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Occult Reading and Occult Hearing
GA 156

3 October 1914, Dornach

1. The Human Being and his Relationship to the World

You must not expect that these four lectures can be a substitute for those which were planned for Munich. [It had been Dr. Steiner's intention to give a course of lectures on the theme ‘Occult Reading and Occult Hearing’ in August 1914, after the production of a new Mystery Play, but this was prevented by the outbreak of the War.] I will try to give a brief outline of what was to have been the content of the Munich lectures but the most important and essential information that was to have been given there must be reserved for less turbulent times. I am astonished to find certain people thinking that the strenuous efforts required for giving very important teachings of Spiritual Science—as was intended in Munich—can be applied in times such as those in which we are now living. But it will be realised one day that this simply is not possible, that the highest truths cannot be communicated when storms are raging. As far as my theme is concerned, I will give a course of lectures on it later on, when karma permits, in substitution for what was to have been given in Munich. But in view of the desire to hear something about this subject, I will try to meet this wish as far as is possible at the present time.

The essential findings of Spiritual Science are acquired through occult reading and occult hearing. We hear something about the methods by which the spiritual investigator reaches his experiences, when he speaks of the actual processes of occult reading and occult hearing. Absurd theories still prevail at the present time about the way in which results are obtained in Spiritual Science. Before I pass on to the central theme I will speak of a trivial matter—trivial, that is to say, in comparison with what our stream of spiritual life would like to attain. A certain modern Professor wrote a review of my book Theosophy. This review was published a few years ago, and the author was obviously irritated most of all by what is said in the book about the human aura, about thought-forms and so forth. Among many things that I will not mention here, this review also contains something that is absolutely comprehensible from the point of view of a typical thinker of the present day. It is said that if there is anything in these statements about the aura and thought-forms, some of those who can see thought-forms should subject themselves to an experiment. There would have to be an experiment where a number of those who claim to be able to see such things stand in front of others who have certain thoughts and feelings, and then the former should be asked: ‘What do you see in these people standing or sitting in front of you?’ Then—according to the reviewer—these so-called occultists should state what they have observed, and the others should confirm that they had actually had these thoughts and feelings. If the seers' statements all tallied with each other, then they could be believed.

Let me say here that there is nothing more natural than this argument. Any thinker schooled in modern natural, science must use it because it inevitably appears to be completely reasonable. Nevertheless, one thing holds good. The Professor who said this had certainly read the book before writing his review. We must assume this at any rate. As the review gives the impression of honesty, we can certainly assume it. But he could not read it in the real sense because, comprehensible as it is that the objections should be made as long as there is no knowledge of the truths contained in the book, it ought also to be comprehensible that such objections would not be brought forward if the book had been read with understanding. With these words I am saying something that will be considered outrageous by every normal scientific thinker of to-day—he will think it outrageous because it must inevitably be incomprehensible to him; he simply cannot understand it. Among the things to be found in that book, there is also the following.—It is said that if the seer really desires to look into the spiritual world and see the truth, he must, above all, practise a self-education which enables him to penetrate into things with absolute selflessness, to silence his own wishes and desires in face of the spiritual world. Yes, but if five or six people are brought together in order to make an experiment according to the methods of natural science, as is demanded, those four or five people start off with the wish to reach a certain result—as a matter of fact a result that is demanded by science itself. The whole thing is arranged as happens when there are desires and wishes in ordinary life—which is just what should be avoided. It is obvious that every true impression of the spiritual world will be eliminated by such an experiment. For this experiment is arranged entirely according to the thinking of the physical plane and it is just these thoughts of the physical plane that must be overcome, together with all the desires and wishes connected with them. It may be said that it is a question of being passive. Certainly—but such conditions cannot be arranged from the standpoint of the physical plane and with the methods of the physical plane. They must be arranged only from the standpoint of the spiritual world and with the methods of the spiritual world.

First of all, the matter in question would have to lie in the spiritual world itself, not in the brain of a curious professor. The intention would have to emanate from the spiritual world that human beings who are seers here on the physical plane should experience something of the thoughts and feelings of other human beings; through the karma of the spiritual world a handful of people would have to be brought together—brought together, not by a professor but as if through a nexus of destiny. Then, from the other side, the seers too would themselves have to be brought together by karma. Again, from out of the spiritual world the feelings and so forth within the individuals would have to be revealed to the various seers. If the experiment could be arranged in this way it would undoubtedly succeed.

If anyone reads my book Theosophy with real understanding, he will know that what I have just said is a self-evident truth of the spiritual world but that such procedures are not possible in our age. And one has, after all, to reckon with this fact.

Because the review in question showed me that people are not able to read the book with sufficient understanding to discover such a thought by themselves, in the sixth edition—the proofs of which I am now correcting—I have added what I have just told you. One of the essentials in a book that has grown out of Spiritual Science is that one not only assimilate its actual contents—that is of minimal importance—but that having read it a change shall have taken place in thinking and feeling; standards and judgments otherwise applied in the everyday world should have progressed. The difficulty still standing in the way of understanding books on Spiritual Science is that people read them just as they read other writings and imagine that their contents can be absorbed in the same way, whereas the truth is that something will be changed within us when we have understood a genuinely occult book. It is therefore quite understandable that genuine occult books are rejected by most human beings to-day. For what ought to take place in someone who reads such a book at the present time? He takes the book ... and he is clever ... as everyone is clever to-day. He considers that he is capable of judging the contents of the book, and he is convinced at the outset that there can be no better judge of that book than himself. And now, after having read it, is he supposed to learn to judge differently? Of course, he cannot do so; he is clever already and has impeccable judgment! He does not admit that there is anything to change in his power of judgment. Needless to say he will realise nothing of the basic trend and intention of the book. At most he comes to the conclusion that he has learnt nothing from its contents and that it is all so much juggling with words and concepts. It must necessarily be so if he does not constantly have in mind the basic principle of Spiritual Science which is that in any circumstance, no matter how trivial, after reading a genuine book on Spiritual Science, a different kind of perception and judgment of the world must arise.

There is one essential to be remembered if the words ‘Occult Reading and Occult Hearing’ are to mean anything to us. We must, as it were, say farewell to the ordinary kind of thinking, the ordinary judgments applied to the physical world. I have often emphasised that one must, of course, remain a reasonable human being. Although a new kind of judgment, of thinking and of feeling must be acquired for the spiritual world, healthy judgment as regards the events and beings of the physical plane must be maintained. That goes without saying. But there is something that is necessary for the higher worlds and does not hold good for the physical plane. I will start from an experience that is certainly familiar

On the physical plane we are accustomed through our thinking, feeling and willing to relate ourselves to that plane. When we think, we create for ourselves mental pictures of the things and beings of the physical plane and the processes connected with then. Anything of which we opine that it is present in space or takes place in time, we thereby make into our own spiritual property. We learn, through our mental pictures, to know something. It is the same with feeling. We confront some object—for instance, we delight in a rose; we take the rose into our world, into our feeling, into our own soul. We make something that goes out as an impression from the rose and works upon our soul, into our own inner possession. In willing, we incorporate into the external world something that is contained in our intention. Relationships between ourselves and the external world are clearly evident when we observe our behaviour and conduct on the physical plane. Nothing we thus apply in acts of thinking, feeling and willing, nothing we do when we enter into relation with the outer world through the physical body, serves us in the remotest degree—in the form in which it is practised on the physical plane—for getting to know anything of the higher world. Whatever helps us for example, to know something about the physical world, whatever we apply in the form of feeling or thinking in order to know about the things of the physical world—this can serve only as preparation for spiritual-scientific investigation.

Let it be remembered, therefore, that in the physical world whatever we do in thinking, feeling and willing in order to have some knowledge of that world or to do something for it—all this serves only as preparation for knowledge of the higher worlds. Whatever we may think about something belonging to the physical world, no matter how astutely, gives us no knowledge of the higher worlds. Through thinking our soul is merely prepared, merely trained in such a way that it gradually becomes capable of penetrating into the spiritual worlds. And the same applies to willing and feeling in connection with things of the physical world. In order to be doubly clear, let me say this. A learned researcher, through his scientific methods, gets to know something belonging to the external world. When he has investigated it he is wont to say: I know this and that belonging to the external world. This kind of investigation, this kind of thinking, does not help him in the very least to penetrate into the spiritual world. His thinking and investigation are of significance only because they exercise the powers of his soul. The effect, as far as penetration into the spiritual worlds is concerned, is that through this thinking and investigation the soul becomes more capable of living its own life, of activating its own forces. The activities that are normally carried out in the physical world are of use for spiritual-scientific investigation only as an education of a man's own soul.

I will choose still one more comparison to make the matter clearer. Suppose someone is a carpenter; he has learnt carpentry and intends to make furniture. In his work as a carpenter he makes certain pieces of furniture and continues to do so for many years. This is his job. But something else happens as well; he becomes more skilful, his manipulations more effective; he acquires something else, inasmuch as his own organism becomes more skilful. This is a kind of supplementary achievement. It is the same with spiritual activities. If, as a botanist, I think and make great efforts for years in the sphere of botany, that is all to the good, but as well as this my mind becomes more flexible. That is also of help. I am better ‘drilled’ than I was some decades ago. Please do not take the expression in its ordinary trivial sense, if I say that the spiritual scientist must have been previously ‘drilled.’ He must use his drilling to make his spiritual powers more mobile, more flexible. Then, when everything that is otherwise practised in the world is placed directly in the service of self-education as happens in meditation and concentration, in the exercises that are given for the purpose of penetrating into the spiritual world—we duly prepare ourselves for this. Please take the words, ‘we prepare ourselves,’ as something infinitely important, for in reality we can never do anything more than prepare ourselves to enter the spiritual world; the rest is an affair of that world itself; the spiritual world must then come to us. It will not do so if we remain in the usual state of human beings on the physical plane. Only when we have transformed our soul-forces in the way indicated can we hope that the spiritual world will come to us. It cannot be anything like investigation in the physical world, for then we go towards the things we are investigating. We can only prepare so that when the spiritual world comes towards us, it will not escape us, but make a real impression upon us.

It must therefore be said: All that we can do to develop the capacity for spiritual investigation is to prepare ourselves worthily, in order that when karma wills that the spiritual world shall confront us, we shall not be blind and deaf to it. We can so prepare ourselves, but the manifestation of the spiritual world is an act of grace by that world and must be thought of as such.

And so to the question: How can one succeed in penetrating into the spiritual world?—the answer must be: We must prepare ourselves by adopting every measure that makes our actions more skilful, more mobile, that trains our thinking, makes our feeling and perception more delicate, more full of devotion. And then: Wait, Wait, Wait! That is the golden rule—to be able to wait in restfulness of soul. The spiritual world does not allow itself to become accessible in any other way than this: individuals must make themselves worthy of it and then develop a mood of expectation in restfulness of soul. That is the essential. We acquire it in the way I have described in detail in my books, by making ourselves ready to receive the spiritual world. But we must also acquire that absolute restfulness of soul which alone makes it possible for the spiritual world to approach us.

In lectures I have used the following example. In the physical world, if we want to see something we must go to it. Those who want to see Rome must go to Rome. That is quite natural in the physical world, for Rome will not come to them. In the spiritual world it is just the reverse. We can do nothing except prepare ourselves through the methods described, in order to be worthy to receive the spiritual world: we must acquire restfulness of soul, poise where we stand ... then the spiritual world comes to us. We must wait for it in restfulness of soul—that is the essential. And this that comes to us, where is it? Of this too I have often spoken and will speak of it merely by way of introduction so that we may have a good foundation upon which to proceed.

