Human and Cosmic Thought
GA 151
23 January 1914, Dornach
Lecture IV
We have been concerned with the possible varieties of world-outlooks, of world-outlook-moods and so on, which can find place in the human soul, and, since I can take only single points of view from this wide field, I should like to illustrate one of these points of view by means of a special example.
Let us suppose that a person so lives in the world that among his natural predispositions we find the special forces through which he is influenced by the world-outlook of Idealism. We will say that he makes this world-outlook into a dominating factor in his inner life, so that the soul-mood which I designated yesterday as Mysticism, and called the Venus mood, flows towards Idealism and is nourished by its powers. Hence, if one speaks in the symbols of astrology, one would say that the spiritual constellation of such a man, according to his natural predispositions, is that Venus stands in Aries.
I remark expressly, so that no misunderstanding may arise, that these constellations are of much greater importance in the life of the person than the constellations of the external horoscope, and do not necessarily coincide with the “nativity”—the external horoscope. For the enhanced influence which is exerted on the soul by this standing of Mysticism in the sign of Idealism waits for the propitious moment when it can lay hold of the soul most fruitfully. Such influences need not assert themselves just at the time of birth; they can do so before birth, or after it. In short, they await the point of time when these predispositions can best be built into the human organism, according to its inner configuration.
Hence the ordinary astrological “nativity” does not come into account here. But one can say: A certain soul is by nature such that, spiritually speaking, Venus stands in Aries—Mysticism in the sign of Idealism. Now the forces which arise in this way do not remain constant throughout life. They change—that is, the person comes under other influences, under other spiritual signs and also under other moods of soul. Let us suppose that a man so changes that in the course of his life he comes into the soul-mood of Empiricism; that Mysticism has moved on, as it were, into Empiricism, and Empiricism stands in the sign of Rationalism. You see, as I drew it in the preceding lecture, going from inwards outwards in the symbolic picture, that Empiricism stands in relation to Mysticism as does the Sun to Venus. With regard to its mood the soul has progressed to Empiricism and has at the same time placed itself in the sign of Rationalism. The result is that such a soul changes its world-picture. What the soul formerly produced, perhaps as a specially strong personality in the time when in its case Mysticism stood in the sign of Idealism, this will pass over into another nuance of world-outlook. What the soul asserts and says will be different when in this way its world-outlook-mood has passed over from Mysticism to Empiricism, and the latter has placed itself in the sign of Rationalism. However, from what I have now explained, you can gather that human souls can have an inclination to change the sign and mood of their world-outlook. (See Diagram 11.) For these souls the tendency to change is already given. Let us suppose that such a soul wants to carry this tendency further in life. It wants to swing forward from Empiricism to the next soul-mood, i.e. to Voluntarism; and if it wants to swing forward also in the zodiacal signs, then it will come into Mathematism. It would then pass over to a world-outlook which in this symbolical picture leads away at an angle of 60 degrees from the first line, where Mysticism stood in the sign of Idealism; and such a soul, in the course of the same incarnation, would bring to expression a mathematical world-structure permeated by and based upon the will.
And now I ask you to notice how I work out this matter. It will be seen that two such constellations as are here present in the soul disturb each other in the course of time; they influence each other unfavourably when they are at an angle of 60 degrees with regard to each other. In physical astrology this a favourable constellation; in spiritual astrology this so-called sextile aspect is unfavourable. We can see this because this last position—Voluntarism in Mathematism—comes up against a severe hindrance in the soul. The soul is not able to develop, because it cannot find anything to lay hold of, since the person in question has no natural gift for Mathematism.

This is how the unfavourable character of the sextile aspect expresses itself. Hence this configuration, Voluntarism in the sign of Mathematism, cannot establish itself. The consequence is that the soul does not try to move forward in this way. But because it cannot take the path to Voluntarism in Mathematism, it turns away from the configuration it now has—Empiricism in Rationalism—and seeks an outlet by placing itself in opposition to the direction it cannot take. Such a soul, accordingly, would not swing forward to Voluntarism in the direction of Mathematism, but would place itself with Voluntarism in opposition to its Empiricism. The result is that Voluntarism would stand in opposition to Rationalism in the sign of Dynamism. And in the course of its life, such a soul would have as its possible configuration one in which it would defend a world-outlook based on a special pressing in of forces, of Dynamism permeated by will—a will that wants to effect its purpose by force. In spiritual astrology things are again different from what they are in physical astrology; in physical astrology “opposition” has a quite different significance. Here, “opposition” is brought about by the soul being unable to proceed further along an unfavourable path; it veers round into the opposing configuration.
I have shown you here what the soul of Nietzsche went through in the course of his life. If you try to understand the course he takes in his early works, you will find that the placing of Mysticism makes it comprehensible. From this period we have “The Birth of Tragedy”; “David Strauss, the Confessor and the Writer”; “The Use and Abuse of History”; “Schopenhauer as Educator”; “Richard Wagner in Bayreuth”. Then the soul of Nietzsche moves on; a second epoch begins. Here we find “Human, all too Human”; “The Dawn of Day”; “The Joyful Wisdom”—all proceeding from the oppositional configuration. These are writings based on the will to power, on the will saturated with force, with power.
Thus you see how an inner conformity to law exists between the spiritual cosmos and the way in which man stands within it. If we employ the symbols of astrology, but taking them to express something different, we can say: In the case of Nietzsche, up to a certain time in his life Venus stood in Aries, but when for his soul this configuration passed over into “Sun in the sign of Taurus”, he could get no further. He could not go with Mars into the sign of Gemini, but went in the oppositional position; thus he went with Mars into the sign of Scorpio. His last phase was characterized by his standing with Mars in Scorpio. But one can sustain this configuration only if one penetrates into the lower position (below the line Idealism—Realism in Diagram 11) where one plunges into a spiritual world-outlook, Occultism or something similar; otherwise these configurations must work back unfavourably upon the person himself. Hence the tragic fate of Nietzsche. One can go through with the upper configurations if one is able, owing to external circumstances, to place oneself in the world in a corresponding way. The configurations below the line from Idealism to Realism can be sustained only if one dives down into the spiritual world—a thing that Nietzsche could not do. By “placing oneself externally in the world” I mean placing by means of education, by means of external conditions; they come into account for all that lies above the line running from Idealism to Realism. Meditative life, a life devoted to the study and understanding of Spiritual Science, comes into account for all that lies below the line.
In order to grasp the importance of what has been sketched out in these lectures, we must know the following things. We must make it clear to ourselves what thinking really is; how it enters into human experience.
The uncompromising materialist of our day finds it suits his purpose to say that the brain forms the thought—more exactly, that the central nervous system forms the thought. For anyone who sees through things, this is about as true as to say when one looks into a mirror that the mirror has “made” the face. In fact, the face is outside the mirror; the mirror only reflects the face, throws it back. The experience a man has of his thoughts is quite similar. (We will leave aside for the moment other aspects of the soul.) The experience of real, active thinking no more arises from the brain than the image of a face is created by the mirror. The brain, in fact, works only as a reflecting apparatus, whereby it throws back the soul-activity and this becomes visible to itself. The brain has as little to do with what a man perceives as thoughts as a mirror has to do with your face when you see it in a glass. But there is something more than that. When someone thinks, he really perceives only the last phases of his thinking-activity, of his thinking experience. And now, in order to make this clear, I want to take up once more the comparison with the mirror.
Imagine that you are standing there and want to see your face in a mirror. If you have no mirror, then you cannot see your face. You may look as long as you like, but you will not see your face. If you want to see it, you must work up some material so that is reflects your face. That is, you must first prepare the material so that it can produce the reflection. Then, when you gaze at the surface, you see your face. The soul has to do the same with the brain. The actual perceiving of a thought is preceded by a thinking activity that works upon the brain. For example, if you want to perceive the thought “lion”, your thinking activity first sets in motion certain parts of the brain, deep within it, so that they become the “mirror” for the perception of the thought “lion”. And the agent who thus makes the brain into a mirror is you yourself. What you finally perceive as thoughts are the reflections, the mirror-pictures; what you first have to prepare so that the right reflection may appear is some part or other of the brain. You, with your soul-activity, are the very thing that gives the brain the form and capacity for reflecting your thinking as thoughts. If you want to go back to the activity on which the thought is based, then it is the activity which, from out of the soul, takes hold of the brain and gets to work there. And when from out of your soul you set up a certain activity in your brain, this brings about a reflection such that you perceive the thought “lion”. You see, a soul-spiritual element has to be there first. Then, through its activity, the brain is made into a mirror-like apparatus for reflecting the thought. That is the real process, but such a muddled idea of it prevails that many people nowadays cannot grasp it at all.
A person who makes a little progress in occult perception can separate the two phases of his soul-activity. He can trace how it is that when he wants to think something or other, he has first not simply to grasp the thought, but to prepare his brain for it. If he has prepared it so that it reflects, then he has the thought. When one wants to investigate occultly, so that one can picture things, one always has, first, the task of carrying through the activity which prepares the picturing. It is this that is so important for us to notice. For it is only when we keep these things well in mind that we have before us the real activity of human thinking. Now for the first time we know how human thinking-activity is carried out. First, this activity lays hold of the brain, in connection somewhere with the central nervous system. It sets in motion—let us say if we wish—the atomistic portions in some way, brings them into some sort of movement; by this means they become a mirror-apparatus; the thought is reflected, and the soul becomes conscious of the thought. Thus we have to distinguish two phases: first the work on the brain from out of the psychic-spiritual in preparation for the external physical experience; then the perception takes place, after the work on the brain has prepared the ground for this act of perceiving by the soul. In the ordinary way this preparatory work on the brain remains entirely unconscious. But an occult researcher must start by actually experiencing it. He has to go through the experience of how the soul-activity is poured in, and the brain made ready to reflect the thought as an image.
What I have now explained happens continually to a person between waking up and going to sleep. The thinking activity is always working on the brain, and so, throughout the waking state, it makes the brain into a mirror-apparatus for the thoughts. But it is not sufficient that the only thinking-activity worked up in us should be that worked up by ourselves. For one might say it is a narrowly limited activity that is here worked up in this way by means of the psychic-spiritual. When we wake up in the morning and are awake through the day, and in the evening fall asleep again, then the psychic-spiritual activity which belongs to the thinking is working all day long upon the brain, and thereby the brain becomes a reflecting-apparatus. But the brain must first be there; then, the soul-spiritual activity can make little furrows in the brain, or, one might say, its memoranda and engravings. The main substance and form of the brain must first be there. But that is not enough for our human life.
Our brain could not be worked upon by our daily life if our whole organism were not so prepared that it provides a basis for this daily work. And this work of preparation comes from the cosmos. Thus as we work daily at the “engraving” of the brain, which makes it into a mirror-apparatus for our daily thought, so, in so far as we cannot ourselves do this engraving, this giving form, form has to be given to us from the cosmos. As our little thoughts work and make their little engravings, so must our whole organism be built up from out of the cosmos, according to the same pattern of thought-activity. For example, that which appears to us finally in the sign of Idealism is present in the spiritual cosmos as the activity producing Idealism, and it can so work upon a man that it prepares his whole organism so that he inclines to Idealism. In like manner are the other varieties of moods and signs worked in upon men from out of the spiritual cosmos.
