if all the Bibles were burned, people would still know Christ. We would then have no need for tradition, because we would see him, we would look upon him. And this is an event of similar significance to that which took place on Golgotha. More and more people will come to see Christ in the coming centuries. The next three millennia on earth will be devoted to such a development that the etheric body will become increasingly sensitive, enabling certain people to experience this and other events. I would like to mention just one more event: that more and more people will be there who want to do something and then feel the urge to hold back. Then a vision will appear, and people will become more and more aware that what will happen in the future is the karmic consequence of what they have done. Some “forerunners”—I would like to coin this word in the sense of “laggards”—are already at the point where they feel such things. This occurs particularly in children.

There is a big difference between what trained clairvoyants experience and what is described here, which is experienced naturally. Trained clairvoyants have experienced Christ since time immemorial through certain exercises. On the physical plane, when I meet a person, I have them in front of me; clairvoyantly, I can perceive them in completely different places, where I am not directly facing them. It has always been possible to perceive Christ clairvoyantly. But to encounter him because he now stands differently to humanity, namely in such a way that he helps us from the etheric world, is something that — except for us — is a fact independent of our clairvoyant development. From the twentieth century onwards, in the next three thousand years, certain people will be able to encounter him, to encounter him objectively as an etheric form. This is different from a being rising through inner development to the point of seeing him.

But this places the high being we call Christ in a completely different evolutionary chain than when we speak of Buddha. The Bodhisattva who became Buddha was born into the royal house of Suddhodana and became Buddha in the twenty-ninth year of his life, which means that he did not need to incarnate again afterwards. When such a being, a Bodhisattva, becomes Buddha or Master, this signifies an inner development, only a higher one, which every human being can undergo. An esoteric training of the human being is only the beginning of what leads to becoming Buddha. This has nothing to do with what happens around human beings. Such people appear at certain times to advance the world. However, these are different events from the Christ event. Christ did not come over from another human individuality, but Christ came over from the macrocosm, while all bodhisattvas have always been connected to the earth.

We must therefore be clear that when we speak of bodhisattva or Buddha beings, we are not touching on Christ at all. For Christ is a macrocosmic being who was only connected to the earth through the baptism of John. That was the physical manifestation. Now comes the etheric manifestation, then the astral, and then an even higher one. But then people must first be ready to experience this higher stage. What people can experience belongs to the general laws of the earth. The being we call Christ, or by other names, will also bring about what we can call the salvation of all earthly souls into the Jupiter being, while everything else will fall away with the Earth. Theosophy is not something arbitrary, but something important that had to come into the world. The world must learn to understand the Christ being who lived on Earth for three years. That was at the beginning of our present era.

You will find more details about the two Jesus boys in my book on “The Spiritual Guidance of Man and Humanity.” The Christ event was prepared by a personality connected with the Essene sect, Jeshu ben Pandira, who was born a hundred years before the two Jesus boys were born in Palestine. So one must distinguish between them and the Jeshu ben Pandira whom Haeckel, among others, reviled in a most unworthy manner. From this very high being, Jeshu ben Pandira, essentially stems the Gospel of Matthew as preparation for what was to happen.

How are we to understand the relationship between this Jeshu ben Pandira and the Jesus of Nazareth?

The individuals initially have nothing to do with each other, except that one was the preparer of the other; but as individuals they are not related in any way. The fact is that in the boy Jesus of the Gospel of Luke, we have a somewhat unspoken individuality that is difficult to grasp because he was able to speak immediately after he was born, and in such a way that his mother could understand him. This individuality in Luke's Gospel was not intellectual, but tremendously original and elementary in terms of moral feelings. The Buddha individuality worked into the astral body of this being.

After becoming Buddha, Buddha is a being who no longer needs to incarnate on earth. As long as he is a bodhisattva, he incarnates. After becoming Buddha, he works down from the higher worlds, now through the astral body of the Jesus of Luke's Gospel. The forces emanating from Buddha are in the astral body of this boy Jesus. So the Buddha current is also present in the Jesus of Nazareth current.

On the other hand, what the Eastern scriptures say is also true for Western occultists, namely that at the moment when the Bodhisattva becomes Buddha, a new Bodhisattva comes. At the moment when Gautama Buddha became Buddha, this Bodhisattva individuality was taken from the earth, and a new Bodhisattva became active on it. It is this Bodhisattva who is to become Buddha at a certain time. The time when the successor of Gautama Buddha, Maitreya, will become Buddha is precisely determined: five thousand years after the Buddha's enlightenment under the Bodhi tree. Approximately three thousand years after our time, the world will experience the incarnation of Maitreya Buddha, which will be the last reincarnation of Jeshu ben Pandira. This Bodhisattva, who will come as Maitreya Buddha, who in his reincarnation in the flesh will also come in our century in a physical body – but not as Buddha – will make it his task to give humanity all the real concepts about the Christ event.

Genuine occultists recognize the incarnations of the Bodhisattva, the future Maitreya Buddha. Just as all human beings undergo a development of the etheric body, so does this individuality. The closer humanity comes to the one who will be the Maitreya Buddha, the more this individuality will undergo a special development which, in its highest stages, will be something like the baptism of Jesus of Nazareth: a change of individuality takes place. In both cases, a different individuality is taken on. They live as children in the world, and after a certain number of years their individuality is changed. It is not a continuous development, but a development that undergoes a break, as was the case with Jesus. With him, we see such a change of individuality at the age of twelve, then again at the baptism of John. Such a change occurs precisely with the Bodhisattva who becomes the Maitreya Buddha. These individualities are suddenly fertilized by another. In particular, the Maitreya Buddha will live continuously with a certain individuality until the age of thirty, and then a change occurs for him, as we have with Jesus of Nazareth during his baptism in the Jordan. However, the Maitreya Buddha will always be recognizable by the fact that when he is present, people know nothing about him before this change of individuality. And then he suddenly appears.

This is the characteristic sign of all Bodhisattvas who become Buddhas, that they lead an unknown life. In the future, human individuality will increasingly have to stand on its own. It will be characteristic of him that he will go through the world unrecognized for many years and only then will he be recognizable by the fact that he himself, through his inner power, acts as an individual human being. Throughout the millennia, and also by modern occultists, it has been recognized as a requirement that his essence remains unknown through his youth until the birth of the intellectual soul, indeed until the birth of the consciousness soul, and that he gains his validity through no one else but himself.

That is why it is so important to be unyielding up to a certain point. Any true connoisseur of occultism would find it strange that a Buddha should come in the twentieth century, since every occultist knows that he can only come five thousand years after Gautama Buddha. However, a Bodhisattva can be incarnated and will be.

This is something that belongs to the basic equipment of the occultist: that the Maitreya Buddha will be unknown in his youth. That is why I have emphasized for years that consideration must be given to the principle of occultism: before a certain age, no one may be given a commission by certain central authorities to speak about occult teachings. This has been emphasized for years. When younger people speak, they may do so for good reasons, but they are not doing so on occult orders.

The Maitreya Buddha asserts himself through his own power. He appears in such a way that no one can help him except the power of his own soul.

Understanding the entire development of the Earth is necessary in order to approach true theosophy. Those who do not develop this understanding will cause the modern theosophical movement to wither away.