You are all familiar with our anthroposophical literature. Where are the Elemental Beings, where are the Beings of the higher Hierarchies? They are here, everywhere—just where the table is, where the chairs are, where you yourselves are—they are around us everywhere. But in comparison with the things and processes of the external world they are so ethereal, so fleeting, that they escape the attention of men. Men pass unceasingly through the whole spiritual world and do not see it because through their constitution they are still unprepared for it. If you were able to enter the spiritual world, as is the case at night when you are asleep, you would realise that consciousness is so weak that in spite of the fact that man is in the spiritual world from the time he goes to sleep until he wakes, his consciousness is too dull to perceive the spiritual Beings who are around him. He is in the spiritual world the whole night long, he is within this delicate, fluctuating world, but he is not aware of it because his consciousness is too dull.

What must happen in order that man can learn to be aware of this world in which he is really living all the time? Here we have to consider something very important. Above all, we must keep the following in mind. I have tried to describe it more precisely, for the public as well, in the last chapter of the book Riddles of Philosophy. I want to see whether a few individuals who are not in the Anthroposophical Movement are capable of understanding it.

How does external perception come about? As you know, people generally think—especially those who imagine themselves to be very clever—that external perception arises because the objects are there and then man, inside his skin, receives impressions from the objects; they suppose that his brain (if they think materialistically) produces inner pictures of the external objects and forms. Now that is simply not the case; the facts are quite different. The truth is that the human being is not by any means confined within his skin. If someone is looking at a bunch of flowers, then with his Ego and astral body he is actually within it, and his organism is a reflecting apparatus which reflects it back to him. In reality you extend over the horizon which you survey. In waking consciousness, you are also rooted, with an essential part of your Ego and astral body, in your physical and etheric bodies. The process is as I have often described in lectures. Let us assume that here are a number of mirrors. As long as you walk through space and have no mirror, you do not see yourself, but as soon as you come to a mirror you do. The human organism is not the producer of what you experience in your soul, it is only the reflecting apparatus. The soul is united with the bunch of flowers outside. That the soul may be able to see the flowers consciously depends upon the eye, in unison with the brain-apparatus, reflecting back to the soul that with which the soul is living. Man does not perceive in the night, because when he sleeps he draws out what is within him all day—his Ego and astral body. Therefore, the eyes and brain cease to reflect. Going to sleep is just as though you had a mirror in front of you—you look into the mirror and see your own face; take the mirror away, and all at once your face is no longer there!

And so man, with his being of soul-and-spirit, is actually within that part of the world which he surveys; and he sees it consciously, because his own organism mirrors it back to him. In the night this reflecting apparatus is not there, and he sees nothing. We ourselves are the part of the world which we see; during the night that part of the world is withdrawn.

One of the worst forms of Maya is the belief that man remains firmly within his skin. He does not; in reality he is within the things he sees. When I am confronting a human being, I am within him with my astral body and Ego. If I were not to confront him with my organism I should not see him. The fact that I can see him is due to my organism; but with my astral body and Ego I am within him. The failure to realise this is one of the most dangerous results of Maya.

In this way we can form an idea of the nature of perception and experience on the physical plane.

And what about the spiritual world? If we want to experience that of which I have said that it is so fleeting, so mobile compared with the processes and things of the physical world that although we live within it as within the coarse objects of the physical world, we do not experience it because it is too tenuous—if we want to experience this fluctuating, ethereal reality, then our ordinary Ego, the bearer of our individuality, our egoity, must be damped down, must be suppressed. In true meditation this is what we do. What is meditation? We take some content, or mental picture, and give ourselves over entirely to it. We forget ourselves and suppress the egoity of ordinary waking consciousness. We exclude everything that is connected with the egoity of waking consciousness. Whereas we are accustomed to apply egoity on the physical plane, we now suppress it. Instead of living in the physical and etheric bodies, we gradually succeed, by suppressing egoity, in living in the astral body only.

Please note the essential point here. When we meditate or concentrate, our primary goal always is to suppress our egoity. This egoity must not transmit physical experiences; we try to suppress it, to press it into the astral body. When it is in the astral body it is not, to begin with, reflected in the physical body.

When you look at this bunch of flowers, you are, in reality, within it. The physical body is a reflecting apparatus and you see the bunch of flowers because the physical body mirrors it to you. If you suppress the Ego with its egoity, then you will be living within the astral body. And the astral body is so delicate that you can perceive the fleeting things of the external world consciously; but they too must first be reflected if you are to see them in reality.

There are many among you who faithfully and sincerely devote yourselves to meditation. Thereby you succeed in suppressing the everyday egoity, and experience in the astral body begins. But reflection must first take place if you are to have conscious experience in the astral body. There are numbers among you who through meditation have already reached the stage of living in the astral body. But now it is a matter of reflection, of mirroring. And just as in ordinary life the physical body must reflect what we experience, so, if we want to perceive consciously in the spiritual world, the experiences of the astral body must be reflected by the etheric body.

But what happens when a man's experiences in the astral body are actually reflected by the etheric body? Something happens of which we must realise, above all, that it is absolutely different from sight in the physical world. Things in the spiritual world are not as convenient as they are in the physical world. Even a bunch of cut flowers is a self-contained object; it remains as it is. We can take a bunch of flowers home and have pleasure in it, put it in a vase and so on. We expect nothing else when the bunch of flowers is there in front of us. But this is not by any means the case with the astral experiences that are reflected to us by the etheric body. Everything there lives and weaves; nothing is still for a single moment. But the essential thing is not how it appears in the reflection. The essential thing about the bunch of flowers is what it actually is, at the time. I take the flowers and I have them. When something is reflected to me by the etheric body, I cannot take it as it is and be satisfied with it. For it simply is not what it appears to be.

Understand me well, my dear friends. For this too I have often used the following analogy. Suppose there are a few strokes here (on the blackboard) let us say B ... A ... U. Now if I could not read when these signs are in front of me I should simply say: ‘I see a few strokes like this which, when joined, form a peculiar pattern.’ I cannot take this home like the bunch of flowers and put it in a vase! If I were to take what stands there, the word BAU (building) and put it in a frame, then I have not got what is essential. What is essential is the actual building outside somewhere. I express the building through these signs, and I merely read the essential thing, in the signs.

On the physical plate the essential things are actually there, in front of me. In ordinary reading I have not the essentials; I have signs for them. So, it is with what I experience in the astral body which is then reflected in the etheric body. It is correct only if I take it as so many signs, realise that these signs mean something else and that it is not sufficient simply to look at what is reflected and assume that it is the essential thing. It is not the essential, any more than the word BAU is the actual building. The essential thing is what these signs mean. First of all, I must learn to read them. In the same way I must learn to read what, to begin with, I perceive in the spiritual world—simply a number of signs which express the truth. We can acquire knowledge of the spiritual world only by taking what it presents to us as letters and words which we learn to read. If we do not learn this, if we think we can spare ourselves the trouble of this occult learning to read, it would be just as clever as a person taking a book and saying: There are fools who say that something is expressed in this book, but that is no concern of mine. I can just turn over the pages and see fascinating letters on them. Such a person simply takes what is presented to him and does not trouble about what is there expressed.

If what I have just said is ignored, one comes into an entirely false relationship to the spiritual world. The essential point is to learn to read and interpret what is perceived. We shall see in the next lectures what is meant by this reading and interpreting.

Thus, we have indications at any rate, which help us to understand the question: What is occult reading? Occult reading begins when man experiences himself in the astral body—just as in the physical world he experiences himself in the Ego—and when the experiences of the astral body are reflected in the etheric body, not as is the case in the physical world, when the experiences of the Ego are reflected in the physical body.

Something else must be remembered here. We are not, as I have also told you to-day, wholly within the objects outside us; we are not only in them with our Ego and astral body; but in waking consciousness the Ego also sends part of itself into the physical body. It is only during sleep that the Ego withdraws from the physical body. This means that in order to live in the physical world we must be able to dive down into our physical body. As regards perception and reading in the spiritual world, we realise, in the first place, that we can live in our astral body, and that things are reflected to us by the etheric body. But we must advance to the further stage of being able to live in the etheric body itself, to come down into the etheric body just as on waking from sleep we come down into the physical body. Please take note too that it is necessary to come down with the astral body into the etheric body.

When we learn to read, we learn to live outside the physical body. Just as on waking we come down into the physical body, so must the occultist, without sinking into the physical body, come down into the etheric body. Occultists call this, with reason, ‘being thrust into the abyss.’ What is necessary is that we should not be stupefied when this happens, that we should go down with consciousness and maintain our own bearings, for this descent into the etheric body is not as easy as the descent into the physical body. In very truth it is like being thrust into the abyss. Man's being is split into three. I have spoken of this in the book Knowledge of the Higher Worlds. Man becomes a threefold being. He cannot consciously descend into his etheric body without being multiplied in the way indicated.

When the human being lives in the physical world alone, and goes to sleep, his Ego and astral body are outside the physical and etheric bodies; his consciousness then is too dull to enable him to see the spiritual world. When he comes down into the physical body which reflects the physical world to him so that he perceives it, this too is a kind of thrust into the abyss; only it is made so easy for us that we do not experience it as a shock. But every morning, if through our exercises we progress to that stage where we can experience something in the spiritual world, if we learn to read in this condition which is like sleep that has become conscious, we also experience what it means to be thrust down, to be divided into three. If we retain our consciousness now, we are also able consciously to penetrate into the things and happenings of the spiritual world that are outside us.

Thus, we learn to live in the astral body and have our experiences reflected by the etheric body. We read as when we are reading a book. As soon as we have come down into the etheric body we become threefold. We can send out these three parts of our being—and they then move about consciously in the spiritual world. In their wanderings they then experience what we call ‘occult hearing.’ As soon as we have been consciously thrust down into our own etheric body, occult hearing begins. Now we penetrate into things in the real sense. Now we notice that what we have previously learnt to read we can actually experience.

Let us therefore repeat what has been said. Through his occult exercises man is enabled to suppress his egoity to such an extent that he learns to live consciously in his astral body. Then, gradually, the beings and happenings of the spiritual world are reflected by his etheric body. When he is able rightly to interpret this reflected world, he has learnt the art of occult reading. At a further stage, when he is able not only to read while outside his etheric body, but to awaken in the real sense in the etheric body, then he sends out the three parts of his being into the world and hears what is going on, hears its inner weaving and activity. At this stage he hears it.

Gradually he develops the faculty of occult reading and occult hearing in such a way that something quite definite is associated with the experience. He succeeds in actually penetrating to the reality of things. For what transpires on the physical plane is not the reality, indeed it is not! Simple contemplation shows us in every region and corner of the world that what we experience in our environment is not the reality, that we attach a false meaning to everything. Someone once said to me on the banks of the Rhine: ‘There is the ancient Rhine.’ It was a beautiful, deeply felt saying. But what, in reality, is ancient in the Rhine? Certainly not the water that one sees flowing by, for the next moment it is no longer there. It shows clearly enough that it is not what is ancient. Ancient, at most, is the hollow that has been burrowed out in the soil, but that is not what is meant when someone speaks of ‘the ancient Rhine.’ What is it, in reality, that is designated by the phrase, ‘the ancient Rhine?’ If one says ‘the hollow’ ... well, there are hollows in the sea-floor too, and also streams. When the Gulf Stream flows through the ocean, not only is the water different at every moment but the hollow too is different. Nothing is permanent in the Physical, nothing whatever. It is the same with the whole physical world. Your own organism is only a stream: the flesh and blood you have to-day was not yours eight years ago. Nothing is real in the Physical, everything is in flow.