Man is built up according to the thoughts of the cosmos. The cosmos is the “great thinker” which down to our last finger-nail engraves our form in us, just as our little thought-work makes its little imprints on our brain every day. As our brain—I am referring only to the small portions where imprints can be made—stands under the influence of the work of thinking, so does the whole man stand under the influence of cosmic thinking.
Take the example I gave you, the example of Nietzsche—what does it mean? It means that through an earlier incarnation Nietzsche was so prepared in his karma that at a certain point of time, by virtue of his earlier incarnation, the forces of Idealism and of Mysticism (working together because Mysticism stood in the sign of Idealism) so worked upon his whole bodily constitution that he was in the first place capable of becoming a mystical Idealist. Then his constellation altered in the way indicated.
We are thought out from the cosmos—the cosmos thinks us. And just as we, in our little daily thought-work, make little engravings in our brain, and then the ideas “lion”, “dog”, “table”, “rose”, “book”, “on”, “right”, “left”, come into our consciousness as reflections of that which we have prepared in our brain—i.e. just as we, through the working-up of the brain, finally perceive, lion, dog, table, rose, book, on, off, right, write, read—the Beings of the cosmic Hierarchies work in such a way that they carry out the great thought-activity which engraves upon the world things far more significant than our daily thought-activity can accomplish. So it comes to pass that not only the tiny little markings arise and are then reflected singly as our thoughts, but that we ourselves, in our whole being, appear again to the Beings of the higher Hierarchies as their thoughts. As our little brain-processes mirror our little thoughts, so do we mirror the thoughts of the cosmos which are engraved upon the world. When the Hierarchies of the cosmos “think”, they “think”, for example, men. As our little thoughts emerge from our little brain-processes, so do the thoughts of the Hierarchies arise from their work, to which we ourselves belong. As parts of our brain are for us the reflecting-apparatus which we first work up for our thoughts, so are we, we little beings, the substance which the Hierarchies of the cosmos prepare for their thoughts. Thus we might say, in a certain sense, that we can feel ourselves with regard to the cosmos as a little portion of our brain might feel with regard to ourselves. But as little as we, in our soul-spiritual nature, are our brains, so little are the Beings of the Hierarchies “we”. Hence we have an independent status in relation to the Beings of the higher Hierarchies. And we can say that while in a certain manner we serve them so that they may be able to think through us, yet at the same time we are independent beings with identities of our own, as indeed, in a certain way, the particles of our brain have their own life.
Thus we find the connection between human and cosmic thoughts. Human thought is the regent of the brain; cosmic thought is such a regent that we belong with our whole being to that which it has to accomplish. Only, because in consequence of our karma it cannot direct its thoughts on to us all equally, we have to be constituted in accordance with its logic. Thus we men have a logic according to which we think, and so have the Spiritual Hierarchies of the cosmos their logic. And their logic was indicated in the diagram I drew for you (see lecture three, Diagram 11). As when we think, for example, “The lion is a mammal”, we bring two concepts together to make a statement, so the Spiritual Hierarchies of the cosmos think two things together, Mysticism and Idealism, and we then say: “Mysticism appears in Idealism.” Imagine this first as the preparatory activity of the cosmos. Then resounds the Creative Fiat, the Creative Word. For the Beings of the Spiritual Hierarchies the preparatory act consists in the choice of a human being whose karma is such that he can develop a natural bent for becoming a mystical Idealist. Into the Hierarchies of the cosmos there is rayed back something that we should call a “thought”, whereas for them it is the expression of a man who is a mystical Idealist. He is their “thought”, after they have prepared for themselves the cosmic decision—”Let Mysticism appear in Idealism.”
We have now, in a certain sense, depicted the inner aspect of the Cosmic Word, of Cosmic Thought. What we drew in a diagram as “cosmic logic” represents how the Spiritual Hierarchies of the cosmos think. For example: “Let Empiricism appear in the sign of Rationalism!” and so on. Let us try to realize what can be thought in the cosmos in this way. It can be thought: “Let Mysticism appear in the sign of Idealism! Let it change! Let it become Empiricism in the sign of Rationalism!” Opposition! The next move on would represent a false cosmic decision. After verification, the thought is changed round. The third standpoint must appear: “Voluntarism in the sign of Dynamism.” These three decisions, through being spoken over a period in the cosmic worlds, give the “man Nietzsche”. And he rays back as the thought of the cosmos.
Thus does the collectivity of the Hierarchies speak in the cosmos! And our human thinking-activity is a copy, a tiny copy, of it.
Worlds are related to the Spirit or to the Spirits of the cosmos as our brain is to our soul. Thus we may have a glimpse into something which we ought certainly to look upon only with a certain reverence, with a holy awe. For in contemplating it we stand before the mysteries of human individuality. We learn to understand—if I may express myself figuratively—that the eyes of the Beings of the higher Hierarchies roam over the single individualities among men, and that individuals are to them what the individual letters of a book are to us when we are reading. This we may look upon only with holy awe: we are overhearing the thought-activity of the cosmos.
In our day the veil over such a mystery as this must be lifted to a certain degree; for the laws which have here been shown as the laws of the thinking of the cosmos are active in man. And the knowledge of them can help us to understand life, and then to understand ourselves; so that even when, for one reason or another, we have to be placed one-sidedly in life, we know that we belong to a great whole, for we are links in the thought-logic of the cosmos. And in learning to grasp these relations, Spiritual Science acts as our guide. It teaches us to understand our one-sided predispositions as much as it enlarges our all-round knowledge. Thus we can find the frame of mind which is necessary precisely in our time. For today, when in many leading minds there is no trace of insight into the relationships we have touched on here, we experience the effects of these relations or connections but do not know how to live under them. And thus they create conditions which call for adjustment.
Let us take the example of Wundt, whom I mentioned yesterday. His one-sidedness is brought about through a quite definite constellation. Let us suppose that he could ever struggle on to an understanding of Spiritual Science, then he would look upon his one-sidedness in such a way that he would say to himself: “Now because I stand here with my Empiricism, etc., I am in a position to do good work in certain fields. I will remain in these, and will make up for it in other ways through Spiritual Science.” To such a decision as this he would come. But he refuses to know anything about Spiritual Science. What does he do in consequence? Whereas he could carry out something good and productive in the constellation which is his, he turns what lies within his range into a complete philosophy. Otherwise he could probably do something greater, much greater; indeed he would be most useful if he would leave philosophizing alone and go in for experimental psychology—a thing he understands—and if he would inquire into the nature of mathematical conclusions—which he also understands—instead of making a concoction of all kinds of philosophy; for then he would be on the right lines.
But this must be said of many. Therefore Spiritual Science, while it must evoke the feeling by which we recognize how there should be peace between world-outlooks, must also point sharply to cases where persons go beyond the necessary limits set for them by their constellations. These persons do great harm by hypnotizing the world with opinions that get by without any attention being paid to the constellation behind them. All forms of one-sidedness that try to claim universal validity must be strongly repulsed. The world does not admit of being explained by a person who has special predilections for this or that. And when he wants to explain it on his own, and so to found a philosophy, then this philosophy works harmfully, and Spiritual Science has the task of rejecting the arrogance of this pretentious claim to universality. In our time, the less feeling there is for Spiritual Science, the more strongly will this one-sidedness appear. Hence we see that knowledge of the nature of human and cosmic thought can lead us to understand rightly the significance and the task of Spiritual Science, and to see how it can bring into a right relationship other so-called spiritual streams, especially philosophic currents, in our time. It must be wished that knowledge of the kind that we have tried to bring together for ourselves in these four lectures should inscribe itself deeply into the hearts and souls of our friends, so that the course of the anthroposophical spiritual stream through the world would take a quite definite and right direction. It would thereby be recognized more and more how a man is formed through that which lives in him as cosmic thought.
With the aid of such an explanation as this we see more depth that we could otherwise do in a thought of Fichte's, where he says: “What kind of a philosophy a man has depends on the kind of man he is.” Yes, indeed, the kind of philosophy a man has does verily depend on the kind of man he is! The fact that Fichte (in the first period of the incarnation he was then living through as Fichte) could say, as the basic nerve of his philosophy of life: “Our world is the sensualised material of our duty”,1“Unsere Welt ist das versinnlichte Material unserer Pflicht.” The rendering given is that of Professor Robert Adamson, in the series of Blackwood's Philosophical Classics for English readers. Alternative words for versinnlichte might be “sense-perceptible” or “tangible”. The quotation is from Fichte's work, Über den Grund unseres Glaubens an eine göttliche Weltregierung (1798). shows even as does the previously quoted saying (which he gave out later) how his soul changed its constellation in the spiritual cosmos. That is, it shows how richly this soul was endowed, so that the spiritual Hierarchies could remould it so that through it they could think various things for themselves. Something similar could be said of Nietzsche, for example.
Many different ways of viewing the world emerge if one keeps before one's soul such things as have been described in these four lectures. The best we can gain from these descriptions is that with their aid we should come to look ever more and more deeply, with perceptive feeling, into the spiritual features of the world.
If only one thing were to be achieved by means of such a lecture-course as this, it would be that as many as possible of you should say to yourselves: “Yes, if anyone wants to enter into the spiritual world—i.e. into the world of truth, and not into the world of error—he must really set out upon the path! For much, much must be taken into consideration along this path in order to come to the sources of truth. And if at the beginning it might seem to me as if a contradiction appears here or there, if in one place or another I could not understand something, I will still say to myself that the world is not there in order to be grasped by every condition of human understanding, and that I would rather be a seeker than a man whose sole attitude towards the world is such that he only inquires ‘What can I understand?’ ‘What can I not understand?’”
If one becomes a seeker, if one earnestly sets to work along the path of the seeker, then one learns to know that one must bring together impulses from the most varied sides in order to gain an understanding of the world. And then one unlearns every kind of attitude towards the world that asks “Do I understand that?” “Do I not understand that?”, and instead one seeks and seeks and goes on seeking. The worst enemies of truth are cosmic conceptions that are exclusive and strive after finality; the conceptions of those who want to frame a couple of thoughts and suppose that with them they can dare to build up a world-edifice.
The world is boundless, both qualitatively and quantitatively. And it will be a blessing when there are individual souls who wish for clear vision with regard to that which is appearing in our day with such terrible overweening narrow-mindedness, and wants to be “universal”. I might say: “With bleeding heart I declare that the greatest hindrance to knowledge of how a preparatory work of thought-activity is carried out in the brain, how the brain is thereby made into a mirror and the life of the soul reflected from it—a fact which could throw endless light on much other physiological knowledge—the greatest hindrance to the knowledge of this fact is the crazy modern physiology which speaks of two kinds of nerves, the ‘motor’ and the ‘sensory’ nerves.” (I have touched on this in many lectures already.) In order to produce this theory, which crops up everywhere in physiology, it is a fact that physiology had first to lose all understanding. Hence it is a theory now recognized all over the earth, and it acts as a hindrance to all true knowledge of the nature of thought and the nature of the soul. Never will it be possible to understand human thought if physiology sets up such an obstacle to true knowledge. But things have gone so far that an indefensible physiology forms the introduction to every textbook of psychology and teaching about the mind, and makes it dependent on this falsity. Therewith the door is bolted also against knowledge of cosmic thought.
