Birth of the Light
Thoughts on Christmas Eve
GA 143
24 December 1912, Berlin
It is beautiful that circumstances permit of our uniting here this evening at this festival. For though the vast majority of our friends are able to celebrate the festival of love and peace outside in the circle of those with whom they are united by the ties of ordinary life, there are many among our anthroposophical friends who to-day are alone in a certain sense. It also goes without saying that those of us who are not thus drawn into this or that circle are, considering the spiritual current in which we stand, least of all excluded from taking part in the festival of love and peace. What should be more beautifully suited to unite us here this evening in the atmosphere, in the spiritual air of mutual love and peace that radiates through our hearts than an anthroposophical movement? And we may also regard it as a happy chance of fate that it is just in this year that we are able to be together on this Christmas Eve, and to follow out a little train of thought which can bring this festival near to our hearts. For in this year we ourselves stand before the birth of that which, if we rightly understand it, must lie very close to our hearts: I mean the
Birth of our Anthroposophical Society.
If we have lived the great ideal which we want to express through the Anthroposophical Society, and if we are accordingly inclined to dedicate our forces to this great ideal of mankind, then we can naturally let our thoughts sweep on from this our spiritual light or means of light to the dawn of the great light of human evolution which is celebrated on this night of love and peace. On this night—spiritually, or in our souls—we really have before us that which may be called the Birth of the Earthly Light, of the light which is to be born out of the darkness of the Night of Initiation, and which is to be radiant for human hearts and human souls, for all that they need in order to find their way upwards to those spiritual heights which are to be attained through the earth's mission.
What is it really that we should write in our hearts—the feeling that we may have on this Christmas night?
In this Christmas night there should pour into our hearts the fundamental human feeling of love—the fundamental feeling that says: compared with all other forces and powers and treasures of the world, the treasures and the power and the force of love are the greatest, the most intense, the most powerful. There should pour into our hearts, into our souls, the feeling that wisdom is a great thing—that love is still greater; that might is a great thing—that love is yet greater. And this feeling of the power and force and strength of love should pour into our hearts so strongly that from this Christmas night something may overflow into all our feelings during the rest of the year, so that we may truthfully say at all times: we must really be ashamed, if in any hour of the year we do anything that cannot hold good when the spirit gazes into that night in which we would pour the all-power of love into our hearts. May it be possible for the days and the hours of the year to pass in such a way that we need not be ashamed of them in the light of the feeling that we would pour into our souls on Christmas night!
If such can be our feeling, then we are feeling together with all those beings who wanted to bring the significance of Christmas, of the ‘Night of Initiation,’ near to mankind: the significance and the relation of Christmas night to the whole Christ-Impulse within earthly evolution.
For this Christ Impulse stands before us, we may say, in a threefold figure; and to-day at the Christ-festival this threefold figure of the Christ-Impulse can have great significance for us. The first figure meets us when we turn our gaze to the Gospel according to St. Matthew. The Being who is born—or whose birth we celebrate—on this Christmas Eve, enters human evolution in such a way that three heads of mankind, three representatives of high magic come to pay homage to the kingly Being who is entering man's evolution. ‘Kings’ in the spiritual sense of the word: magic kings come to pay homage to the great spiritual King Who appears in the high form that He has attained. For as high a being as Zarathustra once was, passed through his stages of development in order to reach the height of the spiritual King whom the magic kings came to welcome. And so does the Spirit-King of St. Matthew's Gospel confront our spiritual gaze: He brings into human evolution an infinite fount of goodness and an infinite fount of mighty love, of that goodness and that love before which human wickedness feels itself challenged to battle. Thus again do we see the Spirit-King enter human evolution: that which must be enmity against the Spirit-King feels itself challenged in the figure of Herod; and the spiritual King must flee before that which is the enemy of spiritual kingship. So do we see Him in the spirit, in His majestic and magic glory. And before our soul there arises the marvellous image of the Spirit-King, of Zarathustra reincarnate, the flower of human evolution, as He has passed from incarnation to incarnation on the physical plane, and as wisdom has reached perfection, surrounded by the three magic spirit-kings themselves, by flowers and heads of human evolution.
In yet another figure the Christ-Impulse can come before our souls, as it appears in the Gospel according to St. Mark, and in St. John's Gospel. There we seem to be led towards the cosmic Christ-Impulse, which expresses how man is eternally related to the great cosmic forces. We have this connection with the great cosmic forces when, through an understanding of the cosmic Christ, we become aware how through the Mystery of Golgotha there entered into earthly evolution itself a cosmic impulse. As something yet infinitely more great and mighty than the Spirit-King Whom we see in the spirit surrounded by the magicians, there appears before us the mighty cosmic Being who will take hold of the vehicle of that man who is himself the Spirit-King, the flower and summit of earthly evolution. It is really only the short-sightedness of present day mankind which prevents men from feeling the full greatness and power of this incision into human evolution, wherein Zarathustra became the bearer of the cosmic Christ-Spirit. It is only this short-sightedness which does not feel the whole significance of that which was being prepared in the moment of human evolution which we celebrate in our ‘night of initiation,’ in our Christmas. Everywhere, if we enter but a little more deeply into human evolution, we are shown how deeply the Christ-Event penetrated into the whole earthly evolution. Let us feel this as we follow this evening a relevant line of thought, whence something may stream out into the rest of our anthroposophical thought, deepening and penetrating into the meaning of things.
Many things might be brought forward for this purpose. It could be shown how, in times which were still nearer to the spiritual, an entirely new spirit appeared before mankind: new in comparison with the spirit that held sway and was active in earthly evolution in pre-Christian times. For instance, there was created a figure, a figure, however, which lived, which expresses to us how a soul of the early Christian centuries was affected when such a soul, having first felt itself quite immersed in the old Pagan spiritual knowledge, then approached the Christ-Impulse simply and without prejudice, and felt a great change in itself. To-day we more and more have a feeling for such a figure as Faust. We feel this figure, which a more modern poet—Goethe—has, so to speak, reawakened. We feel how this figure is meant to express the highest human striving, yet at the same time the possibility of deepest guilt. It may be said, apart from all the artistic value given to this figure by the power of a modern poet, we can feel deep and significant things of what lived in those early Christian souls, when for example we sink into the poem of the Greek Empress Eudocia. She created a revival of the old legend of Cyprian, which pictures a man who lived wholly in the world of the old heathen gods and could become entwined in it—a man who after the Mystery of Golgotha was still completely given up to the old heathen mysteries and forces and powers. Beautiful is the scene in which Cyprian makes the acquaintance of Justina, who is already touched by the Christ-Impulse, and who is given up to those powers which are revealed through Christianity. Cyprian is tempted to draw her from the path, and for this purpose to make use of the old heathen magical methods. All this is played out between Faust and Gretchen, in the atmosphere of this battle of old Pagan impulses with the Christ-Impulse. Apart from the spiritual side of it, it works out magnificently in the old story of the Cyprian and of the temptation to which he was exposed over against the Christian Justina. And even though Eudocia's poetry may not be very good, still we must say: there we see the awful collision of the old pre-Christian world with the Christian world. In Cyprian we see a man who feels himself still far from the Christian faith, quite given up to the old Pagan divine forces. There is a certain power in this description. To-day we only bring forward a few extracts, showing how Cyprian feels towards the magic forces of pre-Christian spiritual powers. Thus in Eudocia's poem we hear him speak: (‘Confession of Cyprian.’)
‘Ye faithful ones in Christ, who in your hearts
Do cherish true and warm our Saviour great in praise:
Behold my tears outpouring and then hear
While I relate the fountain of my grief.
And ye, who still are lost in dark illusion bound
To idol images, pay heed, ye too, to that
Which I shall tell of their deceit and falsehood.
For never lived a man, who to false Gods
Was given up as I was; never one
So deeply versed in all the demon's arts.‘Yea, I am Cyprianus, whom, a child,
My parents brought unto Apollo dedicate.
The orgies' hue and cry became my lullaby,
What time the fearsome dragon's feast was celebrate.
At seven years they consecrated me
Unto the Sun-God Mithras. Then I lived
In Athena's noble city, as a citizen—
Such was my parents' wish. When I was ten,
I lit Demeter's torches, and I sank myself
In Kora's mournful death-complaint. Then as a temple-child
I nourished Pallas' serpent in the castle's walls.‘Then I ascended on the forest-mount,
Olympus' height, where fools would make believe
The radiant dwelling-place of Gods sublime.
I saw the Horae and the hustling winds,
The days' long chorus, wafted on wings
Of fantasy, to speed through life on magic wings.
I saw the spirits' fiery headlong fray,
And ambuscades deceitful. Some of them anon
Bluster and burst with ridicule and glee,
While others petrified in terror rooted stand.
I saw the ranks of Goddesses and Gods;
For forty days or more I fingered there.