To speak of ‘the ancient Rhine’ has meaning only when we are thinking of those elemental Beings who actually have their life in the Rhine, when we are thinking of the elemental River God Rhine—a spiritual Being who is truly ancient. Only then have we said something that has meaning. We must mean the words ‘ancient Rhine’ in a spiritual sense, or we are talking thoughtlessly. It is profoundly true that we penetrate to spiritual realities only when we are guided by the spiritual world. It is then that we penetrate into the true realities. That we do indeed penetrate into these realities will be clear when we describe the details of occult reading and hearing—as far as is possible—in the lecture tomorrow.

Erster Vortrag

Meine lieben Freunde! Erwarten Sie nicht, daß ich in diesen vier Vorträgen geradezu einen Ersatz geben kann für dasjenige, was in München beabsichtigt war. Ich werde versuchen, einiges von dem Inhalte, den die Münchner Vorträge hätten haben sollen, hier zu skizzieren. Gerade das Wichtigste und Wesentlichste, das in München hätte gesagt werden sollen, muß aufgespart werden, bis wir wieder weniger sturmbewegte Zeiten haben. Ich kann zwar erstaunt sein darüber, daß da oder dort geglaubt werden konnte, daß die ernste Kraft, die anzuwenden ist, um gerade ein Wichtigstes auf dem Gebiete der Geisteswissenschaft zu sagen - was ja in München hätte geschehen sollen -, auch aufgebracht werden könnte in solchen Zeiten, wie die sind, in denen wir jetzt leben. Nun, man wird schon auch einmal in der Menschheit die Zeit erleben, in der man einsehen wird, daß solches eben nicht möglich ist, daß gewissermaßen höchste Wahrheiten nicht in den Sturm hinein gesagt werden können.

Über das, was mein Thema ausmacht, werde ich in künftigen Zeiten, wenn Karma es zuläßt, eben einmal einen Vortragszyklus halten, der den Münchner ersetzen soll. Aber da von einigen Seiten der Wunsch geäußert worden ist, doch etwas über dieses Thema zu hören, wollte ich diesem Wunsch, soweit es möglich ist, in diesen Tagen entgegenkommen.

Das, was Geisteswissenschaft als ein wirkliches echtes Gut enthält, ist im Grunde genommen durch okkultes Lesen und okkultes Hören gewonnen worden. Und man hört also etwas über die Methoden, durch welche der Geistesforscher zu seinen Ergebnissen kommt, wenn er über das Wesen des okkulten Lesens und des okkulten Hörens spricht. Über die Art und Weise, wie geisteswissenschaftliche Resultate gewonnen werden, herrscht wahrhaftig in unserer Zeit noch das Absurdeste an Meinungen, das man sich denken kann. Ich will einleitungsweise, bevor ich zu meinem wichtigen Gegenstand übergehe, auf eine Kleinigkeit hinweisen, eine Kleinigkeit im Verhältnis zu dem, was unsere Geistesströmung sein will. Irgendein Professor, ein Forscher der Gegenwart hat eine Rezension geschrieben über mein Buch «Theosophie». Diese Rezension ist schon vor einigen Jahren erschienen, und der Verfasser dieser Rezension ist offenbar am meisten geärgert gewesen durch das, was in diesem Buche steht über die Aura des Menschen, über Gedankenformen und dergleichen. Unter mancherlei, das ich jetzt nicht erwähnen will, findet sich in dieser Rezension auch eines, das ganz verständlich ist vom Gesichtspunkt eines Forschers, eines so echten Denkers der Gegenwart. Da wird gesagt: Wenn man glauben sollte, daß wirklich an diesen Dingen von der Aura und von den Gedankenformen etwas daran ist, so müßten einmal einige von denen, welche Auren und Gedankenformen sehen können, ein Experiment mit sich anstellen lassen. Es müßte das Experiment angestellt werden können, daß eine Anzahl von denjenigen, die behaupten wollen, so etwas zu sehen, gegenübergestellt werden einer Anzahl von Menschen, die gewisse Gedanken, Gefühle und Empfindungen in ihrem Innern haben; und dann solle man die Seher fragen: Was seht ihr an den Menschen, die da vor euch stehen oder sitzen? - Und wenn dann - so meint der Verfasser der Rezension - diese okkultistischen Seher das aussagen, wovon die Menschen, die beobachtet worden sind, später versichern, daß sie das wirklich gedacht und gefühlt haben, und wenn außerdem die Seher untereinander in ihren Angaben übereinstimmen, dann kann man ihnen glauben.

Es gibt nichts Natürlicheres, nichts Selbstverständlicheres als diese Einwände. Man möchte sogar sagen, der die Naturwissenschaft der Gegenwart gewöhnte Denker muß ja diesen Einwand machen; denn es muß als das Allervernünftigste erscheinen, was er nur sagen kann. Aber eines gilt doch. Der betreffende Mann, der das gesagt hat, hat wohl doch, bevor er diese Rezension geschrieben hat, das Buch gelesen. Man muß es annehmen, nicht wahr? Da die Rezension den Eindruck der Ehrlichkeit macht, kann man es doch annehmen. Aber gelesen haben konnte er es nicht. Denn so selbstverständlich und natürlich es ist, daß der Einwand gemacht wird, solange man die in diesem Buch enthaltenen Wahrheiten nicht kennt, so selbstverständlich sollte es sein, daß man diese Einwände nicht mehr macht, wenn man das Buch mit Verständnis gelesen hat. Ich sage mit diesen Worten etwas für jeden normalen naturwissenschaftlichen Denker von heute Greuliches, selbstverständlich, weil es ihm ganz unverständlich sein muß, weil er es gar nicht verstehen kann. Unter den mancherlei Dingen, die in diesem Buche stehen, ist auch das Folgende: Da steht, daß vor allen Dingen der Seher, wenn er wirklich in die geistige Welt hineinschauen und die Wahrheit sehen will, genötigt ist, vorher eine solche Selbsterziehung zu üben, daß er gewissermaßen ganz selbstlos in die Dinge sich zu vertiefen vermag, daß} er die eigenen Wünsche, die eigenen Begierden zum Schweigen zu bringen vermag und so sich der geistigen Welt gegenüberstellt. Ja, meine lieben Freunde, wenn sich fünf oder sechs Leute zusammensetzen, um ein so nach naturwissenschaftlicher Methode geformtes Experiment zu machen, wie es da in der Rezension gefordert ist, so setzen sie sich mit dem Wunsche nieder, zu irgendeinem Resultate zu kommen, und zwar nach ganz bestimmten, von der Naturwissenschaft geforderten Methoden. Da wird alles so gemacht wie bei Wünschen und Begierden im gewöhnlichen Leben. Aber das ist ja gerade das, was man überwinden soll. Es ist ganz selbstverständlich, daß jede Wahrnehmung der geistigen Welt in dem Augenblick ausgelöscht würde, in dem man sich zu einem solchen Experiment zusammensetzt, wenn dieses Experiment ganz nach den gewöhnlichen Gedanken des physischen Planes gemacht wird. Diese Gedanken des physischen Planes mit all ihren Wünschen und Begierden müssen aber gerade überwunden werden.

Man kann auf solche Einwände nur in positiver Weise antworten: Gewiß, ein solches Experiment könnte arrangiert werden, aber es dürfte nicht arrangiert werden nach den Methoden des physischen Planes, sondern es müßte arrangiert werden nach den Methoden der geistigen Welt. Das heißt, wie müßte es zustande kommen? Vor allen Dingen müßten die Absichten in der geistigen Welt liegen und nicht dem Kopfe eines neugierigen Professors entspringen. Aus der geistigen Welt heraus müßte die Absicht entspringen, daß Menschen, die Seher sind auf dem physischen Plan, etwas erfahren von den Gedanken und Empfindungen anderer Menschen, und es müßte von der geistigen Welt heraus aus dem Karma wirklich ein Häuflein von Menschen zusammengeführt werden, nicht durch Methoden eines Professors, sondern tatsächlich durch Schicksalsfügung. Und auf der anderen Seite müßten auch die Seher durch karmische Schicksalsfügung zusammengeführt werden. Dann wäre das Experiment von der geistigen Welt arrangiert, und es könnte von den Sehern das enthüllt werden, was in den einzelnen Menschen an Gefühlen und so weiter lebt. Dann würde es unweigerlich gelingen; es gelingt immer, wenn es so arrangiert ist.

Ich möchte sagen, wenn man wirklich mit Verständnis das Buch «Theosophie» verfolgt, so weiß man das, was ich jetzt gesagt habe, und man kennt es als Selbstverständlichkeit und Wahrheit der geistigen Welt, daß [ein solches Experiment] unserer Zeit nicht möglich ist. Dem muß man ja Rechnung tragen. Und so habe ich nun - weil ich aus der eben angeführten Rezension ersehen habe, daß man nicht in der Lage ist, das Buch wirklich so zu lesen, daß man einen solchen Gedanken selber findet - in der sechsten Auflage, deren Korrekturbogen ich vorliegen habe, das, was ich eben gesagt habe, noch wortwörtlich in einer Anmerkung dazugefügt. Zu den wesentlichsten Bedingungen eines Buches, das aus der Geisteswissenschaft herausgewachsen ist, gehört es, daß man nicht nur den Inhalt eines solchen Buches aufnimmt, das ist das allerwenigste. Es gehört dazu, daß man, wenn man dieses Buch in sich aufgenommen hat, in einer gewissen Weise die Art, wie man denkt und fühlt und empfindet, geändert hat; daß man vorwärtsgekommen ist gegenüber den Maßstäben und Urteilsarten, die man sonst in der gewöhnlichen Welt anwendet. Das ist die Schwierigkeit, die dem Verständnis geisteswissenschaftlicher Werke heute noch entgegensteht, daß die Menschen sie lesen wie andere Schriften und glauben, den Inhalt aufnehmen zu können wie bei andern Schriften; während es in der Tat so ist, daß etwas in einem verwandelt sein muß, wenn man ein okkultes Buch, ein echtes okkultes Buch wirklich durchverstanden hat.

Daher ist es ganz begreiflich, daß gerade echte okkulte Bücher von den meisten Menschen in unserer Zeit abgelehnt werden. Denn, was muß vorgehen in einem Menschen, der solch ein Buch in der Gegenwart liest? Nun, er geht an das Buch heran; er ist selbstverständlich sehr gescheit, das sind ja alle Menschen der Gegenwart. Er weiß, daß er den Inhalt des Buches beurteilen kann, daß es keinen besseren Richter über das Buch geben kann. Das weiß er von vorneherein. Nun soll er nach dem Lesen des Buches anders urteilen können? Das kann er selbstverständlich nicht. Er ist ja gescheit und hat die beste Art des Urteilens. Er gibt sich damit nicht ab, etwas zu ändern in bezug auf sein Urteilen. Also er wird nichts von den Tendenzen, den Intentionen des Buches erfühlen, selbstverständlich. Bestenfalles kommt er dann zu dem Urteil, daß er überhaupt nichts aus dem Buche gelernt hat, und daß alles bloß ein Spiel mit Worten und Begriffen ist. Das ist ganz selbstverständlich; so muß es sein, wenn man nicht den Grundnerv aller Geisteswissenschaft ins Auge faßt, der darin besteht, daß man in irgend etwas, wenn es auch noch so gering ist, zu anderer Art des Empfindens und Urteilens gegenüber der Welt kommt durch das Lesen eines echten geisteswissenschaftlichen Buches.