One first learns to recognize what thought is in the cosmos when one comes to feel what human thinking is: that in its true nature it has nothing to do with the brain except that it is the master of the brain. But when one has thus recognized thought in its essence, when one has come to know oneself in thinking, then one feels oneself inwardly within the cosmic, and our knowledge of the true nature of cosmic thought. When we learn to know rightly what our thinking is, then we learn also to know how we are “thought” by the Powers of the cosmos. Indeed we may gain a glimpse into the logic of the Hierarchies. The single components of the decisions of the Hierarchies, the concepts of the Hierarchies, I have written down for you. In the twelve spiritual signs of the Zodiac, the seven world-outlook-moods, and so on, lie the concepts of the Hierarchies; and human beings are constituted in accordance with the verdicts of the cosmos which result from these concepts. Thus we feel ourselves within the logic of the cosmos—that is (if we really grasp it) within the logic of the Hierarchies of the cosmos. We feel ourselves as souls embedded in cosmic thought, just as we feel our thoughts, the little thoughts we think, embedded in our soul-life.
Meditate sometimes on the idea: “I think my thoughts,” and “I am a thought which is thought by the Hierarchies of the cosmos.” My eternal part consists in this—that the thought of the Hierarchies is eternal. And when I have once been thought out by one category of the Hierarchies, then I am passed on—as a human thought is passed on from teacher to pupil—from one category to another, so that this in turn may think me in my true, eternal nature. Thus I feel myself within the thought-world of the cosmos.
Vierter Vortrag
Wir haben uns befaßt mit den möglichen Weltanschauungsnuancen, Weltanschauungsstimmungen und so weiter, die in der menschlichen Seele Platz greifen können, und ich möchte, da ich ja wirklich nur einzelne Gesichtspunkte aus dem weiten Gebiete dieses Themas herausheben kann, einen dieser Gesichtspunkte durch ein besonderes Beispiel herausheben.
Nehmen wir an, daß ein Mensch so in der Welt sich darlebt, daß er in seinen Anlagen enthalten hat die besonderen Kräfte, die ihn bestimmen, die Weltanschauungsnuance des Idealismus auf sich wirken zu lassen. Ich will also sagen: Er macht die Weltanschauungsnuance des Idealismus in sich wirksam. Er macht sie, nehmen wir an, dadurch zu einem herrschenden Faktor in seinem Innenleben, daß gleichsam auf den Idealismus hinweist und von seinen Kräften gespeist wird diejenige Weltanschauungsstimmung in seiner Seele, die ich gestern als die der Mystik, als Venusstimmung, bezeichnet habe. Daher würde man sagen, wenn man die Symbole der Astrologie gebrauchen wollte, die geistige Konstellation eines solchen Menschen in seinen geistigen Anlagen sei die, daß Venus im Widder steht.
Ich bemerke ausdrücklich, damit kein Mißverständnis entsteht, daß diese Konstellationen zwar viel bedeutungsvoller noch im Leben des Menschen bestehen als die Konstellationen des äußeren Horoskopes, daß sie aber nicht etwa zusammenfallen mit der «Nativität», dem äußeren Horoskop. Denn es ist so, daß der verstärkte Einfluß, der dadurch auf eine Menschenseele ausgeübt wird, daß Mystik im Zeichen des Idealismus steht, daß dieser Einfluß auf denjenigen günstigen Zeitpunkt wartet, in dem er die Seele ergreifen kann, damit sie das, was durch das Stehen der Mystik im Zeichen des Idealismus herauskommen kann, am stärksten herausholt. Das braucht nicht so zu sein, daß diese Einflüsse, die sich dadurch geltend machen, daß Mystik im Zeichen des Idealismus steht, gerade bei der Geburt sich geltend machen; sie können sich vor der Geburt geltend machen, auch nachher. Kurz, es wird der Zeitpunkt abgewartet, der nach der inneren organischen Konfiguration des Menschen diese Anlagen am besten in den menschlichen Organismus hineinorganisieren kann.
Also die gewöhnliche astrologische Nativität kommt hier nicht in Betracht. Aber man kann sagen, eine gewisse Seele habe so die Veranlagung, daß, geistig genommen, Venus im Widder steht, die Mystik im Zeichen des Idealismus. Nun bleiben die Kräfte, die auf solche Weise entstehen, nicht das ganze Leben hindurch bestehen. Sie ändern sich, das heißt, der Mensch kommt unter andere Einflüsse, unter andere Geistes-Tierkreiszeichen und auch unter andere Seelenstimmungen. Nehmen wir an, ein Mensch ändere sich so, daß er dann im Verlaufe seines Lebens in die Seelenstimmung des Empirismus hineinkommt, daß gleichsam die Mystik vorgeschritten ist zum Empirismus, und der Empirismus stehe im Zeichen des Rationalismus.
Sie sehen, wie ich es gestern aufgezeichnet habe, reiht sich, von innen nach außen gegangen, im symbolischen Bilde der Empirismus an die Mystik an wie die Sonne an die Venus. Die Seele ist in bezug auf die Stimmung zum Empirismus vorgeschritten und hat sich zugleich in das Zeichen des Rationalismus gestellt. Im Leben der Seele drückt sich das so aus, daß eine solche Seele in ihrer Weltanschauung sich ändert. Was sie hervorgebracht hat, vielleicht gerade wenn sie eine besonders kraftvolle Persönlichkeit war in der Zeit, in welcher bei ihr die Mystik im Zeichen des Idealismus gestanden hat, das wird sie ändern, in eine andere Weltanschauungsnuance übergehen lassen. Sie wird anderes behaupten und sagen, wenn auf diese Weise die Weltanschauungsstimmung der Mystik in Empirismus übergegangen ist und dieser sich in das Zeichen des Rationalismus gestellt hat. Aus dem aber, was ich hier eben auseinandergesetzt habe, können Sie zugleich entnehmen, daß die Menschenseelen einen Zug haben können, Zeichen und Stimmung ihrer Weltanschauung zu ändern. — Für «diese» Seele ist gewissermaßen schon die Tendenz der Änderung angegeben. Nehmen wir an, sie will diese Tendenz im Leben weiterführen. Sie will vorrücken vom Empirismus zur nächsten Seelenstimmung, zum Voluntarismus. Und würde sie auch in den Tierkreiszeichen so vorrücken, so würde sie in den Mathematizismus hineinkommen. Sie würde dann übergehen zu einer Weltanschauung, welche in diesem symbolischen Bilde in einem Winkel von 60 Grad abweicht von der ersten Linie, wo die Mystik im Zeichen des Idealismus gestanden hat. Und es würde eine solche Seele dann im Verlaufe derselben Inkarnation zum Ausdruck bringen ein vom Willen durchdrungenes, auf dem Willen basierendes mathematisches Weltgebäude. Das würde sie zum Ausdruck bringen.

Da zeigt sich aber eines - und ich bitte, das zu beachten -, es zeigt sich, daß zwei solche Konstellationen, die in der Seele vorhanden sind im Verlaufe der Zeit, sich dann stören, ungünstig beeinflussen, wenn sie so stehen, daß sie einen Winkel von 60 Grad bilden. In der physischen Astrologie ist das eine günstige Konstellation, in der geistigen Astrologie ist diese sogenannte Sextilstellung ungünstig. Das kommt dadutch zum Ausdruck, daß diese letzte Stellung — Voluntarismus im Mathematizismus - ein scharfes Hindernis in der Seele findet, so daß sie sich nicht ausbilden kann, weil sie gar keine Angriffspunkte findet, da der Betreffende gar keine Anlagen zeigt für das, was Mathematik ist. Darin drückt sich das Ungünstige der Sextilstellung aus, daß gar keine mathematischen Anlagen vorhanden sind. Es kann sich also diese Stellung nicht bilden: Voluntarismus im Zeichen des Mathematizismus. Die Folge davon ist nun, daß auch nicht der Versuch gemacht wird, daß die Seelenstimmung in dieser Weise vorrückt. Sondern weil die betreffende Seele jetzt nicht diesen Weg machen kann zum Voluntarismus im Mathematizismus, so legt sie sich von der Stellung, die sie jetzt hat - Empirismus im Rationalismus -, um (siehe Zeichnung) und sucht den Ausweg - stellt sich in Opposition zu der Richtung, die sie noch einhalten kann. Es würde also eine solche Seele nicht so vorrücken zum Voluntarismus, wie es in der Zeichnung durch die punktierte Linie angedeutet ist, sondern sie würde sich mit dem Voluntarismus in Opposition zu ihrem Empirismus im Rationalismus stellen.

Das würde auftreten im Zeichen des Dynamismus. Es würde der Voluntarismus in Opposition zum Rationalismus im Zeichen des Dynamismus stehen. Und im Verlaufe ihres Lebens würde eine solche Seele als die ihr mögliche Konstellation die haben, daß sie eine Weltanschauung vertritt, die sich stützt auf ein besonderes Eindringen von Kräften, von Dynamismus in die Welt, durchdrungen von Willen; Wille - der von Kraft durchsetzte Wille. In der spirituellen Astrologie ist es wieder anders als in der physischen Astrologie; in der physischen hat die Opposition eine ganz andere Bedeutung als in der spirituellen. Hier wird die Opposition dadurch hervorgebracht, daß die Seele nicht weiter kann auf einem Wege, der ungünstig ist; sie schlägt um in die Oppositionsstellung.
Ich habe Ihnen hier aufgezeichnet, was die Seele von Nierzsche im Verlaufe ihres Lebens durchgemacht hat. Versuchen Sie zu verstehen den Weg in seinen ersten Werken, so wird er erklärlich durch die Stellung der Mystik im Zeichen des Idealismus. Aus dieser Zeit stammen «Die Geburt der Tragödie» und die «Unzeitgemäßen Betrachtungen> in ihren vier Stücken: «David Strauß, der Bekenner und der Schriftsteller», «Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der Historie für das Leben», «Schopenhauer als Erzieher», «Richard Wagner in Bayreuth». Das ist Mystik im Zeichen des Idealismus. Dann dringt die Seele vor. Es kommt eine zweite Epoche. In diese fällt die Entstehung von «Menschliches, Allzumenschliches», «Morgenröte», «Die fröhliche Wissenschaft». Hier steht Empirismus im Zeichen des Rationalismus. In der dritten Periode, hervorgegangen aus der Oppositionsstellung, sind die Schriften, die sich begründen auf den Willen zur Macht, auf den Willen, durchdrungen von Kraft, von Macht: JJenseits von Gut und Böse», «Zur Genealogie der Moral, «Der Fall Wagner, «Götzendämmerung», «Der Antichris», «Also sprach Zarathustra».