And as the sun did set, I ate the fruits
Of leafy shady bowers. And there, like messengers
From kingly castles, sped the spirit-beings,
Then to descend to earth with thousand ills
To vex the race of men.‘I numbered fifteen years, already knew
The power and work of spirits and of Gods;
And of high priests my teachers there were seven—
It was my parents' will that I should gain
Science of all that bides upon the earth,
And in the airy realms, and in the oceans' depths.
I searched through that which in the human breast
Destruction brews—what ferments in the herb,
In flowery juices; and what sickening creeps
Around the wearied body; nor did I neglect
That which the gaudy snake, prince of the world, conceives
To challenge the eternal goals of God.‘I wandered on in Argos' fairest land—
Argos that nourished the rose.
'Twas just the season's round of Eos' feast,
Eos white-raimented, Tithonos' spouse,
There I became their priest.
I learned to know what windy brothers speed
Through airy spaces and this pole's long round;
What binds the ploughland with the waters' flood,
And darkens o'er the skies with showering rain.’Thus had Cyprian learned to know everything that was to be learned by being, so to speak, initiated into the pre-Christian mysteries. Oh! he describes them exactly—those powers to whom those could look up who were entrusted with the ancient traditions of initiation in a time when those traditions no longer held good; his description of them and of all their fruits which were no longer suitable to that age is fascinating.
‘Myself I saw the demon face to face,
When I had won him by my sacrifice.
I spake to him, and he did answer me
With words of flattery. He praised my youth,
My fairness and my skill unto his works,
Assigned to me dominion o'er this world
And spirits to accomplish my behests;
He greeted me by name, what time we parted,
And all his great ones looked on us amazed.
His countenance is like unto the flower
Of purest gold: and on his head a diadem
Of glittering stones; his raiment's like a flame,
And all the earth doth shiver as he moves.
In dense array around his mighty throne
Spear-bearers stand, their eyes cast on the ground.
Thus he makes up to be a God; he imitates
The Great One's works, whom boldly challenging,
yet creates but powerless fantasies—
For all their demons' being is emptiness.
And then it goes on to describe how the temptation approaches him, and how all this works on him before he comes to know the Christ-Impulse.
‘I wandered from the Persian land away,
And came to Antioch, great town of Syria.
Here I accomplished many a miracle
Of hellish mystery and of enchantments' crafts.
Here a fair youth, Aglaidas, once sought me out;
And others with him, fired with passionate love.
Towards a maiden was his heart aglow,
Justina was her name. He now entreated me,
Clasping around my knees, to conjure her
Into his arms by means of magic craft.
I hearkened to his prayers and then at first
Appeared to me the demon's powerlessness.
Many as were the spirit-throngs he ruled,
So many he sent out to tempt her soul;
And every one returned from her abashed.
Me too, who pleaded for Aglaidas, Justina's faith
And purity and piety could put to shame.
She shewed me then the vanity of mine arts,
And many a sleepless night I lingered on
With manifold enchantments' drudgery.
Ten weeks the prince of spirits stormed the heart
Of yonder maiden. Till Eros, alas,
Not only sped his shaft to wound Aglaidas:
I too was seized and torn with frenzied love.
And from this confusion into which the old world brought him, Cyprian is healed through the Christ-Impulse, in that he cast aside the old magic to understand the Christ-Impulse in its full greatness. We have later in the Faust poem a kind of shadow of this legend, but filled with greater poetic power. In such a figure as this, it is brought home to us very strongly how the Christ-Impulse, which, with some recapitulations we have just brought before our souls in a twofold figure, was felt in the early Christian centuries.
A third figure, as it were a third aspect of the Christ-Impulse, is one which can especially bring home to us how, through that which in the full sense of the word we may call Anthroposophy, we can feel ourselves united with all that is human. This is the aspect which is most uniquely set forth in St. Luke's Gospel, and which then worked on in that representation of the Christ-Impulse which shows us its preparation in the ‘Child.’ In that love and simplicity and at the same time powerlessness, with which the Christ Jesus of St. Luke's Gospel meets us, thus it was suited to be placed before all hearts. There all can feel themselves near to that which so simply, like a child—and yet so greatly and mightily—spake to mankind through the Child of St. Luke's Gospel, which is not shown to the magic kings, but to the poor shepherds from the hills. That other Being of St. Matthew's Gospel stands at the summit of human evolution and paying homage to him there come spiritual kings, magic kings. The Child of St. Luke's Gospel stands there in simplicity, excluded from human evolution, as a child received by no great ones—received by the shepherds from the hills. Nor does he stand within human evolution, this Child of St. Luke's Gospel, in such a way that we were told in this Gospel, for example, how the wickedness of the world felt itself challenged by his kingly spiritual power. No! but—albeit we are not at once brought face to face with Herod's power and wickedness—it is clearly shown to us how that which is given in this Child is so great, so noble, so full of significance, that humanity itself cannot receive it into its ranks. It appears poor and rejected, as though cast into a corner by human evolution and there in a peculiar manner it shows us its extra-human, its divine, that is to say, its cosmic origin. And what an inspiration flowed from this Gospel of St. Luke for all those who, again and again, gave us scenes, in pictures and in other artistic works—scenes which were especially called forth by St. Luke's Gospel. If we compare the various artistic productions, do we not feel how those, which throughout the centuries were inspired by St. Luke's Gospel, show us Jesus as a Being with whom every man, even the simplest, can feel akin? Through that which worked on through the Luke-Jesus-Child, the simplest man comes to feel the whole event in Palestine as a family happening, which concerns himself as something which happened among his own near relations. No Gospel worked on in the same way as this Gospel of St. Luke, with its sublime and happy flowing mood, making the Jesus-Being intimate to the human souls. And yet—all is contained in this childlike picture—all that should be contained in a certain aspect of the Christ-Impulse: namely, that the highest thing in the world, in the whole world, is love: that wisdom is something great, worthy to be striven after—for without wisdom beings cannot exist—but that love is something yet greater; that the might and the power with which the world is architected is something great without which the world cannot exist—but that love is something yet greater. And he has a right feeling for the Christ-Impulse, who can feel this higher nature of Love over against Power and Strength and Wisdom. As human spiritual individualities, above all things we must strive after wisdom, for wisdom is one of the divine impulses of the world. And that we must strive after wisdom, that wisdom must be the sacred treasure that brings us forward—it is this that was intended to be shown in the first scene of The Soul's Probation, that we must not let wisdom fall away, that we must cherish it, in order to ascend through wisdom on the ladder of human evolution. But everywhere where wisdom is, there is a twofold thing: wisdom of the Gods and wisdom of the Luciferic powers. The being who strives after wisdom must inevitably come near to the antagonists of the Gods, to the throng of the Light-Bearer, the army of Lucifer. Therefore there is no divine all-wisdom, for wisdom is always confronted with an opponent—with Lucifer.
And power and might! Through wisdom the world is conceived, through wisdom it is seen, it is illumined; through power and might the world is fashioned and built. Everything that comes about, comes about through the power and the might that is in the beings and we should be shutting ourselves out from the world if we did not seek our share in the power and might of the world. We see this mighty power in the world when the lightning flashes through the clouds; we perceive it when the thunder rolls or when the rain pours down from heavenly spaces into the earth to fertilise it, or when the rays of the sun stream down to conjure forth the seedlings of plants slumbering in the earth. In the forces of nature that work down on to the earth we see this power working blessing as sunshine, as forces in rain and clouds; but, on the other hand, we must see this power and might in volcanoes, for instance, which seem to rise up and rebel against the earth itself—heavenly force pitted against heavenly force. And we look into the world, and we know: if we would ourselves be beings of the world-all, then something of them must work in us; we must have our share in power and in might. Through them we stand within the world: Divine and Ahrimanic powers live and pulsate through us. The all-power is not ‘all-powerful,’ for always it has its antagonist Ahriman against itself.
Between them—between Power and Wisdom—stands Love; and if it is the true love we feel that alone is ‘Divine.’ We can speak of the ‘all-power,’ of ‘all-strength,’ as of an ideal; but over against them stand Ahriman. We can speak of ‘all-wisdom’ as of an ideal; but over against it stands the force of Lucifer. But to say ‘all-love’ seems absurd; for if we love rightly it is capable of no increase. Wisdom can be small—it can be augmented. Power can be small; it can be augmented. Therefore all-wisdom and all-power can stand as ideals. But cosmic love—we feel that it does not allow of the conception of all-love; for love is something unique.