Nun gibt es eines, was man berücksichtigen muß, wenn man überhaupt irgendeine Idee verbinden will mit den Worten «Okkultes Lesen, okkultes Hören». Man muß gewissermaßen Abschied nehmen vorerst von alldem, was die gewöhnliche Denkungsart, das gewöhnliche Urteilen ist in bezug auf den physischen Plan. Das habe ich ja mehrfach betont: Selbstverständlich muß man ein vernünftiger Mensch bleiben, muß sich also, trotzdem man für die geistige Welt eine neue Form des Urteilens, Denkens und Empfindens sich aneignet, ein gesundes Urteil für die Ereignisse und Wesenheiten des physischen Planes beibehalten. Das ist ganz selbstverständlich, das habe ich schon oft betont. Aber etwas muß man sich aneignen, was für die höheren Welten notwendig ist, was für den physischen Plan nicht gilt. Ich will von einer Ihnen wohl noch geläufigen Sache ausgehen.

Auf dem physischen Plan sind wir gewohnt, durch unser Denken, Fühlen, Wollen in ein Verhältnis zu treten zu den Dingen und Wesenheiten des physischen Planes. Indem wir denken und vorstellen, verschaffen wir uns Begriffe und Vorstellungen von den Dingen und Wesenheiten des physischen Planes und den sich hier abspielenden Vorgängen. Gleichsam dasjenige, wovon wir die Meinung haben, daß es im Raume da ist und in der Zeit sich abspielt, das machen wir dadurch zu unserem geistigen Eigentum. Wir lernen durch unser Denken und Vorstellen von etwas zu wissen. Mit dem Fühlen ist es ebenso. Wir treten irgendeinem Dinge gegenüber, zum Beispiel einer Rose. Wir werden erfreut durch die Rose. Dadurch versetzen wir etwas aus der Außenwelt durch unser Gefühl in unsere eigene Seele. So machen wir etwas, was von außen, von der Rose ausgeht und auf uns wirkt, zu unserem inneren seelischen Eigentum. Beim Wollen ist es so, daß wir etwas, was in unserer Intention liegt, der Außenwelt einverleiben.

Lauter Verhältnisse zwischen uns und der Außenwelt haben wir ins Auge zu fassen, wenn wir unser Verhalten auf dem physischen Plan betrachten. Alles, was wir da anwenden im Denken, Fühlen und Wollen, was wir da tun, indem wir für das gewöhnliche Physisch-Leibliche mit der Außenwelt in Beziehung treten, all das dient uns ganz und gar nicht - in der Form, wie es auf dem physischen Plan praktiziert wird -, um irgendwie etwas von der höheren Welt zu wissen. Sondern alles das, was uns zum Beispiel dient, um von der physischen Welt etwas zu wissen, was wir anwenden an Empfindungsarten, an Vorstellungsarten, um von der physischen Welt zu wissen, all das kann für die geisteswissenschaftliche Forschung nur zur Vorbereitung dienen.

Also wohlgemerkt: in der physischen Welt dient uns das, was wir tun im Denken, Fühlen und Wollen dazu, direkt etwas zu wissen von der physischen Welt, oder etwas zu tun für die physische Welt; für die höheren Welten dient uns alles, was uns so direkt für die physische Welt dient, nur zur Vorbereitung. Was wir in bezug auf die physische Welt denken können, und wenn wir noch so scharfsinnig denken, gibt uns kein Wissen für die höheren Welten. Es wird nur gleichsam unsere Seele selbst durch das Denken so vorbereitet, so erzogen, daß sie sich allmählich fähig macht, in der richtigen Weise in die geistige Welt einzudringen. Was wir wollen und fühlen können für die physische Welt, ist bloß anwendbar zur Selbsterziehung der Seele, als Vorbereitung für das Eindringen der Seele in die geistigen Welten. Also ich möchte sagen, um mich deutlich auszudrücken: Ein gelehrter Forscher erfährt durch seine wissenschaftliche Methode etwas für die äußere Welt, und er ist gewöhnt, wenn er es erforscht hat, zu sagen: Ich weiß dieses und jenes von der äußeren Welt. - Diese Art des Forschens, des Denkens hilft ihm aber gar nichts, um in die geistige Welt hineinzukommen; sondern wie er da denkt und forscht, das hat nur eine Bedeutung als Übung der Seelenkräfte. Wie die Seele durch Denken und Forschen mehr befähigt wird, in sich zu leben, ihre Kraft in Betätigung zu bringen, nur das ist effektiv für das Eindringen in die höheren Welten. Nur als Kultur der eigenen Seele sind für den Geistesforscher die Tätigkeiten anwendbar, die man sonst in der physischen Welt normalerweise ausführt.

Ich will noch einen Vergleich wählen, um die Sache deutlicher zu machen. Nehmen wir an, jemand sei ein Zimmermann, er habe Zimmern gelernt und habe nun die Absicht, als Zimmermann dieses oder jenes Gerät zu machen. Durch diese Verrichtungen als Zimmermann macht er nun immerfort diese und jene Geräte, Jahre hindurch; das ist das Wesen der Aufgabe des Zimmermanns. Aber es werden nicht nur Geräte gemacht, die für den physischen Plan nützlich sind, es tritt noch etwas anderes als Beigabe ein: Er wird geschickter, seine Handhabung wird gelenkiger, er erwirbt sich etwas für seinen eigenen Organismus, indem er tüchtiger, gelenkiger wird. Das ist gleichsam ein Nebenerfolg. So ist es auch bei geistigen Tätigkeiten. Nehmen wir zum Beispiel einen Botaniker. Wenn ich mich als Botaniker betätige und wunderbare Anstrengungen auf dem Gebiete der Botanik Jahrzehnte hindurch mache, so ist das für den physischen Plan schön. Aber es ist noch ein Nebeneffekt dabei: ich werde gelenkiger im Denken; das Denken wird gleichsam «dressiert». Auf diese «Dressum - nehmen Sie den Ausdruck nicht im gewöhnlichen, trivialen Sinne des Wortes - muß der Geistesforscher eingehen. Er muß das, was man im gewöhnlichen Leben im Dienste des äußeren Wissens verwendet, dazu verwenden, seine Geisteskräfte gelenkiger, gefügiger zu machen. Denn wenn man diese Kräfte, anstatt sie zum Nutzen und Vorteil in der physischen Welt zu verwenden, in den Dienst der Selbsterziehung stellt, wie dies in der Meditation und in der Konzentration und in den Übungen, die man bekommt, geschieht, dann bereitet man sich vor, in die geistige Welt einzudringen. Und nehmen Sie dieses Wort, das ich sage: man bereitet sich vor - als etwas außerordentlich Wichtiges. Denn im Grunde genommen kann man überhaupt nichts anderes tun, als sich vorbereiten, um in die geistige Welt einzudringen; das übrige ist Sache der geistigen Welt, die muß uns dann entgegenkommen. Sie kommt uns aber nicht entgegen, wenn wir nur so sind, wie wir als Menschen auf dem physischen Plan gewöhnlich sind. Nur wenn wir in der geschilderten Weise unsere Seelenkräfte umgewandelt haben, können wir hoffen, daß uns die geistige Welt entgegenkommit. Es kann nicht so sein wie bei einer Forschung in der physischen Welt, wo man so ohne weiteres an die Dinge herangeht. Man kann sich nur vorbereiten, damit, wenn die Dinge der geistigen Welt an einen herantreten, sie uns dann nicht entgehen, sondern daß sie wirklich auf uns einen Eindruck machen. | |

Deshalb muß man sagen: Alles, was wir tun können für die Erforschung der geistigen Welt, ist, daß wir uns in würdiger Weise vorbereiten, damit dann, wenn Karma will, daß die geistige Welt uns entgegentrete, wir nicht blind und taub sind für diese geistige Welt. Denn wir können uns vorbereiten. Aber das Entgegentreten der geistigen Welt ist ein Akt der Gnade der geistigen Welt. So muß man es auffassen. Daher kann man auf die Frage: Wie gelingt es einem, in die geistige Welt einzudringen? - antworten: Man bereite sich vor durch alles, was unser Denken und Fühlen gefügiger, gelenkiger macht, was unser Denken gleichsam dressiert, was unser Fühlen, unser Empfinden feiner, hingebungsvoller macht. Und dann warten, warten, warten! Das ist das goldene Wort: in Seelenruhe warten können. Die geistige Welt läßt sich auf eine andere Weise nicht erobern, als indem man sich dafür würdig macht und dann in Seelenruhe die erwartungsvolle Stimmung entwickeln kann. Daraufkommt es an. Erwartungsvolle Stimmung, das ist das Wesentliche. Wir erwerben sie uns dadurch, daß wir uns in der geschilderten Weise und in meinen Büchern ist es vielfach dargestellt, wie das im einzelnen geschieht - bereit machen, die geistige Welt zu empfangen. Aber dann müssen wir uns auch aneignen jene absolute Ruhe der Seele, die einzig und allein möglich macht, daß die geistige Welt an uns herankommt.

Ich habe einmal in Vorträgen das folgende Bild gebraucht: In der physischen Welt ist die Sache so, daß, wenn man irgendein Ding ins Auge fassen will, man zu diesem Ding hingeht. Wer Rom sehen will, muß nach Rom fahren. Das ist in der physischen Welt ganz natürlich, denn Rom kommt nicht zu ihm. In der geistigen Welt ist es gerade umgekehrt. In der geistigen Welt können wir nichts anderes machen, als uns vorbereiten durch die Methoden, die geschildert werden, um die geistige Welt würdig zu empfangen: Seelenruhe, Verharren auf unserem Standort - dann kommt es zu uns heran. Wir müssen es erwarten in Seelenruhe. Das ist das Bedeutsame der Sache. Wo ist nun das, was da an uns herankommt, wo ist es? Auch darüber habe ich schon oftmals gesprochen und will es nur einleitungsweise erwähnen, damit wir für die nächsten Tage eine gute Grundlage haben, auf der wir aufbauen können.

Da Sie ja alle unsere anthroposophische Literatur kennen, möchte ich die Frage so stellen: Wo sind die Wesenheiten der elementarischen Welt, wo sind die Wesenheiten der geistigen Welt, wo sind die Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien? Sie sind da, wo wir sind. Sie sind überall um uns herum; nirgends anders sind sie, als hier, wo der Tisch, die Stühle sind, wo Sie selbst sind. Sie sind überall um uns herum, aber sie sind in bezug auf die Verhältnisse und Vorgänge der Dinge der Außenwelt so dünn und so flüchtig, daß man sagen kann, sie entgehen eben der Aufmerksamkeit der Menschen. Die Menschen gehen immerfort durch die geistige Welt hindurch und sehen sie nicht, weil sie notwendigerweise durch ihre Organisation, die noch unvorbereitet ist für die geistige Welt, eben unaufmerksam sind dafür. Und wenn sie Gelegenheit hätten, in die geistige Welt einzudringen, wie das zur Nacht im Schlafe der Fall ist, dann erweist sich das Bewußtsein als zu schwach, zu dumpf, um die geistigen Wesenheiten wahrzunehmen, die um uns herum sind. Der Mensch ist vom Einschlafen bis zum Aufwachen in der geistigen Welt, in dieser feinen fluktuierenden Welt, aber er nimmt sie nicht wahr, weil sein Bewußtsein zu dumpf ist, um sie wahrzunehmen.