So sehen Sie, wie eine innere Gesetzmäßigkeit besteht zwischen dem geistigen Kosmos und der Art, wie der Mensch in diesem geistigen Kosmos drinnensteht. Man kann sagen, wenn man sich der Symbole der Astrologie bedient, die aber jetzt etwas anderes bedeuten: Bei Nietzsche war es so, daß sich zu einer gewissen Zeit seines Lebens Venus im Widder zeigte, daß er aber, als diese Konstellation für seine Seele überging zur Sonne im Zeichen des Stieres, nicht weiterkommen konnte, daß er nicht mit dem Mars in das Zeichen der Zwillinge kommen konnte, sondern in die Oppositionsstellung ging, also mit dem Mars in das Zeichen des Skorpions ging. Seine letzte philosophische Phase ist dadurch charakterisiert, daß er mit dem Mars im Zeichen des Skorpions stand. Diese Konstallation hält man aber nur aus - nämlich die, wenn man in die unteren Stellungen eindringt, unterhalb der Linie Idealismus-Realismus (siehe das Schema auf Seite 69) -—, wenn man in eine geistige Weltanschauungsstimmung eintaucht, Okkultismus oder dergleichen; sonst müssen diese Konstellationen in ungünstiger Weise auf den Menschen selber zurückwirken. Daher das tragische Geschick Nietzsches. Die oberen Konstellationen hält man aus, wenn man sich in entsprechender Weise durch äußere Verhältnisse in die Welt hineinzustellen vermag. Was unter der Linie liegt, die vom Idealismus zum Realismus geht, das hält man nur aus, wenn man untertaucht in die Geisteswissenschaft, was Nietzsche nicht hat tun können. Mit dem «sich außen hineinstellen in die Welt» meine ich alles, was zum Beispiel durch Erziehung, durch äußere Lebensverhältnisse zu erreichen ist; sie kommen in Betracht für alles, was oberhalb der IdealismusRealismus-Linie liegt. Meditatives Leben, ein Leben in Studium und Verständnis für die Geisteswissenschaft kommt in Betracht für alles, was unterhalb der Linie Idealismus-Realismus liegt.
Um die Tragweite dessen einzusehen, was hier in diesen Vorträgen skizziert worden ist, muß man folgende Sache kennen. Man muß sich klarmachen, was eigentlich im menschlichen Erleben der Gedanke ist, wie sich der Gedanke in das menschliche Erleben hineinstellt.
Der grobe Materialist unserer Zeit findet es seinen Intentionen gemäß, davon zu sprechen, daß das Gehirn den Gedanken bildet, respektive, daß das Zentralnervensystem den Gedanken bildet. Für den, der die Dinge durchschaut, ist das geradeso wahr, wie es wahr wäre, zu meinen, wenn man in einen Spiegel hineinschaut, der Spiegel habe das Gesicht gemacht, das man sieht. Aber er macht gar nicht das Gesicht, das man sieht, sondern das Gesicht ist außerhalb des Spiegels. Der Spiegel reflektiert nur das Gesicht, wirft es zurück. Ich habe das sogar schon in öffentlichen Vorträgen wiederholt auseinandergesetzt. In ganz ähnlicher Weise verhält es sich mit dem, was der Mensch an Gedanken erlebt. Wir wollen jetzt von anderen Seeleninhalten absehen. Das Gedankenerlebnis, das in der Seele regsam, real ist, indem der Mensch den Gedanken erlebt, entsteht sowenig durch das Gehirn, wie durch den Spiegel das Bild des Gesichtes produziert wird. Das Gehirn wirkt in der Tat nur als Reflektionsapparat, damit es die Seelentätigkeit zurückwirft und diese sich selber sichtbar wird. Mit dem, was der Mensch als Gedanken wahrnimmt, hat wirklich das Gehirn so wenig zu tun, wie der Spiegel mit Ihrem Gesicht zu tun hat, wenn Sie Ihr Gesicht im Spiegel sehen.
Aber etwas anderes ist vorhanden. Der Mensch nimmt, indem er denkt, eigentlich nur die letzte Phase seiner denkerischen Tätigkeit, seines denkerischen Erlebens wahr. Um das klarzumachen, möchte ich wiederum den Spiegelvergleich nehmen. Denken Sie sich einmal, Sie würden sich hinstellen und Ihr Gesicht in einem Spiegel sehen wollen. Wenn Sie keinen Spiegel da haben, können Sie Ihr Gesicht nicht sehen. Sie können noch so lange hinstarren, Ihr Gesicht sehen Sie nicht. Wollen Sie es sehen, so müssen Sie irgend etwas, was an Materie daliegt, so bearbeiten, daß es ein Spiegel wird. Das heißt, Sie müssen es erst zubereiten, damit es das Spiegelbild hervorbringen kann. Wenn Sie das getan haben und dann hineinschauen, sehen Sie Ihr Gesicht. - Dasselbe muß die Seele machen mit dem Gehirn, was ein Mensch mit dem Spiegel machen würde. Es geht der eigentlichen denkerischen Tätigkeit der Wahrnehmung des Gedankens eine solche Tätigkeit voraus, die, wenn Sie zum Beispiel den Gedanken «Löwe» wahrnehmen wollen, erst tief drinnen die Teile des Gehirns so in Bewegung versetzt, daß diese Spiegel werden für die Wahrnehmung des Gedankens «Löwe». Und der, welcher das Gehirn erst zum Spiegel macht, das sind Sie selber. Was Sie als Gedanken zuletzt wahrnehmen, das sind Spiegelbilder; was Sie erst präparieren müssen, damit das betreffende Spiegelbild erscheint, das ist irgendeine Partie des Gehirnes. Sie sind es selbst mit Ihrer Seelentätigkeit, der das Gehirn in diejenige Struktur und in die Fähigkeit bringt, um das, was Sie denken, als Gedanke spiegeln zu können. Wollen Sie auf die Tätigkeit zurückgehen, die dem Denken zugrunde liegt, so ist es die Tätigkeit, die von der Seele aus ins Gehirn eingreift und sich im Gehirn betätigt. Und wenn Sie eine gewisse Tätigkeit von der Seele aus im Gehirn verrichten, dann wird eine solche Spiegelung im Gehirn bewirkt, daß Sie den Gedanken «Löwe» wahrnehmen. - Sie sehen, ein Geistig-Seelisches muß erst da sein. Das muß am Gehirn arbeiten. Dann wird das Gehirn durch diese geistig-seelische Tätigkeit zum Spiegelapparat, um den Gedanken zurückzuspiegeln. Das ist der wirkliche Vorgang, der sich für so viele Leute der Gegenwart so konfundiert, daß sie ihn überhaupt nicht fassen können.
Wer im okkulten Wahrnehmen ein wenig vordringt, kann die beiden Phasen seelischer Tätigkeit auseinanderhalten. Er kann verfolgen, wie er zuerst, wenn er irgend etwas denken will, notwendig hat, nicht bloß den Gedanken zu fassen, sondern ihn vorzubereiten; das heißt, er hat sein Gehirn zu präparieren. Hat er es präpariert soweit, daß es spiegelt, dann hat er den Gedanken. Man hat immer, wenn man okkult forschen will, so daß man die Dinge vorstellen kann, zuerst die Aufgabe, nicht gleich vorzustellen, sondern erst die Tätigkeit auszuüben, die das Vorstellen vorbereitet. Das ist es, was so außerordentlich wichtig zu berücksichtigen ist. Diese Dinge müssen wir deshalb ins Auge fassen, weil wir jetzt erst, wenn wir sie ins Auge fassen, die wirkliche Wirksamkeit des menschlichen Gedankens vor uns haben. Jetzt wissen wir erst, wie die menschliche Denkertätigkeit arbeitet. Zuerst ergreift diese Denkertätigkeit das Gehirn, respektive das Zentralnervensystem irgendwo, übt eine Tätigkeit aus, bewegt, sagen wir, meinetwillen, die atomistischen Teile in irgendeiner Weise, bringt sie in irgendwelche Bewegungen. Dadurch werden sie zum Spiegelapparat, und der Gedanke wird reflektiert und der Seele als solcher Gedanke bewußt. Wir haben also zwei Phasen zu unterscheiden: erst vom Geistig-Seelischen aus die Gehirnarbeit; dann kommt die Wahrnehmung zustande, nachdem für diese Wahrnehmung durch die Seele die vorbereitende Gehirnarbeit getan ist. Beim gewöhnlichen Menschen bleibt die Gehirnarbeit ganz im Unterbewußten; er nimmt nur die Spiegelung wahr. Beim okkult forschenden Menschen ist wirklich das vorhanden, daß man zunächst die Vorbereitung erleben muß. Man muß erleben, wie man die Seelentätigkeit hineingießen muß und das Gehirn erst zubereiten muß, damit es sich herbeiläßt, einem den Gedanken vorzustellen.
Was ich jetzt auseinandergesetzt habe, geschieht beim Menschen fortwährend zwischen Aufwachen und Einschlafen. Immer arbeitet die denkerische Tätigkeit am Gehirn und macht so für den ganzen Wachzustand das Gehirn zum Spiegelapparat für die Gedanken. Aber es genügt nicht, daß in uns nur das durch Gedankentätigkeit bearbeitet wird, was wir so selbst bearbeiten. Denn das ist, man möchte sagen, eine engbegrenzte Tätigkeit, die da durch das GeistigSeelische ausgeübt wird. Wenn wir des Morgens aufwachen, den Tag über wachen, abends wieder einschlafen, so besteht die geistigseelische Tätigkeit, die zum Denken gehört, darin, daß diese Tätigkeit den ganzen Tag über am Gehirn arbeitet und daß dadurch das Gehirn zum Spiegelapparat wird. Aber das Gehirn muß zunächst da sein; dann kann die geistig-seelische Tätigkeit eingraben ihre kleinen Eingrabungen, man möchte sagen, ihre Notizen und Gravierungen ins Gehirn eintragen. Das Gehirn muß also in seiner Hauptform, in seiner Hauptmasse da sein. Aber das genügt nicht für unser Menschenleben.
Unser Gehirn könnte nicht von der alltäglichen Lebensarbeit bearbeitet werden, wenn nicht unser ganzer Organismus so zubereitet wäre, daß er eine Grundlage wäre für die Alltagsarbeit. Und diese Arbeit, die dem Menschen seinen Organismus zubereitet, geschieht aus dem Kosmos heraus. So wie wir alltäglich vom Aufwachen bis zum Einschlafen an der - trivial gesagt — Durchgravierung des Gehirns arbeiten, was es zum Spiegelungsapparat für die alltäglichen Gedanken macht, so muß, wo wir nicht selber gravieren, das heißt, uns Form geben können, vom Kosmos herein uns Form gegeben werden. So wie unsere kleinen Gedanken arbeiten im Gehirn und ihre kleinen Eingravierungen machen, so muß unser ganzer Organismus vom Kosmos herein nach demselben Muster gedanklicher Tätigkeit aufgebaut werden. Und er wird das, weil dasselbe, was in uns an den kleinen Eingravierungen arbeitet, im Kosmos vorhanden ist, diesen Kosmos als Gedankentätigkeit durchwellend und durchwebend. Was uns zum Beispiel zuletzt erscheint an Ideen, was wir haben als Idealismus, das ist als die den Idealismus bewirkende Tätigkeit im geistigen Kosmos vorhanden und kann auf einen Menschen so wirken, daß sie seinen ganzen Organismus so zubereitet, daß er eben zum Idealismus hinneigt. Ebenso werden die anderen Nuancen in den Stimmungen und Zeichen aus dem geistigen Kosmos in den Menschen hereingearbeitet.