As the Jesus-Child is placed before us in St. Luke's Gospel, so do we feel it as the personification of love; the personification of love between wisdom or all-wisdom and all-power. And we really feel it like this, just because it is a child. Only it is intensified because in addition to all that a child has at any time, this Child has the quality of forlornness: it is cast out into a lonely corner. The magic building of man—we see it already laid out in the organism of the child. Wherever in the wide world-all we turn our gaze, there is nothing that comes into being through so much wisdom as this magic building, which appears before our eyes—even unspoiled as yet—in the childlike organism. And just as it appears in the child—that which is all-wisdom in the physical body, the same thing also appears in the etheric body, where the wisdom of cosmic powers is expressed; and so in the astral body and in the ego. Like wisdom that has made an extract of itself—so does the child lie there. And if it is thrown out into a corner of mankind, like the Child Jesus, then we feel that separated there lies a picture of perfection, concentrated world-wisdom.
But all-power too appears personified to us, when we look on the child as it is described in St. John's Gospel. How shall we feel how the all-power is expressed in relation to the body of the child, the being of the child? We must make present in our souls the whole force of that which divine powers and forces of nature can achieve. Think of the might of the forces and powers of nature near to the earth when the elements are storming; transplant yourself into the powers of nature that hold sway, surging and welling up and down in the earth; think of all the brewing of world-powers and world-forces, of the clash of the good forces with the Ahrimanic forces; the whirling and raging of it all. And now imagine all this storming and raging of the elements to be held away from a tiny spot in the world, in order that at that tiny spot the magic building of the child's body may lie—in order to set apart a tiny body; for the child's body must be protected. Were it exposed for a moment to the violence of the powers of nature, it would be swept away! Then you may feel how it is immersed in the all-power. And now you may realise the feeling that can pass through the human soul when it gazes with simple heart on that which is expressed by St. Luke's Gospel. If one approached this ‘concentrated wisdom’ of the child with the greatest human wisdom—mockery and foolishness this wisdom! For it can never be so great as was the wisdom that was used in order that the child-body might lie before us. The highest wisdom remains foolishness and must stand abashed before the childlike body and pay homage to heavenly wisdom; but it knows that it cannot reach it. Mockery is this wisdom; it must feel itself rejected in its own foolishness.
No, with wisdom we cannot approach that which is placed before us as the Jesus-Being in St. Luke's Gospel. Can we approach it with power?
We cannot approach it with power. For the use of ‘power’ can only have a meaning where a contrary power comes into play. But the child meets us—whether we would use much or little power—with its powerlessness and mocks our power in its powerlessness! For it would be meaningless to approach the child with power, since it meets us with nothing but its powerlessness.
That is the wonderful thing—that the Christ-Impulse, being placed before us in its preparation in the Child Jesus, meets us in St. Luke's Gospel just in this way, that—be we ever so wise—we cannot approach it with our wisdom; no more can we approach it with our power. Of all that at other times connects us with the world—nothing can approach the Child Jesus, as St. Luke's Gospel describes it—neither wisdom, nor power—but love. To bring love towards the child-being, unlimited love—that is the one thing possible. The power of love, and the justification and signification of love and love alone—that it is that we can feel so deeply when we let the contents of St. Luke's Gospel work on our soul.
We live in the world, and we may not scorn any of the impulses of the world. It would be a denial of our humanity and a betrayal of the Gods for us not to strive after wisdom; every day and every hour of the year is well applied, in which we realise it as our human duty to strive after wisdom. And so does every day and every hour of the year compel us to become aware that we are placed in the world and that we are a play of the forces and powers of the world—of the all-power that pulsates through the world. But there is one moment in which we may forget this, in which we may remember what St. Luke's Gospel places before us, when we think of the Child that is yet more filled with wisdom and yet more powerless than other people's children and before whom the highest love appears in its full justification, before whom wisdom must stand still and power must stand still.
So we can feel the significance of the fact that it is just this Christ-Child, received by the simple shepherds, which is placed before us as the third aspect of the Christ-Impulse; beside the Spirit-Kingly aspect and the great Cosmic aspect, the Childlike aspect. The Spirit-Kingly aspect meets us in such a way that we are reminded of the highest wisdom, and that the ideal of highest wisdom is placed before us. The cosmic aspect meets us, and we know that through it the whole direction of earthly evolution is re-formed. Highest power through the cosmic Impulse is revealed to us—highest power so great that it conquers even death. And that which must be added to wisdom and power as a third thing, and must sink into our souls as something transcending the other two, is set before us as that from which man's evolution on earth, on the physical plane, proceeds. And it has sufficed to bring home to humanity, through the ever-returning picture of Jesus' birth at Christmas, the whole significance of love in the world and in human evolution. Thus, as it is in the Christmas ‘night of initiation’ that the birth of the Jesus-Child is put before us, it is in the same night as it comes round again and again that there can be born in our souls, contemplating the birth of the Jesus-Child, the understanding of genuine, true love that resounds above all. And if at Christmas an understanding of the feeling of love is rightly awakened in us, if we celebrate this birth of Christ—the awakening of love—then from the moment in which we experience it there can radiate that which we need for the remaining hours and days of the year, that it may flow through and bless the wisdom that it is ours to strive after in every hour and in every day of the year.
It was especially through the emphasising of this love-impulse that, already in Roman times, Christianity brought into human evolution the feeling that something can be found in human souls, through which they can come near each other—not by touching what the world gives to men, but that which human souls have through themselves. There was always the need of having such an approaching together of man in love. But what had become of this feeling in Rome, at the time when the Mystery of Golgotha took place? It had become the Saturnalia. In the days of December, beginning from the seventeenth, the Saturnalia took place, in which all differences of rank and standing were suspended. Then man met man; high and low ceased to be; every one said ‘thou’ to the other. That which originated from the outer world was swept away, but for fun and merriment the children were given ‘Saturnalia presents,’ which then developed into our Christmas presents. Thus ancient Rome had been driven to take refuge in fun, in joking, in order to transcend the ordinary social distinctions.
Into the midst of all this, there entered about that time the new principle, wherein men do not call forth joking and merriment, but the highest in their souls—the spiritual. Thus did the feeling of equality from man to man enter Christianity in the time when in Rome it had assumed the merrymaking form of the Saturnalia, and this also testifies to us of the aspect of love, of general human love which can exist between man and man if we grasp man in his deepest being. Thus, for example, we grasp him in his deepest being, when at Christmas Eve the child awaits the coming of the Christmas child or the Christmas angel. How does the child wait at Christmas Eve? It awaits the coming of the Christmas child or angel, knowing: He is coming not from human lands, he comes from the spiritual world! It is a kind of understanding of the spiritual world, in which the child shows itself to be like the grown-up people. For they too know the same thing that the child knows—that the Christ-Impulse came into earthly evolution from higher worlds. So it is not only the Child of St. Luke's Gospel that comes before our souls at Christmas, but that which Christmas shall bring near to man's heart comes near to every child's soul in the loveliest way, and unites childlike understanding with grown-up understanding. All that a child can feel, from the moment when it begins to be able to think at all—that is the one pole. And the other pole is that which we can feel in our highest spiritual concerns, if we remain faithful to the impulse which was mentioned at the beginning of this evening's thoughts, the impulse whereby we awaken the will to the spiritual light after which we strive in our now to be founded Anthroposophical Society. For there, too, it is our will that that which is to come into human evolution shall be borne by something which comes into us from spiritual realms as an impulse. And just as the child feels towards the angel of Christmas who brings it its Christmas presents—it feels itself, in its childlike way, connected with the spiritual—so may we feel ourselves connected with the spiritual gift that we long for on Christmas night as the impulse which can bring us the high ideal for which we strive. And if in this circle we feel ourselves united in such love as can stream in from a right understanding of the ‘night of initiation,’ then we shall be able to attain that which is to be attained through the Anthroposophical Society—our anthroposophical ideal. We shall attain that which is to be attained in united work, if a ray of that man-to-man love can take hold of us, of which we can learn when we give ourselves in the right way to the Christmas thought.
Thus those of our dear friends who are united with us to-night may have a kind of excellence of feeling. Though they may not be sitting here or there under the Christmas-tree in the way that is customary in this cycle of time, our dear friends are yet sitting under the Christmas-tree. And all of you who are spending this ‘initiation night’ with us under the Christmas-tree: try to awaken in your souls something of the feeling that can come over us when we feel why it is that we are here together—that we may already learn to realise in our souls those impulses of love which must once in distant and yet more distant future come nearer and nearer, when the Christ-Impulse, of which our Christmas has reminded us so well, takes hold on human evolution with ever greater and greater power, greater and greater understanding. For it will only take hold, if souls be found who understand it in its full significance. But in this realm, ‘understanding’ cannot be without love—the fairest thing in human evolution, to which we give birth in our souls just on this evening and night when we transfuse our hearts with that spiritual picture of the Jesus-Child, cast out by the rest of mankind, thrown into a corner, born in a stable. Such is the picture of Him that is given to us—as though he comes into human evolution from outside, and is received by the simplest in spirit, the poor shepherds. If to-day we seek to give birth to the love-impulse that can pour into our souls from this picture, then it will have the force to promote that which we would and should achieve, to assist in the tasks that we have set ourselves in the realm of Anthroposophy, and that karma has pointed out to us as deep and right tasks in the realm of Anthroposophy.