Was muß nun geschehen, damit der Mensch diese Welt, in der er eigentlich immer darinnen ist, wahrnehmen lernt? Ja, da müssen wir einige wichtige Punkte besprechen, um zu verstehen, was da geschehen soll. Da müssen wir vor allen Dingen etwas ins Auge fassen, das ich jetzt versucht habe, präziser auch für die Außenwelt darzustellen im Schlußkapitel des zweiten Bandes meines Buches «Die Rätsel der Philosophie». Ich will sehen, ob es Menschen verstehen können, die nicht in der anthroposophischen Strömung darinnenstehen.

Wir müssen dabei die Frage ins Auge fassen: Wie kommt eigentlich die äußere Wahrnehmung zustande? Nun, nicht wahr, da denken die Menschen gewöhnlich - besonders Menschen, die sich sehr gescheit dünken -, daß die äußere Wahrnehmung dadurch zustande kommt, daß die Dinge draußen sind, der Mensch in seiner Haut steckt, daß die äußeren Dinge einen Eindruck auf ihn machen, und daß dadurch sein Gehirn ein Bild der äußeren Objekte und Formen in seinem Innern erzeugt. Nun, es ist ganz und gar nicht so, sondern es verhält sich ganz anders. In Wahrheit ist der Mensch gar nicht drinnen innerhalb seiner Haut [mit seinem Geistig-Seelischen]; das ist er gar nicht. Wenn der Mensch zum Beispiel dieses Rosen-Bukettchen sieht, so ist er mit seinem Ich und Astralleib in der Tat da drinnen in dem Bukettchen, und sein Organismus ist ein Spiegelungsapparat und spiegelt ihm die Dinge zurück. Sie sind in Wahrheit immer ausgebreitet über den Horizont, den Sie überschauen. Und im Wachbewußtsein stecken Sie eben mit einem wesentlichen Teil Ihres Ich und Astralleibes auch im physischen und ätherischen Leibe drinnen. Der Vorgang ist nun wirklich so - ich habe das oft in Vorträgen erwähnt -: Denken Sie sich, sie gingen in einem Zimmer herum, in dem eine Anzahl von Spiegeln an den Wänden angebracht wären. Sie können durch den Raum gehen. Wo Sie keinen Spiegel haben, sehen Sie sich selber nicht. Sobald Sie aber an einen Spiegel kommen, sehen Sie sich. Kommt eine Stelle ohne Spiegel, sehen Sie sich nicht, und wenn wieder ein Spiegel da ist, sehen Sie sich wieder. So ist es auch mit dem menschlichen Organismus. Er ist nicht der Erzeuger der Dinge, die wir in der Seele erleben, er ist nur der Spiegelungsapparat. Die Seele ist beisammen mit den Dingen da draußen, zum Beispiel hier mit diesem Rosen-Bukettchen. Daß die Seele das Bukettchen bewußt sieht, hängt davon ab, daß das Auge in Verbindung mit dem Gehirnapparat der Seele das zurückspiegelt, womit die Seele zusammenlebt. Und in der Nacht nimmt der Mensch nicht wahr, weil er, wenn er schläft, Ich und Astralleib aus seinem physischen und ätherischen Leib herauszieht, und diese dadurch aufhören, ein Spiegelungsapparat zu sein. Das Einschlafen ist so, als ob Sie einen Spiegel, den Sie vor sich hatten, wegnehmen. Solange Sie in den Spiegel hineinsehen können, haben Sie Ihr eigenes Antlitz vor sich; nehmen Sie den Spiegel weg, flugs ist nichts mehr da von Ihrem Antlitz.

So ist der Mensch in der Tat mit dem seelisch-geistigen Wesen in dem Teil der Welt, den er überschaut, und er sieht ihn dadurch bewußt, daß ihn sein Organismus spiegelt. Und in der Nacht wird dieser Spiegelungsapparat weggezogen, da sieht er nichts mehr. Der Teil der Welt, den wir sehen, der sind wir selbst.

Das ist eines der schlimmsten Stücke der Maja, daß der Mensch glaubt, er stecke mit seinem Geistig-Seelischen in seiner Haut. Das tut er nicht. In Wirklichkeit steckt er in den Dingen, die er sieht. Wenn ich einem Menschen gegenüberstehe, so stecke ich in ihm drinnen mit meinem Ich und Astralleib. Würde ich nicht meinen Organismus ihm entgegenhalten, so würde ich ihn nicht sehen. Daß ich ihn sehe, daran ist mein Organismus schuld, aber mit meinem Ich und Astralleib stecke ich in ihm drinnen. Daß man das nicht so ansieht, das gehört eben zu den, ich möchte sagen, verhängnisvollsten Dingen der Maja.

So verschaffen wir uns eine Art Begriff, wie das Wahrnehmen und das Erleben auf dem physischen Plan ist. Betrachten wir nun die geistige Welt, von der ich gesagt habe, daß sie so flüchtig, so leicht fluktuierend und leicht beweglich ist gegenüber den Vorgängen und Dingen der physischen Welt. Da leben wir auch drinnen, aber wir erleben sie nicht so wie die groben Dinge der physischen Welt, weil sie zu fein sind. Wenn man dieses fluktuierende Feine erleben will, so kann das zunächst nur dadurch geschehen, daß man das, was unser gewöhnliches Ich ist, was der Träger unserer Individualität, unserer Egoität ist, herabstimmt, richtig herabstimmt. In einer richtigen Meditation tun wir das. Worin besteht diese Meditation? Wir nehmen uns irgendeinen Vorstellungsinhalt und überlassen uns ganz diesem Vorstellungsinhalt. Wir vergessen uns selber und leben in diesem Vorstellungsinhalt, indem wir die Egoität des gewöhnlichen Tagesbewußtseins unterdrücken. Wir schalten alles aus, was mit der Egoität des Tagesbewußtseins zusammenhängt. Und da wir als Erdenmenschen nur gewöhnt sind, für den physischen Plan die Egoität anzuwenden, haben wir zunächst [in der Meditation] überhaupt die Egoität unterdrückt. Statt daß wir [mit der Egoität] im physischen und Ätherleib leben, gelingt es uns allmählich, daß wir durch Unterdrücken der Egoität nur im Astralleib leben.

Merken Sie wohl: das ist es, worauf es ankommt. Wenn wir meditieren, uns konzentrieren, haben wir immer zunächst das Ziel, das Bestreben, nicht in der Egoität zu leben - die darf dann nicht physische Erfahrungen vermitteln -, sondern wir haben das Bestreben, sie herunterzudrücken in den Astralleib. Wenn sie im Astralleib ist, spiegelt sie sich zunächst nicht im physischen Leib. Wenn Sie das Bukettchen sehen, sind Sie in Wahrheit in dem Bukettchen drinnen. Der physische Leib ist ein Spiegelapparat, und Sie sehen das Bukettchen, weil der physische Leib es Ihnen spiegelt. Wenn Sie das Ich mit der Egoität unterdrücken, dann werden Sie im Astralleib drinnen sein. Und der ist jetzt so fein, daß Sie die feinen fluktuierenden Dinge da draußen bewußt wahrnehmen können, aber dazu müssen sie nun auch erst gespiegelt werden, wenn Sie sie wirklich wahrnehmen sollen. Hier ist etwas, was Sie recht gut ins Auge fassen müssen. Es sind viele unter Ihnen, die sich treulich und wahrhaftig der Meditatiion hingeben. Dadurch erreichen Sie, daß die gewöhnliche Egoität unterdrückt wird, daß das Erleben im Astralleib eintritt. Aber es muß erst die Spiegelung dazukommen, damit Sie bewußt im Astralleib wahrnehmen. Unter Ihnen ist wahrhaftig eine ganze Schar, die durchaus durch die Meditation schon so weit ist, daß sie im Astralleib erlebt. Nun aber kommt es auf die Spiegelung an. Und geradeso wie man im gewöhnlichen Leben durch den physischen Leib das, was man erlebt, gespiegelt erhält, so muß man, wenn man in der geistigen Welt bewußt wahrnehmen will, durch den Ätherleib die Erlebnisse des astralischen Leibes zunächst gespiegelt erhalten.

Aber was geschieht dann, wenn wirklich bei einem Menschen das eintritt, daß ihm seine Erlebnisse im Astralleib gespiegelt werden durch den Ätherleib? Da geschieht etwas, von dem man vor allen Dingen wissen muß, daß es ganz, ganz anders ist als das Sehen in der physischen Welt. Ich möchte sagen: so bequem, wie man es in der physischen Welt hat, hat man es in der geistigen Welt nicht. Ein Bukettchen, das hier vor mir steht, ist ein in sich abgeschlossener Gegenstand; ich kann meine Freude daran haben, ich kann es mit nach Hause nehmen, es dort in eine Vase stellen und so weiter. So ist es aber ganz und gar nicht mit dem, was man als astrale Erlebnisse, gespiegelt durch den Ätherleib vor sich hat. Da lebt und webt alles. Nichts von dem, was da ist, ist auch nur einen Augenblick ruhig. Aber so, wie es da unmittelbar gespiegelt auftritt, ist es gar nicht das, worauf es ankommt, wirklich nicht. Bei diesem Bukettchen kommt es auf das an, was es ist. Ich nehme das Bukettchen und habe es dann. Wenn ich etwas gespiegelt habe durch den Ätherleib, kann ich es nicht so einfach nehmen, wie es da ist und damit zufrieden sein. Verstehen Sie mich wohl, meine lieben Freunde, es ist gar nicht das, wonach es ausschaut.

Auch für diese Tatsache habe ich einen Vergleich schon öfter gebraucht: Wenn hier etwas stünde, einige Striche (es werden die Buchstaben BA U an die Tafel geschrieben), so würde ich sagen, wenn ich nicht lesen könnte: Da sehe ich Striche, so und so und so, die zu einer eigentümlichen Figur zusammengefügt sind. - Ich kann das, was da so an der Tafel steht, nicht wie das Bukettchen mit nach Hause nehmen; da hätte ich nichts. Und selbst wenn ich das, was da an der Tafel steht - «B A U» - lesen kann, so habe ich doch noch nicht das, worauf es ankommt. Das, worauf es mir ankommt, ist der Bau da draußen. Den drücke ich aus durch diese Striche und Zeichen «B A U». Auch wenn ich die Zeichen lese, habe ich nicht das, worauf es ankommt. In diesen Zeichen lese ich es nur, ich habe nicht den Bau selber. Beim gewöhnlichen Lesen habe ich nicht das vor mir, worauf es ankommt, sondern ich habe nur das Zeichen dafür.

So verstehe ich auch das, was ich zunächst bekomme, wenn ich im Astralleib erlebe und das gespiegelt bekomme im Ätherleibe, nur dann richtig, wenn ich es als ein Zeichen auffasse, und wenn ich lerne, daß das Zeichen für etwas anderes steht. Es genügt also nicht, wenn ich das, was von meinem Astralleib in meinem Ätherleib gespiegelt wird, anschaue, ebensowenig wie es auf die Striche ankommt, wenn hier «BAU» steht. Auf das, was diese Zeichen bedeuten, kommt es an. Ich muß erst lernen, sie zu lesen.