Der Mensch ist nach den Gedanken des Kosmos aufgebaut. Der Kosmos ist der große Denker, der bis zum letzten Fingernagel so unsere Form in uns eingraviert, wie unsere kleine Gedankenarbeit die kleinen Eingravierungen ins Gehirn während des Alltages macht. Wie unser Gehirn - das heißt nur in bezug auf die kleinen Partien, wo Eingravierungen geschehen können — unter dem Einflusse der Gedankenarbeit steht, so steht unser ganzer Mensch unter dem Einfluß der kosmischen Gedankenarbeit.
Was heißt das? - Für das, was ich hier als ein Beispiel an Nietzsche vorgeführt habe, heißt es: Unter dem Einfluß des Kosmos war Nietzsche durch seine frühere Inkarnation in seinem Karma so vorbereitet, daß in einem bestimmten Zeitpunkte vermöge seiner früheren Inkarnation die Kräfte des Idealismus und der Mystik - die zusammenwirkten, weil Mystik im Zeichen des Idealismus stand — auf seine ganze Körperkonstitution so wirkten, daß er zunächst fähig war, mystischer Idealist zu werden. Dann änderte sich die Konstellation in der angedeuteten Weise.
Wir werden aus dem Kosmos heraus gedacht. Der Kosmos denkt uns. Und wie wir in unserer kleinen Alltagsgedankenarbeit kleine Eingravierungen in unser Gehirn machen und dann die Vorstellungen Löwe, Hund, Tisch, Rose, Buch, auf, ab, links, rechts uns zum Bewußtsein kommen als die Spiegelungen dessen, was wir vorher im Gehirn präparieren — das heißt, wie wir dutch die Bearbeitung des Gehirns zuletzt wahrnehmen Löwe, Hund, Tisch, Rose, Buch, auf, ab, schreiben, lesen -, so wirken die Wesen der Weltenhierarchien in der Weise, daß sie die große denkerische Tätigkeit verrichten, die Bedeutsameres in der Welt eingraviert als wir mit unserer alltäglichen Denkertätigkeit. So kommt es denn zustande, daß nicht nur die kleinen winzigen Eingravierungen entstehen, die dann als unsere Gedanken sich einzeln spiegeln, sondern daß wir selbst es sind in unserem ganzen Wesen, was wieder den Wesen der höheren Hierarchien als ihre Gedanken erscheint. Wie unsere kleinen Gehirnptozesse unsere kleinen Gedanken spiegeln, so spiegeln wir, indem in die Welt eingraviert wird, die Gedanken des Kosmos. Indem die Hierarchien des Kosmos denken, denken sie zum Beispiel uns Menschen. Wie von unseren kleinen Gehirnpartikelchen unsere kleinen Gedanken kommen, so kommen von dem, was die Hierarchien machen und wozu wir selber gehören, ihre Gedanken. Wie die Teile in unserem Gehirn für uns die Spiegelungsapparate sind, die wir erst für unsere Gedanken bearbeiten, so sind wir, wir kleine Wesen, dasjenige, was sich für ihre Gedanken die Hierarchien des Kosmos zubereiten. Also in einer gewissen Beziehung können wir sagen: Wir können uns dem Kosmos gegenüber so fühlen, wie sich eine kleine Partie unseres Gehirns gegenüber uns selber fühlen könnte. Sowenig wir aber geistig-seelisch das sind, was unser Gehirn ist, so wenig sind natürlich die Wesenheiten der geistigen Hierarchien «wir». Daher sind wir selbständig gegenüber den Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien. Und wir können sagen: In gewisser Weise dienen wir ihnen, damit sie durch uns denken können; wir sind aber zugleich selbständige Wesenheiten, die ihr Eigensein in sich haben, wie sogar in gewisser Weise die Partikel unseres Gehirns ihr Eigenleben haben.
So finden wir den Zusammenhang zwischen dem menschlichen und dem kosmischen Gedanken. Der menschliche Gedanke ist der Regent des Gehirns; der kosmische Gedanke ist ein solcher Regent, daß zu dem, was er auszuführen hat, wir selber mit unserem ganzen Wesen gehören. Nur müssen wir, weil er vermöge unseres Karma nicht immer alle seine Gedanken in gleicher Art auf uns wenden kann, nach seiner Logik aufgebaut werden. So haben wir Menschen eine Logik, nach der wir denken, und so haben auch die geistigen Hierarchien des Kosmos ihre Logik. Und ihre Logik besteht in dem, was wir als Schema aufgezeichnet haben (Seite 69). Wie wir zum Beispiel, wenn wir denken, «der Löwe ist ein Säugetier», zwei Begriffe zusammenbringen zu einem Utteil, so denken die geistigen Hierarchien des Kosmos zwei Dinge zusammen, Mystik und Idealismus: Mystik erscheine im Idealismus. Denken Sie sich dieses zunächst als vorbereitende Tätigkeit des Kosmos: Mystik erscheine im Idealismus - so erklingt das schöpferische «fiat», das schöpferische Wort. Die vorbereitende Tat besteht für die Wesen der geistigen Hierarchien darin, daß ein Mensch ergriffen wird, dessen Karma es entspricht, daß sich in ihm die Anlage ausbildet, ein mystischer Idealist zu werden. Zurückgestrahlt in die Hierarchien des Kosmos ist das, was wir für uns einen Gedanken nennen würden, für sie der Ausdruck eines Menschen, der mystischer Idealist ist, der iht Gedanke ist, nachdem sie sich das kosmische Urteil vorbereitet haben: Mystik erscheine im Idealismus!
Wir haben gewissermaßen das Innere des kosmischen Wortes aufgezeichnet, des kosmischen Denkens. Was wir in einem Schema aufgezeichnet haben als kosmische Logik, das stellt uns dar, wie gedacht wird von den geistigen Hierarchien des Kosmos, zum Beispiel: Empitismus erscheine im Zeichen des Rationalismus! — und so weiter. Versuchen wir uns einmal zu vergegenwärtigen, was auf diese Weise im Kosmos gedacht werden kann. Es kann gedacht werden: Es erscheine Mystik im Zeichen des Idealismus! Sie wandle sich! Es werde Empirismus im Zeichen des Rationalismus! — Widerstand! Was weiter kommen würde, würde ein falsches kosmisches Urteil sein. Der Gedanke wird umgelenkt - wir haben ein korrigiertes «falsches Denken», wie wir einen Gedanken verifizieren. Es muß erscheinen der dritte Standpunkt: Voluntarismus im Zeichen des Dynamismus. Das Ergebnis dieser durch die Zeiten in den kosmischen Welten gesprochenen drei Urteile erscheint in dem Menschen «Nietzsche». Und er strahlt zurück als der Gedanke des Kosmos.
So spricht die Summe der geistigen Hierarchien im Kosmos. Und unsere menschliche Gedankentätigkeit ist ein Abbild, ein kleines Abbild davon. Welten verhalten sich zum Geiste oder zu den Geistern des Kosmos, wie sich unser Gehirn zu unserer Seele verhält. So können wir hineinblicken in das, was wir allerdings nur mit einer gewissen Ehrfurcht, mit einer heiligen Scheu anschauen sollten. Denn wir stehen gewissermaßen mit einer solchen Sache vor den Geheimnissen der Menschenindividualitäten. Wir lernen begreifen, daß - wenn ich mich bildlich ausdrücken darf - die Augen der Wesen der höheren Hierarchien hinschweifen über die einzelnen Menschenindividualitäten und daß ihnen die Individualitäten das sind, was uns die individuellen Buchstaben eines Buches sind, in dem wir lesen. Das ist das, was wir nur mit einer heiligen Scheu anschauen dürfen. Wir belauschen die Gedankentätigkeit des Kosmos.
Es muß in unserer Zeit der Schleier eines solchen Geheimnisses bis zu einem gewissen Grade gelüftet werden. Denn die Gesetze, die hier als die Gesetze der Gedanken des Kosmos aufgezeigt worden sind, sie sind tätig im Menschen. Und ihre Erkenntnis kann in uns bewirken, daß wir das Leben verstehen und daß wir, verstehend dieses Leben, uns selbst verstehen lernen, so verstehen lernen, daß wir wissen, auch wenn wir in einer gewissen Weise durch das oder jenes einseitig ins Leben hineingestellt werden müssen: Wir gehören einem großen Ganzen an, denn wir sind Glieder in der Denkerlogik des Kosmos. Und zu durchschauen diese Verhältnisse, dazu leitet uns dann die Geisteswissenschaft an, die uns damit eine Anweisung gibt, um ebensosehr unsere Einseitigkeit bezüglich unserer Anlagen zu verstehen, als uns dutch die Erkenntnisse der Geisteswissenschaft allseitiget zu machen. Dann werden wir die Stimmung finden, die gerade in unserer Zeit notwendig ist.
In unserer Zeit, wo bei vielen der tonangebenden Geister auch nicht eine Spur vorhanden ist von einer Einsicht in die Verhältnisse, die hier berührt worden sind, erleben wir es, daß die Menschen dennoch unter diesen Verhältnissen stehen, aber nicht zu leben wissen unter diesen Verhältnissen. Dadurch aber bewirken sie etwas, was einen Ausgleich notwendig macht. Nehmen Sie einmal das Beispiel von Wundt, das ich Ihnen gestern vorgetragen habe. Seine Einseitigkeit wird durch eine ganz bestimmte Konstellation bewirkt. Nehmen wir an, daß Wundt sich jemals zum Verständnis der Geisteswissenschaft durchringen könnte; dann würde er seine Einseitigkeit so fassen, daß er sich sagen würde: Nun, dadurch, daß ich mit dem Empirismus dastehe und so weiter, dadurch bin ich imstande, auf gewissen Gebieten Gutes zu arbeiten. Ich bleibe auf diesen Gebieten und ergänze das übrige durch die Geisteswissenschaft. - Zu einem solchen Urteil würde er kommen. Er will aber von der Geisteswissenschaft nichts wissen. Was tut er deshalb? Während er Gutes leisten könnte, produktiv in der Konstellation, die gerade seine eigene ist, macht Wundt das, was er vermöge dieser Konstellation leisten kann, zur Gesamtphilosophie, während er sonst wahrscheinlich noch Größeres, weit Größeres, ja, dann erst Nützliches leisten könnte, wenn er das Philosophieren sein ließe und über Seelenerscheinungen experimentieren würde — was er versteht - und die Natur der mathematischen Urteile untersuchen würde - was er auch versteht -, anstatt es zu allerlei Philosophie zusammenzubrauen; denn dann würde er im richtigen Geleise sein.