Let us take this with us from this evening's thoughts on the Christmas initiation night, saying that we have come together in order to take out with us the impulse of love, not only for a short time, but for all our striving that we have set before us, inasmuch as we can understand it through the spirit of our anthroposophical view of the world.
Die Geburt Des Erdenlichtes Aus Der Finsternis Der Weihenacht
Schön ist es, meine lieben Freunde, daß die Verhältnisse es gestatten, daß wir uns heute abend an diesem Festtage hier vereinigen können. Es gibt ja unter uns viele Freunde, welche an diesem Tage in einer gewissen Beziehung allein stehen, während selbstverständlich die weitaus größte Zahl das Fest der Liebe und des Friedens draußen im Kreise derjenigen zu feiern hat, mit denen sie sonst in der Welt verbunden sind. Doch ist es ja so selbstverständlich, daß auch wir anderen, die wir in einer solchen Weise nicht da oder dorthin gebunden sind, gerade durch die Geistesströmung, innerhalb welcher wir stehen, am allerwenigsten ausgeschlossen sind von der Teilnahme an dem Fest der Liebe und des Friedens. Was sollte denn auch in einem schöneren Sinne geeignet sein, uns am heutigen Abend zu vereinigen in der Atmosphäre, in der geistigen Luft von gegenseitiger Liebe und von unsere Herzen durchziehendem Frieden, als eine der Erforschung des Geistigen dienende Bewegung? Und auch insofern dürfen wir es als ein gutes Geschick bezeichnen, daß wir gerade in diesem Jahre an diesem Abend vereinigt sein können und dieses Fest durch eine kleine Betrachtung unseren Herzen naheführen können, aus dem Grunde dürfen wir es noch, da wir in diesem Jahre selber vor der Geburt desjenigen stehen, das uns, wenn wir es in der richtigen Weise verstehen, gar sehr am Herzen liegen muß: vor der Geburt unserer Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft. Wenn wir das große Ideal, das wir durch die Anthroposophische Gesellschaft zum Ausdruck bringen wollen, in der richtigen Weise gelebt haben, und wenn wir geneigt sind, unsere Kräfte in der entsprechenden Weise für dieses große Ideal der Menschheit einzusetzen, so muß es uns nahe liegen, von diesem unserem geistigen Lichte oder Lichtesmittel die Gedanken schweifen zu lassen zu dem Aufgange des großen Lichtes der Menschheitsevolution auf der Erde, der durch diese Nacht der Liebe und des Friedens gefeiert wird, in welcher wir ja wirklich dasjenige, geistig oder seelisch, vor uns haben, was man nennen kann die Geburt des Erdenlichtes, des Lichtes, das aus der Finsternis der Weihenacht herausgeboren werden soll, das aber leuchten soll den Menschenseelen und den Menschenherzen für alles, was diese Menschenseelen und Menschenherzen nötig haben, um den Weg zu den geistigen Höhen hinauf zu finden, die durch die Erdenmission erstiegen werden sollen.
Wenn wir uns ins Herz hineinschreiben wollen, was wir in dieser Weihenacht empfinden können, was ist es denn eigentlich?
Es sollte sich in dieser Weihenacht in unsere Seele gießen die menschliche Grundempfindung von Liebe, die Grundempfindung davon, daß gegenüber allen anderen Kräften und Mächten und Gütern der Welt das Gut und die Kraft und die Macht der Liebe das Größte, das Intensivste, das Wirksamste ist. Ins Herz, in die Seele sollte sich die Empfindung davon ergießen, daß Weisheit etwas Großes ist — etwas Größeres noch die Liebe; daß Macht etwas Großes ist — etwas Größeres noch die Liebe. Aber so stark sollte sich die Empfindung von der Macht und der Kraft und der Stärke der Liebe in unsere Herzen gießen, daß von dieser Weihenacht etwas überströmen könnte in alle unsere Empfindungen des übrigen Jahres, so etwas überströmen, von dem wir sagen können, daß es etwa das ausdrückte, was wir immer fühlen: Wir müssen uns eigentlich schämen, wenn wir in irgendeiner Stunde des Jahres etwas tun, was nicht bestehen kann vor dem geistigen Hinblicke zu jener Nacht, in welcher wir die Allkraft der Liebe in unsere Herzen gießen wollen. Möchten die Tage, möchten die Stunden des Jahres so verlaufen können, daß wir uns nicht zu schämen brauchen vor der Empfindung, die wir in der Weihenacht in unsere Seelen hineingießen wollen!
Wenn wir so empfinden und fühlen können, dann fühlen wir mit allen den Wesen, welche der Menschheit die Bedeutung der Weihenacht nahebringen wollten, die Bedeutung der Beziehung der Weihenacht zu dem ganzen Christus-Impuls innerhalb der Erdenevolution.
Vor uns steht ja dieser Christus-Impuls, man kann sagen, in dreifacher Gestalt. Und bedeutungsvoll kann an dem Fest des Christus heute in dreifacher Gestalt der Christus-Impuls vor uns stehen. Die eine Gestalt gibt uns der Hinblick auf das Marthäus-Evangelium. Die Wesenheit, die geboren wird, oder deren Geburt wir in dieser Weihenacht feiern, sie tritt in die Menschheitsentwickelung so hinein, daß drei Spitzen der Menschheit, drei Vertreter der hohen Magie herbeikommen, um dem königlichen Wesen zu huldigen, das in die Menschheitsentwickelung eintritt. «Könige» im geistigen Sinne des Wortes, magische Könige kommen, dem großen Geistkönige zu huldigen, der da erscheint in der Gestalt, die er erlangen konnte dadurch, daß ein so hohes Wesen, wie es einst der Zarathustra war, seine Entwickelungsstadien durchmachte, um zu der Höhe jenes Geisteskönigs zu gelangen, dem die magischen Könige huldigen wollten. Und so steht der Geistkönig des Matthäus-Evangeliums vor unserem geistigen Blicke, daß er in die Menschheitsentwickelung hereinbringt einen unendlichen Quell der Güte und einen unendlichen Quell mächtiger Liebe, jener Güte und jener Liebe, vor der menschliche Bosheit sich zum Kampfe aufgerufen fühlt. Daher sehen wir in zweiter Weise den Geistkönig so in die Menschheitsentwickelung hereintreten, daß dasjenige, was die Feindschaft gegenüber dem Geisteskönig sein muß, sich aufgerufen fühlt in der Gestalt des Herodes, und daß der Geistkönig fliehen muß vor dem, was Feind ist der Geisteskönigschaft. So steht er vor unserem geistigen Blicke in majestätischer, magischer Glorie. Und vor unserer Seele taucht das wunderbare Bild des Geisteskönigs auf, des wiederverkörperten Zarathustra, der edelsten Blüte der Menschheitsentwickelung - wie sie durchgegangen ist von Inkarnation zu Inkarnation auf dem physischen Plan und die Weisheit eine Vollendung hat erreichen lassen -, umgeben von den drei magischen Geistkönigen, selber Blüten und Spitzen der Menschheitsentwickelung. Noch in anderer Gestalt kann der Christus-Impuls vor unsere Seele treten: wie er uns im Markus-Evangelium, im Johannes-Evangelium erscheint, wo wir gleichsam hingeführt werden zu dem kosmischen Christus-Impuls, der ausdrückt, wie der Mensch seinen ewigen Zusammenhang mit den großen kosmischen Kräften dadurch hat, daß wir durch das Verständnis des kosmischen Christus gewahr werden, wie in die Erdenentwickelung selber ein kosmischer Impuls durch das Mysterium von Golgatha hereingenommen wird. Noch als etwas unendlich Größeres und Gewaltigeres als der Geistkönig, der von den Magiern umgeben vor unserem geistigen Auge steht, tritt vor uns hin die mächtige kosmische Wesenheit, welche Besitz ergreifen will von dem Träger jenes Menschen, der da ist der Geisteskönig, die Blüte und Spitze der Erdentwickelung selber. Es ist im Grunde genommen nur der heutigen Menschen Kurzsichtigkeit, wenn nicht die ganze Größe und Macht des Einschnittes gefühlt wird, der in der Menschheitsentwickelung dadurch gegeben war, daß der Zarathustra zum Träger des kosmischen Christus-Geistes wurde, wenn nicht gefühlt wird die ganze Bedeutung desjenigen, was als «Christus-Träger» in jenem Momente der Menschheitsentwickelung vorbereitet wurde, den wir durch die christliche Weihenacht feiern. Ein etwas tieferes Hineingehen in die Menschheitsentwickelung zeigt uns überall, wie tief einschneidend in die ganze Erdevolution das Christus-Ereignis ist. Fühlen wir es durch eine einschlägige Betrachtung an diesem Abend, damit von dieser Betrachtung etwas ausstrahlen kann in unsere übrige anthroposophische Vertiefung und Versenkung.