Und ebenso muß ich zuerst lernen, das zu lesen, was ich wahrnehme in der geistigen Welt. Was in meinem Ätherleib gespiegelt wird, das sind erst die Zeichen für die Wahrheit. Das heißt, ich muß lernen, in der geistigen Welt zu lesen. Nur dadurch können wir etwas aus der geistigen Welt erfahren, daß wir das, was sie uns darbietet, zunächst als Buchstaben und Worte zu nehmen verstehen, die wir lesen lernen müssen. Das ist es. Und lernen wir das nicht, glauben wir, daß wir uns das okkulte Lesenlernen ersparen können, dann machen wir etwas geradeso Gescheites, wie wenn jemand ein Buch nimmt und sagt: Da gibt es Narren, die sagen, daß in diesem Buche etwas ausgedrückt sei; ich blättere in dem Buch von Seite zu Seite und sehe nur so hübsche Buchstaben darin. - Wer die Buchstaben nicht lesen kann, der nimmt nur das auf, was er sieht und kümmert sich nicht um das, was darin ausgedrückt ist.

Wenn man das, was ich eben gesagt habe, nicht berücksichtigt, so kommt man in ein ganz schiefes Verhältnis zur geistigen Welt. Darauf kommt es an, daß man das, was man wahrnimmt, deuten und lesen lernt. Wir werden in den nächsten Stunden schon sehen, wie dieses Deuten und Lesen gemeint ist.

Nun können wir also sagen, wir haben uns wenigstens einleitungsweise verständigt über den Vorbegriff: Was ist okkultes Lesen? Es kommt zustande, wenn der Mensch sich im Astralleib erlebt, wie er sonst im Ich erlebt in der physischen Welt, und wenn ihm nun nicht die Erlebnisse des Ich im physischen Leibe gespiegelt werden, sondern die Erlebnisse des Astralleibes im Ätherleibe.

Nun aber müssen wir da noch etwas anderes bedenken: Wir sind ja nicht nur, wie ich auch heute gesagt habe, da draußen in den Dingen, wir stecken nicht nur mit Ich und Astralleib in den Dingen darin, sondern wir schicken im Wachzustande auch etwas vom Ich in den physischen Leib hinein. Wir ziehen es nur in der Nacht, im Schlaf, aus dem physischen Leib wieder heraus. Das heißt, wir müssen für das Wahrnehmen der physischen Welt imstande sein, mit dem Ich unterzutauchen in unseren physischen Leib. Für das Wahrnehmen der geistigen Welt, für das Lesen der geistigen Welt, da erfahren wir zunächst, daß wir in unserem Astralleib erleben können, und daß wir gespiegelt erhalten können die Dinge, die wir im Astralleibe erleben, im ätherischen Leib.

Nun müssen wir aber auch dazu aufsteigen, in den Ätherleib so untertauchen zu können, wie wir beim Aufwachen in den physischen Leib untertauchen. Merken Sie sich das Folgende wohl: Es ist notwendig, mit dem Astralleib unterzutauchen in den Ätherleib, wenn wir lesen lernen in der geistigen Welt. Wie wir beim Aufwachen in den physischen Leib untertauchen, so müssen wir, ohne in den physischen Leib unterzutauchen, in den Ätherleib untertauchen. Die Okkultisten nennen dieses Untertauchen in den Ätherleib mit Recht ein Hinabstürzen in den Abgrund. Notwendig ist, daß man sich bei diesem Absturz in den Abgrund nicht betäubt, daß man mit dem Bewußtsein hinabdringt, und daß man sich wiederfindet im Absturz. Denn dieses Untertauchen in den Ätherleib geht nicht so bequem vor sich, wie das Untertauchen in den physischen Leib beim Aufwachen. Es ist in der Tat etwas wie ein gewaltiger Sturz in den Abgrund. Denn man wird jetzt in drei Teile gespalten, wie ich es beschrieben habe in meinem Buche «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?» Man wird zersplittert, gespalten, aufgelöst in ein Dreifaches. Man kann nicht bewußt in seinen Ätherleib hinuntersteigen, ohne sich zu vervielfachen in der angegebenen Weise.

Wenn der Mensch schläft, so ist er mit Ich und Astralleib außerhalb des physischen und ätherischen Leibes, und sein Bewußtsein ist zu dumpf, um die geistige Welt wahrzunehmen. Wenn er nun untertaucht in den physischen Leib, spiegelt ihm dieser die physische Welt, so daß er sie wahrnimmt. Das ist auch eine Art Hinabstürzen in den Abgrund, nur ist es uns so bequem gemacht, daß wir es nicht als Erschütterung empfinden. Wenn wir aufsteigen durch unsere Übungen in den Zustand, in dem wir etwas wahrnehmen können in der geistigen Welt, lernen wir «lesen». Das ist zu vergleichen mit einem bewußt gewordenen Schlafzustand. Wir lernen aber auch kennen das Hinabstürzen in den Abgrund, das Zersplittertwerden in drei Teile, wenn wir untergetaucht sind in unseren Ätherleib. Wenn wir da mit unserem Bewußtsein hinuntertauchen, sind wir imstande, bewußt auch in die Dinge und Vorgänge der geistigen Welt unterzutauchen, die außer uns sind.

So lange wir im Astralleib leben und die Dinge im Ätherleib gespiegelt erhalten, lernen wir lesen, wie wenn wir in einem Buche lesen. Sobald wir untergetaucht sind in den Ätherleib, zersplittern wir uns in drei Teile. Und die drei Teile können wir hinaussenden; sie wandeln dann bewußt in der geistigen Welt herum. Und die drei, die da herumwandeln, erfahren in diesem Herumwandeln dasjenige, was wir «okkultes Hören» nennen, Es beginnt das okkulte Hören, sobald wir bewußt hineingestürzt sind in unseren eigenen Ätherleib. Jetzt tauchen wir wirklich unter in die Dinge. Jetzt merken wir, daß dasjenige, was wir vorher gelernt haben zu lesen, von uns erlebt werden kann.

Also wiederholen wir es: Der Mensch wird durch seine okkulten Übungen in die Lage versetzt, seine Egoität so weit zu unterdrücken, daß er bewußt in seinem Astralleib leben lernt. Dann werden ihm nach und nach die Vorgänge und Wesenheiten der geistigen Welt vom Ätherleib gespiegelt. Wenn er diese gespiegelte Welt in der richtigen Weise, wie wir in den nächsten Stunden hören werden, zu deuten vermag, so hat er die Kunst des okkulten Lesens gelernt. Wenn er weiterkommt und nicht nur von «außerhalb» im Ätherleibe zu lesen vermag, sondern untertauchend gleichsam aufzuwachen im Ätherleib, dann schickt er die Drei, die aus ihm geworden sind, hinaus in die Welt und hört die Vorgänge in ihrem inneren Weben und Wesen. Dann hört er sie.

Dadurch gelangt man aber allmählich dahin, das okkulte Lesen und das okkulte Hören so zu haben, daß man damit etwas ganz Bestimmtes verbindet. Man gelangt dadurch aber auch wirklich in die Realität der Dinge hinein. Denn das, was auf dem physischen Plan vor sich geht, ist nicht die Realität, wirklich nicht. Eine einfache Überlegung kann uns an allen Ecken und Enden der Welt zeigen, wie dasjenige, was wir in unserem Umkreis erleben, nicht die Realität ist; wie wir alles im Grunde genommen falsch deuten.

Einmal sagte mir jemand an den Ufern des Rheines: Das ist der alte Rhein. - Das ist gewiß ein sehr schöner, tief empfundener Ausspruch. Aber was ist denn eigentlich alt an dem Rhein? Das Wasser, das man fließen sieht? Gewiß nicht; es fließt fortwährend und ist im nächsten Augenblick schon nicht mehr da. Das Alte könnte höchstens das Loch sein, das durch das Wasser in der Erde ausgewühlt ist. Das meint man aber auch nicht, wenn man sagt «der alte Rhein». Was also ist es eigentlich, was man mit dem Wort «alter Rhein» bezeichnet? Man sagt ja auch nicht vom Meer, es sei ein «altes Meer», und im Meer sind auch Löcher, die vom Wasser ausgewühlt sind, und im Meer sind auch Strömungen. Wenn im Meer der Golfstrom dahinfließt, so ist da jeden Augenblick nicht nur das Wasser ein anderes, sondern auch die Löcher sind anders.

Was ist denn überhaupt bleibend im Physischen? Nichts, gar nichts. So ist es mit der ganzen physischen Welt. Ihr eigener Organismus ist fortwährend im Fluß; was Sie heute in sich haben als Fleisch und Blut, das hatten Sie vor acht Jahren noch nicht. Nichts Reales ist bleibend im Physischen, alles ist fließend, und das, wofür wir das Wort gebrauchen, haben wir gar nicht richtig im Auge.

Es hat nur einen Sinn, vom «alten Rhein» zu sprechen, wenn wir das Bleibende, das sind die Elementarwesen, die wirklich in dem Rhein leben, wenn wir den alten Flußgott «Rhein», das heißt ein geistiges Wesen, meinen. Nur dann haben wir überhaupt etwas Sinnvolles gemeint. Wir müssen mit dem Wort vom «alten Rhein» etwas Geistiges meinen, oder wir reden gedankenlos. So sehr, meine lieben Freunde, ist es wahr, daß wir nur in die wirklichen Realitäten hineinkommen, wenn wir uns an die geistigen Welten halten. Nur dann kommen wir in die wirklichen Realitäten hinein. Daß und wie wir da hineinkommen, werden wir sehen, wenn wir das okkulte Lesen und Hören dann morgen und übermorgen in den Einzelheiten, soweit es geht, besprechen werden.

First Lecture

My dear friends! Do not expect that in these four lectures I can provide a substitute for what was intended in Munich. I will try to outline some of the content that the Munich lectures should have had. The most important and essential things that should have been said in Munich must be saved until we have less turbulent times. I may well be astonished that here and there people could believe that the serious energy required to say something so important in the field of spiritual science – which should have happened in Munich – could be mustered in times such as those in which we now live. Well, humanity will one day experience a time when it will realize that such a thing is not possible, that certain highest truths cannot be spoken in the midst of a storm.

In future times, if karma permits, I will give a series of lectures on my subject to replace the one in Munich. But since some people have expressed a desire to hear something on this subject, I wanted to accommodate this wish as far as possible during these days.

What spiritual science contains as a real, genuine asset has basically been gained through occult reading and occult hearing. And so one hears something about the methods by which the spiritual researcher arrives at his results when he speaks about the nature of occult reading and occult hearing. In our time, the most absurd opinions imaginable still prevail about the way in which spiritual scientific results are obtained. Before I move on to my important subject, I would like to point out a small detail, a small detail in relation to what our spiritual movement aims to be. A certain professor, a contemporary researcher, has written a review of my book Theosophy. This review appeared several years ago, and the author of this review was apparently most annoyed by what is written in this book about the human aura, thought forms, and the like. Among other things, which I do not wish to mention here, there is one thing in this review that is quite understandable from the point of view of a researcher, a genuine contemporary thinker. It says: If one were to believe that there is really something to these things about the aura and thought forms, then some of those who can see auras and thought forms would have to allow an experiment to be carried out on themselves. It should be possible to conduct an experiment in which a number of those who claim to see such things are placed opposite a number of people who have certain thoughts, feelings, and sensations within themselves; and then the seers should be asked: What do you see in the people standing or sitting in front of you? And if, according to the author of the review, these occult seers then say what the people who have been observed later affirm that they really thought and felt, and if, moreover, the seers agree with each other in their statements, then they can be believed.