Das aber muß von vielen gesagt werden. Daher muß die Geisteswissenschaft, geradeso wie sie die Gesinnung hervorrufen muß, zu erkennen, wie Friede zwischen den Weltanschauungen bestehen soll, auf der anderen Seite scharf hinweisen auf die Überschreitung desjenigen, was notwendig ist durch Einhalten der Konstellation durch die Persönlichkeiten der Gegenwart, die dadurch großen Schaden anrichten, daß sie die Welt suggestiv beeinflussen mit Urteilen, die gefällt sind, ohne daß auf ihre Konstellation dabei Rücksicht genommen worden ist. Scharf zurückgewiesen werden müssen die Einseitigkeiten, die sich als Ganzes geltend machen wollen. Die Welt läßt sich nicht erklären durch einen Menschen, der Anlagen hat für das eine oder das andere. Und wenn er sie dadurch erklären will und eine Philosophie begründen will, dann bewirkt diese Philosophie Ungünstiges, und es erwächst der Geisteswissenschaft die Aufgabe, die hochmütigen Prätentionen dieser Einseitigkeit zurückzuweisen, die sich als ein Ganzes in der Welt aufspielt. Je weniger in unserer Zeit Sinn und Gesinnung für die Geisteswissenschaft vorhanden ist, desto stärker muß die charakterisierte Einseitigkeit hervortreten.
Wir sehen daher, daß gerade die Erkenntnis vom Wesen des menschlichen und kosmischen Gedankens uns dahin führen kann, recht die Bedeutung und die Aufgabe der Geisteswissenschaft in unserer Zeit einzusehen und das in ihr einzusehen, was sie in das rechte Verhältnis bringen kann zu anderen sogenannten Geistesströmungen, namentlich philosophischen Strömungen, in unserer Zeit. Wünschenswert wäre es, daß gerade Erkenntnisse der Art, wie wir sie in diesen Vorträgen an uns heranzubringen versuchten, sich recht tief in die Herzen und Seelen unserer Freunde einschrieben, damit der Gang der anthroposophischen Geistesströmung durch die Welt ein solcher werde, daß eine ganz bestimmte, echte Richtung eingeschlagen werde. Man wird dann immer mehr und mehr erkennen, wenn man solches berücksichtigt, wie der Mensch durch das, was als kosmische Gedanken in ihm lebt, geformt wird.
Tiefer noch erscheint uns, als er sonst erscheinen könnte, gerade durch eine solche Darlegung ein Gedanke wie der Fichtes, der da sagt: Was für eine Philosophie einer hat, das hängt davon ab, was er für ein Mensch ist. Ja, wahrhaftig, was einer für eine Philosophie hat, das hängt davon ab, was er für ein Mensch ist! Daß Fichte in der ersten Zeit seiner damaligen Inkarnation, in der er als Fichte lebte, als den Grundnerv seiner Weltanschauung aussprechen konnte: «Unsere Welt ist das versinnlichte Material unserer Pflicht», das zeigt ebenso wie das obige Wort, das er später ausgesprochen hat, wie seine Seele ihre Konstellation im geistigen Kosmos verändert hat, das heißt, wie reich diese Seele gestaltet war, so daß die geistigen Hierarchien sie umformen konnten, um durch sie verschiedenes zu denken für sich. Ähnliches könnte zum Beispiel für Nietzsche gesagt werden.
Mancherlei Aspekte der Weltbetrachtung treten auf, gerade wenn man solches, wie es in diesen vier Vorträgen charakterisiert worden ist, sich vor die Seele hält. Das Beste, was wir dabei gewinnen können, ist allerdings, daß wir durch solche Dinge immer tiefer und tiefer in das geistige Gefüge der Welt hineinschauen, auch fühlend und empfindend hineinschauen. Wenn nur eines durch einen solchen Vortragszyklus erreicht werden könnte, daß möglichst viele Ihrer Seelen sich sagten: Ja, man muß, wenn man in die geistige Welt, das heißt in die Welt der Wahrheit und nicht in die Welt des Irrtums, eintauchen will, sich wirklich einmal auf den Weg begeben! Denn vieles, vieles muß auf diesem Wege berücksichtigt werden, um zu den Quellen der Wahrheit zu kommen. Und wenn es mir anfangs auch so scheinen könnte, als ob da oder dort ein Widerspruch auftauchte, daß ich da oder dort dieses oder jenes nicht verstehen könnte, so will ich mir doch sagen, daß ja doch die Welt nicht dazu da ist, um für jede Lage des menschlichen Verstehens begreiflich zu sein, und daß ich lieber ein Sucher werden will als ein Mensch, der sich immer nur so zur Welt stellt, daß er darnach fragt: Was kann ich begreifen? Was kann ich nicht begreifen? - Wird man ein Sucher, begibt man sich ernsthaft auf den Weg des Suchens, so lernt man erkennen, daß man von den verschiedensten Seiten die Impulse zusammentragen muß, um einiges Verständnis für die Welt zu gewinnen. Dann verlernt man ganz und gar jene Art, die sich so zur Welt stellen will wie: Verstehe ich das? Verstehe ich das nicht? sondern man sucht und sucht und sucht weiter. Die schlimmsten Feinde der Wahrheit sind die abgeschlossenen und nach Abschluß trachtenden Weltanschauungen, die ein paar Gedanken hinzimmern wollen und glauben, ein Weltgebäude mit ein paar Gedanken aufbauen zu dürfen.
Die Welt ist ein Unendliches, qualitativ und quantitativ. Und ein Segen wird es sein, wenn sich einzelne Seelen finden, die klar sehen wollen gerade in bezug auf das, was in unserer Zeit so furchtbar auftritt an sich überhebender Einseitigkeit, die ein Ganzes sein will. Ich möchte sagen, mit blutendem Herzen spreche ich es aus: Das größte Hindernis für eine Erkenntnis der Tatsache, wie eine vorbereitende Arbeit der denkerischen Tätigkeit im Gehirn geübt wird, wie das Gehirn dadurch zum Spiegel gemacht wird und das Seelenleben zurückstrahlt - eine Tatsache, deren Erkenntnis unendliches Licht auf viele andere physiologische Erkenntnisse werfen könnte -, das größte Hindernis für die Erkenntnis dieser Tatsache ist die wahnsinnig gewordene Physiologie der Gegenwart, welche da von zweierlei Nerven spricht, von den motorischen und den sensitiven Nerven. Ich habe auch diese Sache schon in manchen Vorträgen berührt. Um diese überall in der Physiologie herumspukende Lehre hervorzubringen, mußte tatsächlich die Physiologie vorher allen Verstand verlieren. Dennoch ist das heute eine über die ganze Erde hin anerkannte Lehre, die sich jeder wahren Erkenntnis von der Natur des Gedankens und der Natur der Seele hindernd in den Weg legt. Niemals wird der menschliche Gedanke erkannt werden können, wenn die Physiologie ein solches Hindernis der Erkenntnis des Gedankens bildet. Wir haben es aber so weit gebracht, daß eine haltlose Physiologie heute jedes Lehrbuch der Psychologie, der Seelenkunde, eröffnet und von sich abhängig macht. Damit versperrt man sich zugleich den Weg zur Erkenntnis des kosmischen Gedankens.
Was der Gedanke im Kosmos ist, das lernt man erst erkennen, wenn man erfühlt, was der Gedanke im Menschen ist, wenn man sich in der Wahrheit dieses Gedankens fühlt, der als Gedanke mit dem Gehirn nichts anderes zu tun hat, als daß er selber der Herr dieses Gehirnes ist. Aber wenn man also den Gedanken in seiner Wesenheit in sich selber als menschlichen Gedanken erkannt hat, dann fühlt man sich schon mit diesem Gedanken im Kosmischen darinnen, und unsere Erkenntnis von der wahren Natur des menschlichen Gedankens weitet sich aus auch zur Erkenntnis der wahren Natur des kosmischen Gedankens. Wenn wir richtig erkennen lernen, wie wir denken, dann lernen wir auch erkennen, wie wir von den Mächten des Kosmos gedacht werden. Ja, wir gewinnen sogar die Möglichkeit, einen Blick in die Logik der Hierarchien hinein zu tun. Die einzelnen Bestandteile der Urteile der Hierarchien, die Begriffe der Hierarchien, ich habe sie Ihnen hingeschrieben. In den zwölf Geistes-Tierkreiszeichen, in den sieben Weltanschauungsstimmungen und so weiter liegen die Begriffe der Hierarchien. Und das, was die Menschen sind, sind Urteile des Kosmos, die aus diesen Begriffen hervorgehen. So fühlen wir uns in der Logik des Kosmos, das heißt, real gefaßt, in der Logik der Hierarchien des Kosmos darinnen, fühlen uns als Seelen in kosmischen Gedanken gebettet, wie wir den kleinen Gedanken, den wir denken, in unserem Seelenleben gebettet fühlen.
Meditieren Sie einmal über die Idee: «Ich denke meine Gedanken. - Und ich bin ein Gedanke, der von den Hierarchien des Kosmos gedacht wird. Mein Ewiges besteht darin, daß das Denken der Hierarchien ein Ewiges ist. Und wenn ich einmal von einer Kategorie der Hierarchien ausgedacht bin, dann werde ich übergeben - wie der Gedanke des Menschen vom Lehrer an den Schüler übergeben wird von einer Kategorie an die andere, damit diese mich in meinem ewigen, wahren Wesen weiter denke. So fühle ich mich drinnen in der Gedankenwelt des Kosmos.» Damit ist dieser kurze Zyklus von Vorträgen abgeschlossen.
Fourth Lecture
We have dealt with the possible nuances of worldview, worldview moods, and so on, which can take hold in the human soul, and since I can really only highlight individual aspects of this broad topic, I would like to highlight one of these aspects with a specific example.
Let us assume that a person lives in the world in such a way that he has within himself the special powers that determine him to be influenced by the worldview nuance of idealism. I mean to say that he allows the worldview of idealism to take effect within himself. Let us assume that he makes it a dominant factor in his inner life by allowing the worldview I described yesterday as mysticism, as the mood of Venus, to point toward idealism and be nourished by its forces. Therefore, if one wanted to use the symbols of astrology, one would say that the spiritual constellation of such a person in his spiritual disposition is that Venus is in Aries.
I expressly note, so that no misunderstanding arises, that these constellations are indeed much more significant in human life than the constellations of the external horoscope, but that they do not coincide with the “nativity,” the external horoscope. For it is so that the increased influence exerted on a human soul by mysticism standing in the sign of idealism waits for the favorable moment when it can seize the soul so that it brings out most strongly what can come out through mysticism standing in the sign of idealism. It is not necessary that these influences, which assert themselves through mysticism standing in the sign of idealism, assert themselves precisely at birth; they can assert themselves before birth, or even afterwards. In short, the moment is awaited when, according to the inner organic configuration of the human being, these predispositions can best be integrated into the human organism.