Vieles könnte dazu angeführt werden. Es könnte gezeigt werden, wie vor die Menschheit hintrat in Zeiten, die dem Spirituellen noch näherstanden, ein ganz neuer Geist gegenüber dem, der in der vorchristlichen Zeit in der Erdenentwickelung gewaltet und gewirkt hat. Eine Gestalt wurde zum Beispiel geschaffen, eine Gestalt, die aber gelebt hat, und die uns ausdrückt, wie es auf eine Seele der ersten christlichen Jahrhunderte gewirkt hat, wenn diese Seele sich erst noch ganz hineingestellt empfand in die alten heidnischen Geisteserkenntnisse, und dann empfand, wie sich alles in der Seele änderte, wenn sie mit den alten heidnischen Geisteserkenntnissen unbefangen und vorurteilsfrei sich dem Christus-Impuls entgegenstellte. - Wir verstehen heute immer mehr und mehr eine solche Gestalt wie die des Faust. Wir fühlen in dieser Gestalt, die ein neuerer Dichter, Goethe, sozusagen wiedererweckt hat, das Höchste von menschlichem Streben ausgedrückt, empfinden aber auch, wie die Möglichkeit tiefster Schuld in ihr ausgedrückt werden soll. Aber wenn man von allem absieht, was neuere dichterische Kraft an Künstlerischem geben kann, so kann man sagen: Tiefes und Bedeutungsvolles, das in einer Seele lebte, kann man fühlen, wenn man zum Beispiel sich vertieft in die Dichtung der griechischen Kaiserin Eudokia, die eine Wiederbelebung der alten Legende von Cyprianus geschaffen hat, welche einen Menschen schildert, der ganz in der alten heidnischen Götterwelt lebte und in sie verstrickt werden konnte, einen Menschen, der noch nach dem Mysterium von Golgatha ganz den alten heidnischen Geheimnissen, Kräften und Mächten hingegeben war. Schön ist jene Szene, in der geschildert wird, wie Cyprianus die Justina kennenlernt, die schon von dem Christus-Impuls berührt ist, die hingegeben ist jenen Mächten, die durch das Christentum dargestellt werden. Die Versuchung tritt an ihn heran, sie von ihrem Wege abzubringen, die Versuchung, sich zu diesem Zwecke der alten heidnischen Zaubermittel zu bedienen. Alles, was zwischen Faust und Gretchen spielt, spielt in dieser Atmosphäre des Kampfes alter heidnischer Impulse gegen den Christus-Impuls. Es nimmt sich, wenn wir von dem Spirituellen absehen, grandios noch aus in der Erzählung von dem alten Cyprianus und in der Versuchung, der er ausgesetzt war gegenüber der Christin Justina. Und wenn die Dichtung der Eudokia auch nicht besonders gut ist, so muß man doch sagen: Da steht das Erschütternde des Zusammenpralles der alten vorchristlichen Welt mit der christlichen Welt; da steht in Cyprianus ein Mensch, der sich noch fernstehend dem Christentum fühlt, der sich noch ganz hingegeben fühlt den alten heidnischen Götterkräften: es ist eine gewisse Gewalt in der Schilderung. Einige Stellen nur seien heute vorgeführt, wie Cyprianus sich fühlt gegenüber den Zauberkräften der vorchristlichen Geistesmächte. So hören wir von ihm in der Dichtung der Eudoksa:
Bekenner Christi, die ihr treu und warm
Im Herzen hegt den viel gepries’nen Heiland,
Seht meiner Tränen frischen Strom, und dann
Vernehmet, aus welchem Quell mein Kummer stammt.
Und ihr, die noch der finstre Wahn umstrickt
Der Götzenbilder, merkt auf das, was ich
Von ihrem Lug und Trug erzählen werde.
Denn nimmer hat ein Mensch gelebt, der so wie
Ich den falschen Göttern war ergeben
Und der Dämonen Art so gründlich kannte.
Ja, Cyprianus bin ich, den als Kind
Die Eltern dem Apollo dargebracht.
Es war des zarten Säuglings Wiegenlied
Gelärm der Orgien, wenn man das Fest
Des grausen Drachen feiert’. Siebenjährig
Ward ich geweiht dem Sonnengotte Mithras.
Ich wohnt’ in der erhab’nen Stadt Athen
Und ward ihr Bürger auch. Denn so gefiel’s
Den Eltern. Als ich zehn der Jahre zählte,
Hab ich Demeters Fackeln angezündet
Und mich versenkt in Koras Trauerklage.
Ich hegt’ der Pallas Schlange auf der Burg
Als Tempelknabe.Dann zum Waldgebirg Olympos stieg ich auf, wo Toren sich
Den lichten Wohnsitz sel’ger Götter denken.
Die Horen sah ich und den Schwarm der Winde,
Der Tage Chor, die phantasiebeflügelt
Mit Gaukelbildern durch das Leben ziehn.
Ich sah Gewühl von Geistern kampfentbrannt,
Und Hinterhalte voller List; von Spott
Und Lachen berstend die, und jene ganz
Von Schreck erstarrt. Die Reihen sah ich all’?
Der Göttinnen und Götter. Denn wohl vierzig
Und noch mehr Tage hab ich dort verweilt.
Es war mein Mahl, wenn Helios niedersank,
Der dichtbelaubten Wipfel Frucht. Wie
Als wären sie aus hoher Königsburg
Entsandt, durchziehn die Luft die Geisterboten,
Um dann zur Welt hinab zu steigen, wo
Die Menschheit sie mit tausend Übeln plagen.
Ich zählte fünfzehn Jahr’ und kannte schon
Die Wirkenskraft der Götter und der Geister,
Denn mich belehrten sieben Oberpriester.
Der Eltern Wille war’s, daß ich gewönne
Vor allem Wissenschaft, was ist auf Erden,
Im Reich der Lüfte und im tiefen Meer.
Ich hab’ durchforscht, was in der Menschenbrust
Verderben brütet, was im Kraute gärt,
Im Saft der Blume, was um müde Leiber
Als Siechtum schleicht, und was die bunte Schlange,
Der Fürst der Welt voll arger List erschafft,
Um Gottes ew’gen Ratschluß zu bestreiten.Ins schöne Land von Argos zog ich hin,
Das rossenährende. Das Fest der Eos,
Der weißgewand’gen Gattin des Tithonos,
Beging man grad, und dort ward ich ihr Priester.
Ich lernte kennen, was geschwisterlich
Die Luft und dieses Poles Rund durchzieht,
Was Wasser macht der Ackerflur verwandt,
Und was den Himmel trübt als Regenschauer.
So hatte Cyprianus alles kennengelernt, was man kennenlernen konnte, wenn man sozusagen eingeweiht wurde in die vorchristlichen Mysterien. Oh, er schildert sie genau, diese Mächte, zu denen diejenigen aufblicken konnten, die mit den alten Einweihungsurkunden nur betraut waren in der Zeit, als diese alten Urkunden nicht mehr galten; er schildert sie hinreißend in ihrer nicht mehr in die Zeit hineingehörenden Furchtbarkeit.
Ich sah den Dämon selbst von Angesicht,
Nachdem ich ihn mit Opfern mir gewonnen;
Ich sprach zu ihm, und er erwidert’ mir
Mit Schmeichelworten. Meine Jugendschöne
Und mein Geschick zu seinen Werken rühmend,
Verhieß er mir die Herrschaft dieser Welt
Und gab mir Macht, den Geistern zu gebieten.
Er grüßte mich mit meinem Namen, als
Ich schied, und staunend sahn es seine Großen.
Sein Antlitz gleicht der Blume reinen Goldes;
Er trägt ein Diadem von Funkelsteinen
Und flammendes Gewand. Die Erde bebt,
Wenn er sich rührt. In dichten Reih’n umstehn
Speerträger seinen Thron, den Blick gesenkt.
So dünkt er sich ein Gott, so äfft er nach
Des Ew’gen Werke, den er frech bestreitet.
Doch machtlos schafft er nicht’'ge Schemen nur;
Denn der Dämonen Wesenheit ist Schein.
Und wie die Versuchung ihm naht, wie das alles auf ihn wirkt, bevor er kennenlernt den Christus-Impuls, auch das wird uns geschildert.
Ich zog vom Land der Perser fort und kam
Nach Antiochia, der großen Stadt
Der Syrer; hier verübt’ ich Wunders viel
Von Zauberei und höllischer Magie.
Ein Jüngling sucht mich auf, Aglaidas,
Von Lieb’ entbrannt, und mit ihm viel Gefährten.