There is nothing more natural, nothing more self-evident than these objections. One might even say that any thinker accustomed to contemporary science must raise this objection, for it must seem the most reasonable thing he can say. But one thing is certain. The man who said this must have read the book before writing his review. One must assume so, must one not? Since the review gives the impression of honesty, one can assume so. But he could not have read it. For as self-evident and natural as it is to raise this objection if one is unaware of the truths contained in this book, it should be equally self-evident that one would no longer raise these objections after reading the book with understanding. With these words, I am saying something terrible to every normal scientific thinker of today, terrible because it must be completely incomprehensible to them, because they cannot understand it at all. Among the many things that are written in this book is the following: It says that, above all, if the seer really wants to look into the spiritual world and see the truth, he is obliged to practice such self-education beforehand that he is able to immerse himself in things in a completely selfless manner, that he is able to silence his own desires and passions and thus face the spiritual world. Yes, my dear friends, when five or six people sit down together to conduct an experiment based on scientific methods, as demanded in the review, they sit down with the desire to arrive at some result, and indeed according to very specific methods demanded by science. Everything is done as it is with desires and cravings in ordinary life. But that is precisely what must be overcome. It is quite obvious that any perception of the spiritual world would be extinguished the moment one sits down to conduct such an experiment, if this experiment is carried out entirely according to the ordinary thinking of the physical plane. But it is precisely this thinking of the physical plane, with all its desires and cravings, that must be overcome.

One can only respond to such objections in a positive way: Certainly, such an experiment could be arranged, but it should not be arranged according to the methods of the physical plane; rather, it would have to be arranged according to the methods of the spiritual world. That is, how would it have to come about? Above all, the intentions would have to originate in the spiritual world and not spring from the mind of a curious professor. The intention would have to arise from the spiritual world that people who are seers on the physical plane should learn something about the thoughts and feelings of other people, and a small group of people would have to be brought together from the spiritual world through karma, not through the methods of a professor, but actually through the providence of fate. And on the other hand, the seers would also have to be brought together by karmic destiny. Then the experiment would be arranged by the spiritual world, and the seers could reveal what lives in the individual human beings in terms of feelings and so on. Then it would inevitably succeed; it always succeeds when it is arranged in this way.

I would like to say that if one really reads the book “Theosophy” with understanding, one knows what I have just said, and one knows it as a matter of course and as a truth of the spiritual world that [such an experiment] is not possible in our time. This must be taken into account. And so, because I saw from the review just quoted that people are not in a position to read the book in such a way as to find such a thought for themselves, I have added what I have just said word for word in a note in the sixth edition, the proof sheets of which I have before me. One of the most essential conditions of a book that has grown out of spiritual science is that one does not merely absorb the content of such a book; that is the least of it. It is essential that, once you have absorbed this book, you have changed in a certain way the way you think, feel, and perceive; that you have progressed beyond the standards and judgments you otherwise apply in the ordinary world. This is the difficulty that still stands in the way of understanding spiritual scientific works today: people read them like other writings and believe they can absorb the content as they would with other writings; whereas in fact, something must be transformed within you if you have truly understood an occult book, a genuine occult book.

It is therefore quite understandable that genuine occult books are rejected by most people in our time. For what must happen in a person who reads such a book today? Well, he approaches the book; he is, of course, very intelligent, as are all people of the present day. He knows that he can judge the content of the book, that there can be no better judge of the book than himself. He knows this from the outset. Now, after reading the book, should he be able to judge differently? Of course he cannot. He is intelligent and has the best kind of judgment. He does not allow himself to change his judgment. So he will not sense any of the tendencies or intentions of the book, of course. At best, he will come to the conclusion that he has learned nothing at all from the book and that it is all just a game with words and concepts. That is quite natural; it must be so if one does not grasp the fundamental principle of all spiritual science, which consists in the fact that, through reading a genuine spiritual science book, one arrives at a different way of feeling and judging the world, even if it is only in the smallest way.

Now there is one thing that must be taken into account if one wants to associate any idea at all with the words “occult reading, occult hearing.” One must, as it were, say goodbye for the time being to everything that is the ordinary way of thinking, the ordinary judgment in relation to the physical plane. I have emphasized this many times: Of course, one must remain a reasonable person and, even though one acquires a new form of judgment, thinking, and feeling for the spiritual world, one must maintain a healthy judgment of the events and beings of the physical plane. That is quite natural, as I have often emphasized. But one must acquire something that is necessary for the higher worlds, something that does not apply to the physical plane. I will start with something that is probably familiar to you. On the physical plane, we are accustomed to entering into a relationship with the things and beings of the physical plane through our thinking, feeling, and willing. By thinking and imagining, we form concepts and ideas about the things and beings of the physical plane and the processes taking place there. We make what we believe to be in space and happening in time our spiritual property. We learn about something through our thinking and imagining. It is the same with feeling. We encounter something, for example a rose. We are delighted by the rose. Through our feeling, we transfer something from the external world into our own soul. In this way, we make something that comes from outside, from the rose, and has an effect on us, our inner spiritual property. With willing, we incorporate something that is in our intention into the external world. When we consider our behavior on the physical plane, we have to take into account all the relationships between ourselves and the outside world. Everything we use in our thinking, feeling, and willing, everything we do in relating to the external world for the sake of the ordinary physical body, does not serve us at all—in the form in which it is practiced on the physical plane—in any way to know something of the higher world. Rather, everything that serves us, for example, to know something about the physical world, everything we use in terms of types of sensation and types of imagination to know about the physical world, can only serve as preparation for spiritual scientific research.

So, mind you: in the physical world, what we do in thinking, feeling, and willing serves us to know something directly about the physical world, or to do something for the physical world; for the higher worlds, everything that serves us so directly for the physical world serves only as preparation. What we can think about the physical world, no matter how astute our thinking may be, gives us no knowledge of the higher worlds. It merely prepares and educates our soul, as it were, so that it gradually becomes capable of entering the spiritual world in the right way. What we can want and feel for the physical world is only applicable to the self-education of the soul, as preparation for the soul's penetration into the spiritual worlds. So, to express myself clearly, I would like to say: A learned researcher learns something about the external world through his scientific method, and when he has researched it, he is accustomed to saying: I know this and that about the external world. But this kind of research, of thinking, does not help him at all to enter the spiritual world; rather, the way he thinks and researches there has only significance as an exercise of the soul's powers. Only what enables the soul, through thinking and research, to live more within itself and to bring its power into action is effective for entering the higher worlds. Only as a culture of one's own soul are the activities that are normally carried out in the physical world applicable to the spiritual researcher.

I will choose another comparison to make the matter clearer. Let us suppose that someone is a carpenter, has learned carpentry, and now intends to make this or that tool as a carpenter. Through these activities as a carpenter, he now makes this and that tool over and over again, year after year; that is the essence of the carpenter's task. But it is not only tools that are useful for the physical plane that are made; something else comes into play as well: he becomes more skilled, his handling becomes more agile, he acquires something for his own organism by becoming more efficient and agile. This is, as it were, a secondary gain. The same is true of intellectual activities. Take a botanist, for example. If I work as a botanist and make wonderful efforts in the field of botany for decades, this is wonderful for the physical plane. But there is also a secondary effect: I become more agile in my thinking; my thinking becomes, as it were, “trained.” The spiritual researcher must enter into this “training” — do not take the term in the ordinary, trivial sense of the word. He must use what is employed in ordinary life in the service of external knowledge to make his mental powers more flexible and more pliable. For if, instead of using these powers for the benefit and advantage of the physical world, one places them at the service of self-education, as happens in meditation and concentration and in the exercises one receives, then one prepares oneself to enter the spiritual world. And take this word I use: one prepares oneself — as something extremely important. For basically, there is nothing else we can do but prepare ourselves to enter the spiritual world; the rest is up to the spiritual world, which must then come to meet us. But it will not come to meet us if we are just as we usually are as human beings on the physical plane. Only when we have transformed our soul forces in the manner described can we hope that the spiritual world will come to meet us. It cannot be like research in the physical world, where one approaches things without further ado. One can only prepare oneself so that when the things of the spiritual world approach us, they do not escape us, but really make an impression on us.

Therefore, we must say: All we can do to explore the spiritual world is to prepare ourselves in a worthy manner so that when karma wills the spiritual world to come toward us, we are not blind and deaf to this spiritual world. For we can prepare ourselves. But the spiritual world's encounter with us is an act of grace on its part. That is how we must understand it. Therefore, to the question: How does one succeed in entering the spiritual world? — one can answer: Prepare yourself through everything that makes your thinking and feeling more pliable, more flexible, that trains your thinking, as it were, that makes your feeling, your perception, more refined, more devoted. And then wait, wait, wait! That is the golden word: to be able to wait in peace of mind. The spiritual world cannot be conquered in any other way than by making oneself worthy of it and then developing an expectant mood in peace of mind. That is what matters. An expectant mood is the essential thing. We acquire it by preparing ourselves to receive the spiritual world in the manner described above, and in my books it is explained in detail how this happens. But then we must also acquire that absolute peace of mind which alone makes it possible for the spiritual world to approach us.

I once used the following image in a lecture: In the physical world, when you want to look at something, you go to that thing. If you want to see Rome, you have to go to Rome. This is quite natural in the physical world, because Rome does not come to you. In the spiritual world, it is exactly the opposite. In the spiritual world, we can do nothing else but prepare ourselves through the methods described in order to receive the spiritual world worthily: peace of mind, remaining where we are—then it comes to us. We must wait for it in peace of mind. That is the important thing. Where is this thing that comes to us, where is it? I have spoken about this many times before and will only mention it here by way of introduction, so that we have a good foundation on which to build over the next few days.

Since you are all familiar with our anthroposophical literature, I would like to put the question this way: Where are the beings of the elemental world, where are the beings of the spiritual world, where are the beings of the higher hierarchies? They are where we are. They are all around us; they are nowhere else but here, where the table and chairs are, where you yourselves are. They are all around us, but in relation to the conditions and processes of the external world, they are so thin and fleeting that one can say they escape human attention. People constantly pass through the spiritual world and do not see it because they are necessarily inattentive to it due to their organization, which is not yet prepared for the spiritual world. And if they had the opportunity to enter the spiritual world, as is the case at night when we sleep, then consciousness would prove too weak, too dull to perceive the spiritual beings that are around us. From the moment we fall asleep until we wake up, we are in the spiritual world, in this subtle, fluctuating world, but we do not perceive it because our consciousness is too dull to perceive it.