So ordinary astrological nativity does not come into consideration here. But one can say that a certain soul has such a predisposition that, spiritually speaking, Venus is in Aries, mysticism in the sign of idealism. Now, the forces that arise in this way do not remain throughout life. They change, that is, the human being comes under other influences, under other spiritual signs of the zodiac and also under other soul moods. Let us assume that a human being changes in such a way that in the course of his life he enters into the soul mood of empiricism, that mysticism has, as it were, progressed to empiricism, and that empiricism stands in the sign of rationalism.
As I recorded yesterday, from the inside out, empiricism follows mysticism in the symbolic image like the sun follows Venus. The soul has progressed toward empiricism in terms of mood and has at the same time placed itself under the sign of rationalism. In the life of the soul, this is expressed in such a way that such a soul changes its worldview. What it has produced, perhaps especially if it was a particularly powerful personality at a time when mysticism was in the sign of idealism, will change it, causing it to shift to a different worldview. It will assert and say different things when the worldview mood of mysticism has shifted to empiricism in this way and the latter has placed itself in the sign of rationalism. But from what I have just explained, you can also see that human souls can have a tendency to change the signs and mood of their worldview. For “this” soul, the tendency toward change is already indicated, so to speak. Let us assume that it wants to continue this tendency in life. It wants to advance from empiricism to the next mood of the soul, to voluntarism. And if it were to advance in this way in the signs of the zodiac, it would enter into mathematicism. It would then transition to a worldview that, in this symbolic image, deviates at a 60-degree angle from the first line, where mysticism stood in the sign of idealism. And such a soul would then, in the course of the same incarnation, express a mathematical world structure permeated by will and based on will. That is what it would express.

But one thing becomes apparent here — and I ask you to note this — it becomes apparent that two such constellations that are present in the soul over the course of time interfere with each other and have an unfavorable influence when they are positioned so that they form an angle of 60 degrees. In physical astrology, this is a favorable constellation, but in spiritual astrology, this so-called sextile position is unfavorable. This is expressed in the fact that this last position — voluntarism in mathematicism — encounters a sharp obstacle in the soul, so that it cannot develop because it finds no points of attack, since the person concerned shows no aptitude for mathematics. The unfavorable nature of the sextile position is expressed in the fact that there are no mathematical predispositions whatsoever. This position cannot therefore develop: voluntarism in the sign of mathematicism. The consequence of this is that no attempt is made to advance the soul mood in this way. But because the soul in question cannot now take this path to voluntarism in mathematicism, it abandons the position it now holds—empiricism in rationalism—and seeks a way out, placing itself in opposition to the direction it can still follow. Such a soul would therefore not advance toward voluntarism as indicated by the dotted line in the diagram, but would place itself in opposition to its empiricism in rationalism with voluntarism.

This would occur under the sign of dynamism. Voluntarism would stand in opposition to rationalism under the sign of dynamism. And in the course of its life, such a soul would have the constellation available to it of representing a worldview based on a special penetration of forces, of dynamism into the world, permeated by will; will—will imbued with power. In spiritual astrology, it is again different from physical astrology; in physical astrology, opposition has a completely different meaning than in spiritual astrology. Here, opposition is brought about by the soul being unable to continue on a path that is unfavorable; it swings into the position of opposition.
I have recorded here what Nietzsche's soul went through in the course of his life. Try to understand the path in his early works, and it will become clear through the position of mysticism in the sign of idealism. From this period come The Birth of Tragedy and Untimely Meditations in its four parts: “David Strauss, the Confessor and the Writer,” “On the Use and Disadvantage of History for Life,” “Schopenhauer as Educator,” and “Richard Wagner in Bayreuth.” This is mysticism under the sign of idealism. Then the soul pushes forward. A second epoch begins. This is when “Human, All Too Human,” “Dawn,” and “The Gay Science” were written. Here, empiricism stands under the sign of rationalism. The third period, which emerged from opposition, consists of writings based on the will to power, on the will imbued with strength and power: Beyond Good and Evil, On the Genealogy of Morals, The Case of Wagner, Götzendämmerung, The Antichrist, Thus Spoke Zarathustra.
So you see how there is an inner law between the spiritual cosmos and the way human beings stand within this spiritual cosmos. Using the symbols of astrology, which now have a different meaning, one could say that In Nietzsche's case, Venus appeared in Aries at a certain time in his life, but when this constellation passed over to the Sun in the sign of Taurus, he could not progress, he could not enter the sign of Gemini with Mars, but instead moved into opposition, that is, with Mars in the sign of Scorpio. His last philosophical phase is characterized by Mars being in the sign of Scorpio. However, this constellation can only be endured – namely, when one penetrates into the lower positions, below the line of idealism-realism (see the diagram on page 69) – when one immerses oneself in a spiritual worldview, occultism or the like; otherwise, these constellations must have an unfavorable effect on the person themselves. Hence the tragic fate of Nietzsche. The upper constellations can be endured if one is able to place oneself in the world in an appropriate manner through external circumstances. What lies below the line that runs from idealism to realism can only be endured if one immerses oneself in spiritual science, which Nietzsche was unable to do. By “placing oneself in the world” I mean everything that can be achieved, for example, through education or external living conditions; these come into consideration for everything that lies above the idealism-realism line. A meditative life, a life of study and understanding of spiritual science, can be considered for everything that lies below the line of idealism-realism.
In order to understand the significance of what has been outlined here in these lectures, one must know the following. One must realize what thought actually is in human experience, how thought enters into human experience.
The crude materialist of our time finds it in accordance with his intentions to say that the brain forms thought, or that the central nervous system forms thought. For those who see through things, this is just as true as it would be to think that when you look into a mirror, the mirror has made the face you see. But it does not make the face you see; the face is outside the mirror. The mirror only reflects the face, throws it back. I have repeatedly discussed this in public lectures. It is very similar with what humans experience in their thoughts. Let us now disregard other contents of the soul. The thought experience that is active and real in the soul, in that humans experience thoughts, arises no more from the brain than the image of the face is produced by the mirror. The brain actually functions only as a reflecting apparatus, so that it reflects back the soul's activity and makes it visible to itself. What a person perceives as thoughts has as little to do with the brain as the mirror has to do with your face when you see your face in the mirror.
But something else is present. When humans think, they actually perceive only the final phase of their thinking activity, their thinking experience. To make this clear, I would like to use the mirror comparison again. Imagine that you are standing there and want to see your face in a mirror. If you don't have a mirror, you can't see your face. You can stare at it for as long as you like, but you won't see your face. If you want to see it, you have to manipulate something material in such a way that it becomes a mirror. In other words, you first have to prepare it so that it can produce a reflection. Once you have done that and then look into it, you see your face. The soul must do with the brain what a person would do with a mirror. The actual intellectual activity of perceiving a thought is preceded by an activity which, if you want to perceive the thought “lion,” for example, first sets the parts of the brain deep inside in motion so that they become mirrors for the perception of the thought “lion.” And the one who first makes the brain a mirror is you yourself. What you ultimately perceive as thoughts are mirror images; what you first have to prepare in order for the relevant mirror image to appear is some part of the brain. It is you yourself, with your soul activity, who brings the brain into the structure and capacity to be able to mirror what you think as thoughts. If you want to go back to the activity that underlies thinking, it is the activity that intervenes in the brain from the soul and is active in the brain. And when you perform a certain activity from the soul in the brain, this causes a reflection in the brain that makes you perceive the thought “lion.” You see, something spiritual and soul-like must first be there. It must work on the brain. Then, through this spiritual-soul activity, the brain becomes a mirror apparatus for reflecting back the thought. This is the real process that is so confusing to so many people today that they cannot grasp it at all.
Anyone who makes a little progress in occult perception can distinguish between the two phases of soul activity. They can follow how, when they want to think something, they first need not only to grasp the thought, but also to prepare it; that is, they have to prepare their brain. Once they have prepared it to the point where it reflects, then they have the thought. Whenever one wants to investigate occult phenomena in such a way that one can imagine things, one must first perform the activity that prepares the imagination, rather than imagining things immediately. This is what is so extremely important to bear in mind. We must consider these things because only then, when we consider them, do we have before us the real effectiveness of human thought. Only now do we know how human thinking works. First, this thinking activity takes hold of the brain, or rather the central nervous system somewhere, performs an activity, moves, let us say, the atomistic parts in some way, sets them in motion. This turns them into a mirror apparatus, and the thought is reflected and becomes conscious to the soul as such a thought. So we have to distinguish between two phases: first, the work of the brain originating from the spiritual-soul realm; then perception comes about after the preparatory work of the brain has been done by the soul for this perception. In ordinary human beings, the work of the brain remains entirely in the subconscious; they only perceive the reflection. In people who are engaged in occult research, it is really the case that one must first experience the preparation. One must experience how one must pour the soul activity into it and first prepare the brain so that it allows itself to present the thought to one.
What I have now explained happens continuously in human beings between waking and falling asleep. The thinking activity is always at work in the brain, thus making the brain a mirror apparatus for thoughts during the entire waking state. But it is not enough that only what we ourselves process through our thinking activity is processed within us. For that is, one might say, a narrowly limited activity exercised by the spiritual-soul. When we wake up in the morning, remain awake during the day, and fall asleep again in the evening, the spiritual-soul activity that belongs to thinking consists in this activity working on the brain throughout the day, thereby turning the brain into a mirror apparatus. But the brain must first be there; only then can the spiritual-soul activity dig its little trenches, so to speak, and enter its notes and engravings into the brain. The brain must therefore be there in its main form, in its main mass. But that is not enough for our human life.
Our brain could not be processed by everyday life if our entire organism were not prepared in such a way as to provide a foundation for everyday work. And this work, which prepares the human organism, comes from the cosmos. Just as we work every day from waking up to falling asleep on the—to put it trivially—engraving of the brain, which makes it a mirror for everyday thoughts, so, where we cannot engrave ourselves, that is, give ourselves form, we must be given form from the cosmos. Just as our little thoughts work in the brain and make their little engravings, so our whole organism must be built up from the cosmos according to the same pattern of mental activity. And it becomes so because the same thing that works in us in the little engravings is present in the cosmos, permeating and interweaving this cosmos as thought activity. What appears to us, for example, as our ultimate ideas, what we have as idealism, exists in the spiritual cosmos as the activity that brings about idealism and can have such an effect on a human being that it prepares his entire organism to incline toward idealism. In the same way, the other nuances in moods and signs are worked into human beings from the spiritual cosmos.
Human beings are structured according to the thoughts of the cosmos. The cosmos is the great thinker who engraves our form into us down to the last fingernail, just as our small thoughts engrave themselves into the brain during everyday life. Just as our brain—that is, only in relation to the small parts where engravings can take place—is under the influence of thought work, so our whole human being is under the influence of cosmic thought work.
What does that mean? - For what I have presented here as an example with Nietzsche, it means: Under the influence of the cosmos, Nietzsche was so prepared by his earlier incarnation in his karma that at a certain point in time, by virtue of his earlier incarnation, the forces of idealism and mysticism—which worked together because mysticism was under the sign of idealism—had such an effect on his entire physical constitution that he was initially able to become a mystical idealist. Then the constellation changed in the manner indicated.