Ein Mädchen war’s, Justina ist ihr Name,
Für das er glüht’, und meine Knie umschlingend
Beschwor er mich, in seine Arme sie
Durch Zauberkunst zu ziehn. Und da zuerst
Ward mir des Däimons Ohnmacht offenbar.
Denn so viel Geisterscharen er beherrscht,
So viel entsandt er wider jene Jungfrau,
Und alle kehrten sie beschämt zurück.
Auch mich, Aglaidas’ Beförd’rer, machte
Justinas fromme Glaubenskraft zu Schanden;
Sie zeigte mir, wie eitel meine Kunst.
Manch schlummerlose Nacht durchwacht’ ich da
Und quälte mich mit Zaubereien ab.
Zehn Wochen lang bestürmt’ der Fürst der Geister
Das Herz der Jungfrau. Eros hatte, ach!
Nicht den Aglaidas allein verwundet,
Auch mich ergriff der Liebe Raserei.
Und aus dieser Verwirrung, in die ihn die alte Welt gebracht hatte, wird Cyprianus geheilt durch den Christus-Impuls - es ist etwas wie eine Abschattung, nur in eine größere dichterische Gewalt getaucht, was wir dann in der Faust-Dichtung vor uns haben -, indem er den alten Zauber von sich wirft, um den Christus-Impuls in seiner ganzen Größe zu verstehen. - An einer solchen Gestalt zeigt sich uns so recht, wie in den ersten christlichen Jahrhunderten gefühlt wurde, was wir uns in zweifacher Gestalt, manches wiederholend, jetzt vor die Seele geführt haben.
Eine dritte Gestalt, gleichsam ein dritter Aspekt des ChristusImpulses ist der, welcher uns so recht zeigen kann, wie wir durch das, was wir im ganzen Sinne des Wortes «Theosophie» nennen können, uns verbunden fühlen können mit allem, was menschlich ist. Das ist jener Aspekt, den einzig das Lukas-Evangelium schildert und der fortgewirkt hat in der Darstellung des Christus-Impulses, wie er vorbereitet wird durch das «Kind». In jener Liebe und Einfalt und zugleich Ohnmacht, wie uns das Kind Jesus im Lukas-Evangelium entgegentritt, war der Christus-Impuls geeignet, hingestellt zu werden vor alle Herzen. Alle konnten sich verwandt fühlen mit dem, was so einfach, so eben als Kind kindlich und doch so groß und gewaltig zu den Menschen sprach aus dem Kinde des Lukas-Evangeliums, das nicht dargestellt wird den magischen Königen, das dargestellt wird den armen Hirten des Feldes. Jenes Wesen des Matthäus-Evangeliums steht an der Spitze des Menschheitswerdens, und huldigend kommen geistige Könige, magische Könige. Das Kind des Lukas-Evangeliums steht in Einfachheit da, ausgeschlossen von der Menschheitsentwickelung, als Kind zunächst, von keinen Großen empfangen, aber empfangen von den Hirten des Feldes. Nicht so steht es drinnen im Menschheitswerden, das Kind des Lukas-Evangeliums, daß wir etwa im Lukas-Evangelium gleichsam selber darauf aufmerksam gemacht würden, wie die Bosheit der Welt sich aufgerufen fühlt gegen seine königliche Geistesmacht. Nein. Das aber tritt uns klar entgegen wenn auch nicht gleich des Herodes Gewalt und Bosheit uns entgegentritt —, daß das, was in diesem Kinde gegeben ist, so groß, so edel, so bedeutend ist, daß die Menschheit selber es nicht in ihre Reihen aufnehmen kann, daß es arm und verlassen von der Menschheitsentwickelung, wie in die Ecke geworfen erscheint und dadurch auf eine merkwürdige Weise seinen außermenschlichen, seinen göttlichen oder, was dasselbe ist, seinen kosmischen Ursprung uns zeigt. Und wie war dann dieses Lukas-Evangelium inspirierend für alle die, welche in zahlreichen künstlerischen und anderen Darstellungen Szenen, die eben durch das Lukas-Evangelium angeregt waren, immer wieder und wieder gegeben haben! Fühlen wir nicht gegenüber den anderen künstlerischen Darstellungen, daß jene künstlerischen Darstellungen, die Jahrhunderte hindurch durch das Lukas-Evangelium angeregt waren, uns den Jesus darstellen als ein Wesen, mit dem jeder Mensch, selbst der einfachste, sich verwandt fühlen könnte? Der einfachste Mensch lernte durch das, was durch den Lukas-Jesus-Knaben fortwirkte, das ganze Ereignis von Palästina wie ein Familienereignis fühlen, das ihn selber anging wie das Ereignis eines unmittelbar nahen Verwandten. Kein Evangelium hat so fortgewirkt wie das LukasEvangelium in seiner holdseligen Stimmung und Strömung, indem es der Menschenseele die Jesus-Wesenheit intim gemacht hat. Und doch, alles ist drinnen in dieser kindlichen Darstellung, alles, was drinnen sein soll in einem gewissen Aspekt des Christus-Impulses: daß das Höchste in der Welt, in der ganzen Welt, die Liebe ist; daß die Weisheit Großes ist, erstrebenswert ist, daß ohne Weisheit die Wesen nicht bestehen können, daß die Liebe aber etwas Größeres ist; daß die Macht und die Kraft, durch welche die Welt gezimmert ist, etwas Großes ist, ohne das die Welt nicht bestehen kann, daß die Liebe aber etwas Größeres ist. Derjenige fühlt nur den Christus-Impuls richtig, der auch das Höhere der Liebe gegenüber der Macht und der Stärke und der Weisheit fühlen kann. Weisheit müssen wir erstreben, vor allem als menschliche Geistindividualitäten, denn Weisheit gehört zu den göttlichen Impulsen der Welt. Und daß wir Weisheit erstreben müssen, daß Weisheit das heilige Gut sein muß, das uns vorwärtsbringt, das sollte ja gerade in der ersten Szene der «Prüfung der Seele» dargestellt werden, daß wir die Weisheit nicht versiegen lassen dürfen, daß wir sie pflegen müssen, um auf der Leiter der Menschheitsentwikkelung durch die Weisheit aufzusteigen. Aber überall, wo Weisheit ist, da ist ein Zweifaches: Weisheit der Götter, Weisheit der luziferischen Gewalten. Nahe kommt das Wesen, das nach Weisheit strebt, unter allen Bedingungen auch den Gegnern der Götter, der Schar des Lichtträgers, der Schar des Luzifer. Daher gibt es keine göttliche Allweisheit, weil der Weisheit immer gegenübersteht ein Opponent: der Luzifer.
Und die Macht und die Kraft! Durch die Weisheit wird die Welt begriffen, durch die Weisheit wird sie erschaut, wird sie erleuchtet; durch die Macht und die Kraft wird die Welt gezimmert. Alles, was zustande kommt, es kommt zustande durch die Macht und die Kraft, welche in den Wesen ist, und wir würden uns ausschließen von der Welt, wenn wir nicht unseren Anteil suchten an der Macht und der Kraft der Welt. Wir sehen diese Macht und Kraft der Welt, wenn der Blitz durch die Wolken zuckt, wir nehmen sie wahr, wenn der Donner rollt, wenn der Regen sich aus den Himmelsräumen herunterergießt auf die Erde, um sie zu befruchten, oder wenn die Sonnenstrahlen niederschießen, um die in der Erde schlummernden Pflanzenkeime hervorzuzaubern. In den Naturkräften, die auf die Erde niederwirken, sehen wir diese Macht und Kraft heilbringend als Sonnenschein, als Regen- und Wolkenkräfte; aber auf der anderen Seite sehen wir diese Macht und Kraft zum Beispiel in den Vulkanen, wie gegen die Erde selbst sich erhebend: Himmelskraft gegen Himmelskraft. Und wir schauen hinein in diese Welt, und wir wissen: Wenn wir selber Wesen des Weltalls sein wollen, so muß etwas von ihnen auch in uns wirken, wir müssen unseren Anteil an der Macht und der Kraft haben. Dadurch stehen wir in der Welt drinnen: die göttlichen und die ahrimanischen Gewalten durchleben und durchzucken uns. Die Allmacht ist nicht allmächtig, denn immer hat sie ihren Gegner Ahriman gegen sich.
Zwischen ihnen - zwischen der Macht und der Weisheit - steht die Liebe, und wir fühlen, wenn sie richtige Liebe ist, daß sie einzig und allein göttlich ist. Von Allmacht, Allstärke können wir reden wie von einem Ideal; aber ihr steht gegenüber Ahriman. Von Allweisheit kann man sprechen wie von einem Ideal; aber ihr gegenüber steht die Kraft des Luzifer. «All-Liebe» zu sagen, erscheint absurd, denn sie ist keiner Steigerung fähig, wenn wir sie richtig üben. Weisheit kann klein sein sie kann vergrößert werden; Macht kann klein sein - sie kann vergrößert werden. Daher kann als Ideal gelten Allweisheit und Allmacht. Weltenliebe — wir fühlen, daß der Begriff der All-Liebe von ihr ausgeschlossen sein muß; denn Liebe ist etwas Einziges.