What must happen now so that human beings learn to perceive this world in which they actually always are? Yes, we must discuss a few important points in order to understand what is to happen. First of all, we must consider something that I have tried to describe more precisely for the outside world in the final chapter of the second volume of my book “The Riddles of Philosophy.” I want to see if people who are not involved in the anthroposophical movement can understand it. We must consider the question: How does external perception actually come about? Well, people usually think – especially people who consider themselves very clever – that external perception comes about because things are outside, because human beings are inside their skin, because external things make an impression on them, and because their brains then produce an image of external objects and forms inside them. Well, that is not the case at all; it is quite different. In truth, man is not at all inside his skin [with his spiritual-soul nature]; he is not there at all. When, for example, man sees this little bouquet of roses, he is in fact there inside the bouquet with his ego and astral body, and his organism is a mirroring apparatus that reflects things back to him. In truth, you are always spread out across the horizon that you can see. And in waking consciousness, you are also inside your physical and etheric bodies with an essential part of your ego and astral body. The process is really like this—I have often mentioned it in lectures: Imagine you are walking around in a room in which a number of mirrors are attached to the walls. You can walk through the room. Where there is no mirror, you cannot see yourself. But as soon as you come to a mirror, you see yourself. When you come to a place without a mirror, you do not see yourself, and when there is a mirror again, you see yourself again. It is the same with the human organism. It is not the producer of the things we experience in the soul; it is only the mirroring apparatus. The soul is together with the things out there, for example here with this little bouquet of roses. The fact that the soul consciously sees the bouquet depends on the eye, in connection with the brain apparatus of the soul, reflecting back what the soul lives with. And at night, human beings do not perceive because when they sleep, the ego and astral body withdraw from their physical and etheric bodies, which thereby cease to be a mirroring apparatus. Falling asleep is like taking away a mirror that was in front of you. As long as you can look into the mirror, you have your own face in front of you; take the mirror away, and suddenly there is nothing left of your face.

Thus, the human being is indeed present with his soul-spiritual being in that part of the world which he surveys, and he sees it consciously because his organism mirrors it. And at night this mirroring apparatus is withdrawn, and he sees nothing more. The part of the world that we see is ourselves.

This is one of the worst aspects of the Maya, that human beings believe that their spiritual and soul nature is contained within their skin. This is not the case. In reality, they are contained within the things they see. When I stand facing another person, I am contained within them with my ego and astral body. If I did not hold my organism up to them, I would not see them. The fact that I see him is due to my organism, but with my ego and astral body I am inside him. The fact that we do not see it that way is one of the most disastrous things about Maya, I would say.

In this way we gain a kind of concept of what perception and experience are like on the physical plane. Let us now consider the spiritual world, which I have said is so fleeting, so easily fluctuating and easily movable in relation to the processes and things of the physical world. We also live in it, but we do not experience it in the same way as the coarse things of the physical world because it is too subtle. If one wants to experience this fluctuating subtlety, this can only be done by first lowering, properly lowering, what is our ordinary self, what is the bearer of our individuality, our ego. We do this in proper meditation. What does this meditation consist of? We take some idea and give ourselves over completely to it. We forget ourselves and live in this idea by suppressing the egoity of ordinary everyday consciousness. We switch off everything connected with the egoity of everyday consciousness. And since we, as human beings on earth, are only accustomed to applying egoity to the physical plane, we have first of all suppressed egoity [in meditation]. Instead of living [with egoity] in the physical and etheric bodies, we gradually succeed in living only in the astral body by suppressing egoity.

Please note: this is what matters. When we meditate, when we concentrate, our initial goal, our striving, is always not to live in egoity—which must then not convey physical experiences—but rather we strive to press it down into the astral body. When it is in the astral body, it is not initially reflected in the physical body. When you see the bouquet, you are actually inside the bouquet. The physical body is a mirror apparatus, and you see the bouquet because the physical body mirrors it to you. When you suppress the ego with egoism, you will be inside the astral body. And it is now so fine that you can consciously perceive the fine, fluctuating things out there, but to do so, they must first be reflected if you are to perceive them. Here is something you need to understand quite clearly. There are many among you who devote themselves faithfully and truly to meditation. Through this you achieve that the ordinary ego is suppressed and that experience enters the astral body. But the reflection must first come into play so that you can consciously perceive in the astral body. There are truly a whole host of you who, through meditation, have already progressed so far that you experience in the astral body. But now it depends on the reflection. And just as in ordinary life what we experience is reflected through the physical body, so, if we want to perceive consciously in the spiritual world, we must first receive the experiences of the astral body reflected through the etheric body.

But what happens when a person's experiences in the astral body are actually reflected through the etheric body? Something happens that is completely different from seeing in the physical world. I would say that life in the spiritual world is not as comfortable as it is in the physical world. A small bouquet standing here in front of me is a self-contained object; I can enjoy it, I can take it home, put it in a vase, and so on. But this is not at all the case with what one experiences as astral experiences reflected through the etheric body. Everything lives and weaves there. Nothing that is there is still for even a moment. But the way it appears immediately reflected is not what matters, really not. What matters with this little bouquet is what it is. I take the little bouquet and then I have it. When I have mirrored something through the etheric body, I cannot simply take it as it is and be satisfied with it. Understand me well, my dear friends, it is not at all what it appears to be.

I have often used a comparison to illustrate this fact: if there were something written here, a few lines (the letters BA U are written on the board), I would say, if I couldn't read: I see lines, like this and like that, joined together to form a peculiar figure. I cannot take what is written on the board home with me like a bouquet of flowers; that would be of no use to me. And even if I can read what is written on the board – “B A U” – I still do not have what is important. What matters to me is the building out there. I express that through these lines and symbols “B A U.” Even if I read the symbols, I don't have what matters. I only read it in these symbols; I don't have the building itself. In ordinary reading, I don't have what matters in front of me, I only have the symbol for it.

This is also how I understand what I initially receive when I experience something in my astral body and see it reflected in my etheric body: I only understand it correctly when I perceive it as a sign and when I learn that the sign stands for something else. It is therefore not enough to look at what is reflected from my astral body in my etheric body, just as it is not enough to look at the lines when the word “BUILD” is written here. What matters is what these signs mean. I must first learn to read them.

And in the same way, I must first learn to read what I perceive in the spiritual world. What is reflected in my etheric body are only the signs of the truth. This means that I must learn to read in the spiritual world. Only by learning to understand what the spiritual world presents to us as letters and words, which we must learn to read, can we experience anything from the spiritual world. That is it. And if we do not learn this, if we believe that we can spare ourselves the effort of learning occult reading, then we are doing something just as clever as someone who takes a book and says: There are fools who say that something is expressed in this book; I leaf through the book from page to page and see only pretty letters in it. Those who cannot read the letters only take in what they see and do not care about what is expressed in them.

If you do not take into account what I have just said, you will end up in a completely distorted relationship with the spiritual world. What matters is that you learn to interpret and read what you perceive. In the next few hours, we will see what is meant by interpreting and reading.

Now we can say that we have at least reached an initial understanding of the preliminary concept: What is occult reading? It comes about when a person experiences themselves in the astral body as they otherwise experience themselves in the physical world in the ego, and when the experiences of the ego in the physical body are not reflected back to them, but rather the experiences of the astral body in the etheric body.

But now we must consider something else: as I said today, we are not only out there in things, we are not only stuck in things with our ego and astral body, but when we are awake we also send something of our ego into the physical body. We only withdraw it from the physical body at night, when we sleep. This means that in order to perceive the physical world, we must be able to submerge ourselves in our physical body with our ego. In order to perceive the spiritual world, to read the spiritual world, we first experience that we can experience things in our astral body and that we can receive a mirror image of the things we experience in the astral body in the etheric body.

Now, however, we must also ascend so that we can submerge ourselves in the etheric body in the same way that we submerge ourselves in the physical body when we wake up. Remember the following: It is necessary to submerge ourselves with the astral body in the etheric body if we want to learn to read in the spiritual world. Just as we submerge ourselves in the physical body when we wake up, we must submerge ourselves in the etheric body without submerging ourselves in the physical body. Occultists rightly call this submerging into the etheric body a fall into the abyss. It is necessary that one does not become numb during this fall into the abyss, that one descends with consciousness, and that one finds oneself again in the fall. For this immersion into the etheric body does not take place as comfortably as the immersion into the physical body when we wake up. It is indeed something like a violent fall into the abyss. For now you are split into three parts, as I have described in my book How to Know Higher Worlds. You are fragmented, split, dissolved into three parts. You cannot consciously descend into your etheric body without multiplying yourself in the manner indicated.

When a person sleeps, their ego and astral body are outside the physical and etheric bodies, and their consciousness is too dull to perceive the spiritual world. When they then submerge into the physical body, it reflects the physical world back to them so that they perceive it. This is also a kind of falling into the abyss, only it is made so comfortable for us that we do not perceive it as a shock. When we ascend through our exercises to the state in which we can perceive something in the spiritual world, we learn to “read.” This can be compared to a state of sleep that has become conscious. But we also learn about falling into the abyss, being split into three parts when we are submerged in our etheric body. When we dive down there with our consciousness, we are able to consciously immerse ourselves in the things and processes of the spiritual world that are outside of us.

As long as we live in the astral body and receive things reflected in the etheric body, we learn to read as if we were reading a book. As soon as we are immersed in the etheric body, we split into three parts. And we can send these three parts out; they then wander consciously in the spiritual world. And the three that wander around experience in this wandering what we call “occult hearing.” Occult hearing begins as soon as we consciously plunge into our own etheric body. Now we really dive into things. Now we realize that what we have learned to read before can be experienced by us. So let us repeat: through occult exercises, human beings are enabled to suppress their egoity to such an extent that they learn to live consciously in their astral body. Then, little by little, the processes and beings of the spiritual world are reflected to them by the etheric body. If they are able to interpret this mirrored world in the right way, as we will hear in the next few hours, they have learned the art of occult reading. If he progresses and is able not only to read from “outside” in the etheric body, but also to immerse himself and awaken, as it were, in the etheric body, then he sends the three that have become part of him out into the world and hears the processes in their inner weaving and essence. Then he hears them.

In this way, however, one gradually arrives at occult reading and occult hearing in such a way that one associates something very specific with them. But one also truly enters into the reality of things. For what happens on the physical plane is not reality, not really. A simple consideration can show us in every corner of the world how what we experience in our surroundings is not reality; how we basically misinterpret everything.

Someone once said to me on the banks of the Rhine: “That is the old Rhine.” That is certainly a very beautiful, deeply felt statement. But what is actually old about the Rhine? The water that you see flowing? Certainly not; it flows continuously and is gone in the next moment. The old part could at most be the hole that the water has washed out of the earth. But that is not what is meant when one says “the old Rhine.” So what is it that we actually mean when we use the word “old Rhine”? One does not say that the sea is an “old sea,” and there are also holes in the sea that have been washed out by the water, and there are also currents in the sea. When the Gulf Stream flows through the sea, not only is the water different every moment, but the holes are also different. What is permanent in the physical world? Nothing, absolutely nothing. That is how it is with the entire physical world. Your own organism is in a state of constant flux; what you have in you today as flesh and blood, you did not have eight years ago. Nothing real is permanent in the physical world; everything is fluid, and what we use the word to describe is not really what we have in mind.

It only makes sense to speak of the “old Rhine” when we mean the permanent, that is, the elemental beings that really live in the Rhine, when we mean the old river god “Rhine,” that is, a spiritual being. Only then have we meant anything meaningful at all. We must mean something spiritual when we use the word “old Rhine,” or we are talking without thinking. So much, my dear friends, is it true that we can only enter into real realities if we hold fast to the spiritual worlds. Only then can we enter into real realities. That we can enter there, and how, we will see when we discuss occult reading and hearing in detail tomorrow and the day after tomorrow, as far as possible.