We are thought out of the cosmos. The cosmos thinks us. And just as we make small engravings in our brains in our small everyday mental work and then the ideas lion, dog, table, rose, book, up, down, left, right come to our consciousness as reflections of what we have previously prepared in our brains — that is, just as we ultimately perceive the processing of the brain as lion, dog, table, rose, book, up, down, write, read — so the beings of the world hierarchies work in such a way that they perform the great thinking activity that engraves more significant things in the world than we do with our everyday thinking activity. Thus it comes about that not only do the tiny engravings arise, which are then reflected individually as our thoughts, but that we ourselves, in our entire being, appear again to the beings of the higher hierarchies as their thoughts. Just as our little brain processes reflect our little thoughts, so we, by being engraved in the world, reflect the thoughts of the cosmos. When the hierarchies of the cosmos think, they think, for example, us humans. Just as our small thoughts come from the small particles of our brain, so their thoughts come from what the hierarchies do and to which we ourselves belong. Just as the parts of our brain are the mirroring apparatus that we first process for our thoughts, so we, as small beings, are what the hierarchies of the cosmos prepare for their thoughts. So in a certain sense we can say: We can feel toward the cosmos as a small part of our brain might feel toward us. But just as we are not spiritually and emotionally what our brain is, so too are the beings of the spiritual hierarchies not “us.” Therefore, we are independent of the beings of the higher hierarchies. And we can say: In a certain sense, we serve them so that they can think through us; but at the same time, we are independent beings who have our own being within ourselves, just as, in a certain sense, the particles of our brain have their own life.
This is how we find the connection between human and cosmic thought. Human thought is the ruler of the brain; cosmic thought is a ruler of such a kind that we ourselves, with our whole being, belong to what it has to carry out. However, because it cannot always direct all its thoughts toward us in the same way due to our karma, we must be structured according to its logic. Thus, we humans have a logic according to which we think, and the spiritual hierarchies of the cosmos also have their logic. And their logic consists in what we have recorded as a diagram (page 69). For example, when we think, “The lion is a mammal,” we bring two concepts together into one concept, and in the same way, the spiritual hierarchies of the cosmos bring two things together, mysticism and idealism: mysticism appears in idealism. Think of this first as a preparatory activity of the cosmos: mysticism appears in idealism—thus sounds the creative “fiat,” the creative word. The preparatory act consists, for the beings of the spiritual hierarchies, in the fact that a human being is seized whose karma corresponds to the formation in him of the predisposition to become a mystical idealist. Reflected back into the hierarchies of the cosmos, what we would call a thought is for them the expression of a human being who is a mystical idealist, who is their thought after they have prepared the cosmic judgment: Mysticism appears in idealism!
We have, in a sense, recorded the inner workings of the cosmic word, of cosmic thinking. What we have recorded in a diagram as cosmic logic shows us how the spiritual hierarchies of the cosmos think, for example: Empiricism should appear under the sign of rationalism! — and so on. Let us try to imagine what can be thought in this way in the cosmos. It can be thought: Let mysticism appear under the sign of idealism! Let it change! Let empiricism appear under the sign of rationalism! — Resistance! What would come next would be a false cosmic judgment. The thought is redirected — we have a corrected “false thinking” as we verify a thought. The third point of view must appear: voluntarism under the sign of dynamism. The result of these three judgments spoken through the ages in the cosmic worlds appears in the human being “Nietzsche.” And he shines back as the thought of the cosmos.
Thus speaks the sum of the spiritual hierarchies in the cosmos. And our human thought activity is a reflection, a small reflection of this. Worlds relate to the spirit or spirits of the cosmos as our brain relates to our soul. Thus we can look into what we should, however, only view with a certain reverence, with a holy awe. For we stand, as it were, before the mysteries of human individualities. We learn to understand that—if I may express myself figuratively—the eyes of the beings of the higher hierarchies wander over the individual human personalities, and that these personalities are to them what the individual letters of a book are to us when we read. This is what we may only look upon with holy awe. We are listening to the thought activity of the cosmos.
In our time, the veil of such a mystery must be lifted to a certain extent. For the laws that have been shown here as the laws of the thoughts of the cosmos are active in human beings. And recognizing them can cause us to understand life and, understanding this life, to learn to understand ourselves, to understand in such a way that we know, even if we must in a certain sense be placed into life in a one-sided way through this or that: we belong to a great whole, for we are members of the thinking logic of the cosmos. Spiritual science guides us to see through these relationships, giving us instructions to understand our one-sidedness with regard to our predispositions and to make the insights of spiritual science our own in every respect. Then we will find the mood that is necessary in our time.In our time, when many of the leading minds do not have the slightest insight into the circumstances that have been touched upon here, we see that people nevertheless find themselves in these circumstances but do not know how to live under them. In doing so, however, they bring about something that makes compensation necessary. Take the example of Wundt that I gave you yesterday. His one-sidedness is caused by a very specific constellation. Let us assume that Wundt could ever bring himself to understand spiritual science; then he would understand his one-sidedness in such a way that he would say to himself: Well, because I stand with empiricism and so on, I am able to do good work in certain fields. I will remain in these fields and supplement the rest with spiritual science. He would come to such a conclusion. But he wants nothing to do with spiritual science. What does he do, therefore? While he could do good, be productive in the constellation that is his own, Wundt makes what he is able to achieve in this constellation into a complete philosophy, while he could probably achieve even greater, far greater, indeed, only then useful things if he gave up philosophizing and experimented with soul phenomena — which he understands — and investigated the nature of mathematical judgments — which he also understands — instead of concocting all kinds of philosophy; for then he would be on the right track.
But this must be said by many. Therefore, spiritual science, just as it must bring about the conviction that peace between worldviews is possible, must also sharply point out the transgression of what is necessary by the personalities of the present, who cause great harm by suggestively influencing the world with judgments that are pleasing without taking their constellation into account. The one-sidedness that wants to assert itself as a whole must be sharply rejected. The world cannot be explained by a person who has a predisposition for one thing or another. And if he wants to explain it in this way and establish a philosophy, then this philosophy has an unfavorable effect, and it becomes the task of spiritual science to reject the arrogant pretensions of this one-sidedness, which presents itself as a whole in the world. The less sense and appreciation there is for spiritual science in our time, the more strongly the one-sidedness described above must come to the fore.
We see, therefore, that it is precisely the knowledge of the nature of human and cosmic thought that can lead us to understand the significance and task of spiritual science in our time and to see what it can do to bring other so-called spiritual currents, especially philosophical currents, into the right relationship to it. It would be desirable for insights of the kind we have tried to present in these lectures to become deeply engraved in the hearts and souls of our friends, so that the course of the anthroposophical spiritual current through the world may become such that a very definite, genuine direction is taken. If we take this into account, we will increasingly recognize how human beings are shaped by what lives in them as cosmic thoughts.
A thought such as Fichte's, who says that what kind of philosophy one has depends on what kind of person one is, seems even deeper to us than it might otherwise appear, precisely because of such an explanation. Yes, truly, what philosophy one has depends on what kind of person one is! That Fichte, in the early days of his incarnation, when he lived as Fichte, was able to express as the fundamental nerve of his worldview: “Our world is the sensualized material of our duty,” shows, just as the above words he later uttered show, how his soul changed its constellation in the spiritual cosmos, that is, how richly this soul was formed, so that the spiritual hierarchies could transform it in order to think different things for themselves through it. Something similar could be said, for example, of Nietzsche.
Various aspects of worldview emerge when one considers what has been characterized in these four lectures. The best we can gain from this, however, is that through such things we look deeper and deeper into the spiritual structure of the world, looking into it with feeling and sensitivity. If only one thing could be achieved through such a series of lectures, it would be that as many of your souls as possible would say to themselves: Yes, if you want to immerse yourself in the spiritual world, that is, in the world of truth and not in the world of error, you really must set out on this path! For much, much must be taken into account on this path in order to reach the sources of truth. And even if it might seem to me at first that a contradiction arises here or there, that I cannot understand this or that, I will tell myself that the world is not there to be comprehensible to every level of human understanding, and that I would rather become a seeker than a person who always approaches the world by asking: What can I understand? What can I not understand? If one becomes a seeker, if one seriously sets out on the path of seeking, one learns to recognize that one must gather impulses from many different sides in order to gain some understanding of the world. Then one completely unlearns that attitude that wants to approach the world by asking: Do I understand this? Do I not understand that? Instead, one searches and searches and searches further. The worst enemies of truth are closed worldviews that seek closure, that want to cobble together a few thoughts and believe that they can build a world with a few thoughts.
The world is infinite, qualitatively and quantitatively. And it will be a blessing when individual souls find each other who want to see clearly, especially in relation to what is so terrible in our time, namely arrogant one-sidedness that wants to be a whole. I would like to say, with a bleeding heart: The greatest obstacle to recognizing the fact that preparatory work of intellectual activity is practiced in the brain how the brain is thereby made into a mirror and the soul life is reflected back—a fact whose recognition could shed infinite light on many other physiological insights—the greatest obstacle to the recognition of this fact is the insane physiology of the present, which speaks of two kinds of nerves, the motor and the sensory nerves. I have already touched on this subject in several lectures. In order to bring forth this doctrine, which haunts physiology everywhere, physiology must indeed have lost all reason beforehand. Nevertheless, it is today a doctrine recognized throughout the world, which stands in the way of any true knowledge of the nature of thought and the nature of the soul. Human thought will never be understood if physiology forms such an obstacle to the understanding of thought. But we have reached the point where a baseless physiology now opens every textbook of psychology and soul science and makes them dependent on itself. In doing so, we are simultaneously blocking the path to the understanding of cosmic thought.
What thought is in the cosmos can only be recognized when one feels what thought is in the human being, when one feels oneself in the truth of this thought, which as thought has nothing to do with the brain except that it is itself the master of this brain. But once you have recognized thought in its essence within yourself as human thought, you already feel yourself within the cosmic realm with this thought, and your knowledge of the true nature of human thought expands to include knowledge of the true nature of cosmic thought. When we learn to recognize correctly how we think, we also learn to recognize how we are thought by the forces of the cosmos. Yes, we even gain the ability to glimpse the logic of the hierarchies. I have written down for you the individual components of the judgments of the hierarchies, the concepts of the hierarchies. The concepts of the hierarchies lie in the twelve spiritual signs of the zodiac, in the seven worldviews, and so on. And what human beings are are judgments of the cosmos that arise from these concepts. Thus, we feel ourselves in the logic of the cosmos, that is, realistically grasped, in the logic of the hierarchies of the cosmos, feeling ourselves as souls embedded in cosmic thoughts, just as we feel the little thoughts we think embedded in our soul life.
Meditate on the idea: “I think my thoughts. And I am a thought that is thought by the hierarchies of the cosmos. My eternity consists in the fact that the thinking of the hierarchies is eternal. And once I have been conceived by one category of the hierarchies, I am passed on—just as the thought of a human being is passed on by the teacher to the student, from one category to another, so that they may continue to think me in my eternal, true being. This is how I feel within the world of thoughts of the cosmos.” This concludes this short cycle of lectures.