Gerade so wie im Lukas-Evangelium das Jesus-Kind vor uns hingestellt wird, so erscheint es uns als die Personifikation der Liebe; aber es erscheint uns als Personifikation der Liebe zwischen der Weisheit oder Allweisheit und Allmacht. Und im Grunde genommen erscheint es uns so, weil es eben Kind ist. Die Steigerung liegt nur darin, daß das Kind zu allem, was das Kind sonst hat, noch die Eigenschaft der Verlassenheit, des Hinausgeworfenseins in eine Menschheitsecke hat. Den Wunderbau des Menschen, wir sehen ihn schon im kindlichen Organismus veranlagt. Wo wir im weiten Weltenall das Auge hinwenden, es gibt nichts, das so sehr nur durch Weisheit zustande kommt wie dieser Wunderbau, der uns, noch dazu unverdorben, im kindlichen Organismus vor Augen tritt. Und so, wie im Kinde erscheint, was Aliweisheit im physischen Leibe ist, so erscheint sie dann auch an seinem Ätherleibe, wo die Weisheit von kosmischen Mächten sich ausdrückt, so im Astralleibe, und so im Ich. Wie ein Extrakt der Weisheit, so liegt das Kind da. Und wenn es gleichsam in eine Ecke geworfen ist, wie das Kind Jesus, dann fühlen wir: Abgesondert liegt ein Bild von Vollkommenheit da: die konzentrierte Weltenweisheit.
Aber auch die Allmacht erscheint uns personifiziert, wenn das Kind so daliegt, wie es uns im Lukas-Evangelium geschildert wird. Wie es mit der Allmacht im Verhältnisse zu dem Kindesleib und dem Kindeswesen beschaffen ist, das fühlt der, der die ganze Kraft dessen in seiner Seele sich vergegenwärtigt, was göttliche Mächte und Naturkräfte vollbringen können. Man vergegenwärtige sich die Gewalt der Naturmächte und -kräfte nahe der Erde, wenn die Wetter walten; man vergegenwärtige sich die Naturmächte, die drunten in der Erde walten, stürmisch und bewegt; man denke sich das ganze Brodeln der Weltenmächte und Weltenkräfte, alles dessen, was von den guten Mächten und den ahrimanischen Mächten zusammenstürmt; man denke sich, wie es wütet und wühlt. Und nun denke man sich, daß alles, was so durcheinanderstürmt, von einem kleinen Plätzchen der Welt hinweggeschoben wird, damit an diesem kleinen Plätzchen der Wunderbau des Kinderkörpers liegen kann, um einen kleinen Körper auszusondern: denn geschützt muß der Kindeskörper sein; wäre er nur einen Augenblick der Gewalt der Naturmächte ausgesetzt, er würde hinweggefegt! Da fühlt man das Hineingestelltsein in die Allmacht. Und man fühlt jetzt, wie die Menschenseele empfinden kann, wenn sie unbefangen auf das hinschaut, was das Lukas-Evangelium also ausdrückt: Man gehe mit Weisheit heran an diese konzentrierte Weisheit des Kindes, man gehe mit der größten Menschenweisheit an sie heran: Spott und Torheit ist diese Weisheit! Denn so groß kann sie doch nie sein, wie die aufgewendete Weisheit war, damit der Kindesleib vor uns liegen kann. Die höchste Weisheit bleibt Torheit und muß scheu stehen vor diesem Kindesleib und verehren himmlische Weisheit, aber sie weiß, daß sie an jene nicht herankommen kann: Spott nur ist diese Weisheit, zurückgestoßen muß sie sich fühlen in ihrer eigenen Torheit.
Nein, mit Weisheit kommen wir nicht an das heran, was uns als das Jesus-Wesen im Lukas-Evangelium hingestellt wird. Kommen wir mit Macht heran?
Wir kommen nicht mit Macht heran. Denn Macht anzuwenden, hat nur einen Sinn, wo Gegenmacht sich geltend macht. Das Kind aber begegnet uns - ob wir viel, ob wir wenig Macht anwenden wollen — mit seiner Ohnmacht und spottet in seiner Ohnmacht unserer Macht! Denn es hätte keine Bedeutung, mit der Macht an das Kind heranzukommen, da es uns nichts als Ohnmacht entgegenstellt.
Das ist das Wunderbare, daß uns der Christus-Impuls, indem er uns in seiner Vorbereitung in dem Kind Jesus hingestellt wird, gerade in dieser Weise im Lukas-Evangelium entgegentritt, daß wir, und wären wir noch so weise, mit unserer Weisheit nicht herankommen können, mit unserer Macht ebensowenig herankommen können. Alles, was uns sonst mit der Welt verbindet, es kann nicht herankommen an das Kind Jesus, wie es im Lukas-Evangelium geschildert wird. Eines kann nur herankommen - nicht Weisheit, nicht Macht: Liebe. Und diese in unbegrenzter Art dem kindlichen Wesen entgegenzubringen, das ist das einzig mögliche. Die Macht der Liebe, und die alleinige Rechtfertigung und die alleinige Bedeutung der Liebe, das ist es, was wir so tief fühlen können, wenn wir das Lukas-Evangelium auf unsere Seele wirken lassen.
Wir leben in der Welt, und keiner darf der Impulse der Welt spotten. Es hieße seine Menschheit verleugnen und die Götter betrügen, wollte man nicht nach Weisheit streben. Jeder Tag und jede Stunde des Jahres ist gut angewendet, wo wir uns klar werden, daß es unsere Menschheitspflicht ist, nach Weisheit zu streben. Jeder Tag und jede Stunde des Jahres zwingen uns aber auch, daß wir gewahr werden, wie wir in die Welt hineingestellt sind und ein Spiel der Kräfte und Mächte der Welt sind, der die Welt durchpulsenden Allmacht. Aber einen Augenblick gibt es, wo wir es vergessen dürfen und uns dessen erinnern, was das Lukas-Evangelium vor uns hinstellt: wo wir des Kindes gedenken, das noch ohnmächtiger ist und noch weisheitsvoller als andere Menschenkinder, und dem gegenüber die höchste Liebe in ihrer Berechtigung sich darstellt, dem gegenüber die Weisheit stillestehen muß, dem gegenüber die Macht stillestehen muß.
So können wir so recht fühlen, welche Bedeutung es hat, daß gerade dieses von den einfachen Hirten empfangene Christus-Kind als der dritte Aspekt des Christus-Impulses vor uns hingestellt wird: neben dem großen kosmischen Aspekt, neben dem geistköniglichen Aspekt der kindliche Aspekt. Der geistkönigliche Aspekt tritt an uns so heran, daß wir an die höchste Weisheit erinnert werden, und daß das Ideal höchster Weisheit vor uns hingestellt wird. Der kosmische Aspekt tritt so vor uns hin, daß wir wissen, daß durch ihn die ganze Richtung der Erdenentwickelung neu gestaltet wird. Höchste Macht durch den kosmischen Impuls zeigt sich vor uns, höchste Macht so groß, daß sie selbst den Tod besiegt. Was als Drittes hinzukommen muß zu Weisheit und Macht und sich in unsere Seele senken muß als das über die beiden Hinausgehende, es wird uns als das dargestellt, von dem die Menschheitsentwickelung auf der Erde, auf dem physischen Plane ausgeht. Und das hat genügt, um der Menschheit durch die immer wiederkehrende Darstellung der Jesus-Geburt in der Weihenacht die ganze Bedeutung der Liebe in der Welt- und MenschheitsentwickeJung nahezubringen. So ist es in der Weihenacht, daß vor uns hingestellt wird die Geburt des Jesus-Kindes, daß aber geboren werden kann in jeder Weihenacht durch den Anblick dieser Geburt des Jesus-Kindes in unserer Seele das Verständnis echter, wahrer, alles übertönender Liebe. Und wenn in der rechten Weise in der Weihenacht Verständnis der Empfindung der Liebe in unserer Seele erwacht, wenn wir diese Christus-Geburt feiern: das Erwachen der Liebe -, dann kann von jenem Augenblicke, den wir erleben, das ausstrahlen, was wir für die übrigen Tage und Stunden des Jahres brauchen, auf daß gesegnet und damit durchtränkt werde das, was wir an jedem Tage und in jeder Stunde des Jahres an Weisheit anstreben können.
In einer merkwürdigen Weise hat gerade durch diese Betonung des Liebe-Impulses das Christentum sich schon in der Römerzeit in die Menschheitsentwickelung hineingestellt: daß etwas gefunden werden kann in den Menschenseelen, wo sich die Seelen einander nahekommen, indem sie nicht berühren, was die Welt den Menschen gibt, sondern was die Menschenseelen durch sich selber haben. Man hatte immer das Bedürfnis, ein solches Nahekommen der Menschheit in Liebe zu haben. Aber als das Mysterium von Golgatha herankam, wozu war es da in der römischen Welt geworden? Zu den Saturnalien war es geworden. In den Dezembertagen, vom siebzehnten ab, begannen die Saturnalien, wo die Rang- und Ständeunterschiede aufgehoben waren. Da stand nur der Mensch dem Menschen gegenüber, hoch und niedrig hörte auf, alles redete sich mit Du an. Was von der äußeren Welt kam, das war hinweggefegt. Aber zum Scherz und Spaß schenkte man dann auch den Kindern die «Saturnaliengeschenke», die dann später zu unseren Weihnachtsgeschenken wurden. Daß man zum Scherz, zum Spaß, seine Zuflucht nehmen muß, wenn man über die sonst herrschenden Unterscheidungen hinauskommen will, dazu war das alte Römertum gekommen.
Mitten hinein stellte sich um diese Zeit das Neue, wo die Menschen nicht den Scherz und den Spaß, sondern das Höchste in ihrer Seele, das Geistige aufrufen. So stellte sich das Gleichfühlen von Mensch zu Mensch in das Christentum hinein zu jener Zeit, in welcher es in Rom die ausgelassene Gestalt der Saturnalien angenommen hat. Das aber bezeugt uns auch den Aspekt der Liebe, der allgemeinen Menschenliebe, die von Mensch zu Mensch walten kann, wenn wir den Menschen in seinem Tiefsten erfassen. Wir erfassen ihn zum Beispiel in seinem Tiefsten, wenn das Kind am Weihnachtsabend wartet des Kommens des Weihnachtskindes oder des Weihnachtsengels. Wie wartet denn das Kind dann? Es wartet so auf das Kommen des Weihnachtskindes oder des Weihnachtsengels, daß es weiß: Der kommt nicht aus Menschenlanden her; der kommt aus der geistigen Welt her! Es ist eine Art von Verständnis der geistigen Welt, in dem sich das Kind ähnlich erweist mit den Erwachsenen. Denn auch die wissen dasselbe, was das Kind weiß: daß der Christus-Impuls aus höheren Welten in die Erdenentwickelung hineingekommen ist! Und so tritt nicht nur das Kind des Lukas-Evangeliums vor unsere Seele geistig in der Weihenacht, sondern es tritt das, was die Weihenacht an das menschliche Herz heranbringen soll, in schönster Weise auch vor jede Kindesseele - und vereinigt Kindesverständnis mit Erwachsenenverständnis. Alles, was das Kind fühlen kann, wenn es nur anfängt, überhaupt etwas denken zu können, das ist der eine Pol. Und der andere Pol ist das, was wir fühlen können in unseren höchsten geistigen Angelegenheiten, was wir fühlen können, wenn wir treu hingegeben sind jenem Impuls, der im Ausgangspunkte unserer heutigen Betrachtung erwähnt worden ist, wo wir den Willen entwickeln zu dem, was wir in der nun zu schaffenden Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft als ein geistiges Licht erstreben. Denn auch da wollen wir, daß dasjenige, was in die Menschheitsentwickelung hereinkommen soll, von etwas getragen werde, was aus geistigen Reichen als ein Impuls zu uns hereinkommt. Und ebenso wie das Kind fühlt gegenüber dem Weihnachtsengel, der ihm seine Weihnachtsgeschenke bringt - es fühlt sich verbunden mit dem Spirituellen, in seiner naiven Art -, so dürfen wir uns verbinden mit dem Spirituellen, das wir in der Weihenacht ersehnen als den Impuls, der das bringen kann, was wir als ein so hohes Ideal erstreben. Und finden wir uns in diesem Kreise in solcher Liebe vereinigt, wie sie hereinströmen kann aus dem richtigen Verständnis der Weihenacht, dann werden wir erreichen können, was erreicht werden sollte durch unsere Anthroposophische Gesellschaft, durch unser anthroposophisches Ideal. Wir werden das, was erreicht werden soll, in vereinigter Arbeit erreichen, wenn ein Strahl jener Liebe von Mensch zu Mensch uns erfassen kann, über den wir belehrt werden können, wenn wir uns in richtiger Weise dem Verständnis der Werhenacht hingeben.
So ist es für diejenigen der lieben Freunde, die heute abend mit uns vereinigt sind, gewissermaßen ein Vorzug des Gefühles, den sie haben dürfen. Wenn sie auch nicht da oder dort, verbunden mit dem oder jenem, in der im gegenwärtigen Zeitenzyklus üblichen Weise unter dem Weihnachtsbaume sitzen, so sitzen diese unsere lieben Freunde doch unter dem Weihnachtsbaume. Und Sie alle, meine lieben Freunde, die Sie heute hier mit uns unter dem Weihnachtsbaume die Weihenacht begehen, versuchen Sie in Ihren Seelen erwas von der Empfindung wachzurufen, die uns beschleichen kann, wenn wir fühlen, wie wir gerade aus dem Grunde hier versammelt sind, damit wir jetzt schon lernen jene Impulse der Liebe in unserer Seele zu verwirklichen, die einst in fernerer und immer fernerer Zukunft immer mehr kommen müssen, wenn der Christus-Impuls, an den uns so schön die Weihenacht gemahnt, mit immer größerer und größerer Stärke, mit immer größerer und größerer Macht und mit immer tieferem und tieferem Verständnis in die Menschheitsentwickelung eingreift. Er wird ja nur eingreifen, wenn sich Seelen finden, die ihn in seiner ganzen Bedeutung verstehen. Zum Verständnis gehört auf diesem Gebiete aber die Liebe, die wir als das Schönste in der Menschheitsentwickelung gerade dann in unseren Seelen ausgebären können, wenn wir an diesem Abend oder in dieser Nacht unsere Herzen durchdringen mit dem geistigen Hinblick auf das Jesus-Kind, das von der übrigen Menschheit ausgestoßen und in die Ecke geworfen, geboren in einem Stalle, uns bildlich vorgeführt wird: so gleichsam «von außen» zu der Menschheitsentwickelung hinzukommend, aufgenommen von den Einfachsten an Geistigkeit, von den armen Hirten. Wenn wir das, was von diesem Bilde an Liebesimpuls in unsere Seele sich ergießen kann, heute versuchen in unseren Seelen auszugebären, dann wird es die Kraft haben bei dem, was wiir vollbringen wollen und was wir vollbringen sollen, beizutragen zu der Förderung der Aufgaben, die wir uns auf theosophischem Felde gesteckt haben, und die uns auf anthroposophischem Felde das Karma als tiefe und berechtigte Aufgaben gezeitigt hat.
Nehmen wir es aus der heutigen Betrachtung der Weihenacht mit, daß wir uns sagen: wir seien versammelt gewesen, um diesen Impuls der Liebe mit hinauszunehmen nicht nur für kurze Zeit, sondern für all unser Streben, das wir uns vorgesetzt haben, so wie wir es verstehen können aus dem Geiste unserer Weltanschauung heraus.
The Birth of Earth Light from the Darkness of Christmas Eve
It is wonderful, my dear friends, that circumstances allow us to gather here this festive evening. There are many among us who are alone in a certain sense on this day, while the vast majority are celebrating this festival of love and peace outside with those with whom they are connected in the world. But it goes without saying that we others, who are not bound in this way, are least of all excluded from participating in the celebration of love and peace, precisely because of the spiritual current in which we stand. What could be more appropriate to unite us this evening in the atmosphere, in the spiritual air of mutual love and peace that pervades our hearts, than a movement dedicated to the exploration of the spiritual? And in this respect, too, we may consider it good fortune that we are able to be united on this evening of this year and bring this festival close to our hearts through a little reflection. We may do so because this year we ourselves stand before the birth of that which, if we understand it correctly, must be very dear to our hearts: the birth of our Anthroposophical Society. If we have lived the great ideal that we want to express through the Anthroposophical Society in the right way, and if we are inclined to use our powers in the appropriate way for this great ideal of humanity, then it must be natural for us to let our thoughts wander from this spiritual light or means of light to the dawn of the great light of human evolution on Earth, which is celebrated through this night of love and peace, in which we truly have before us, spiritually or soulfully, what can be called the birth of the light of the earth, the light that is to be born out of the darkness of Christmas, but which is to shine upon human souls and human hearts for everything that these human souls and human hearts need in order to find the way up to the spiritual heights that are to be climbed through the Earth mission.
If we want to write into our hearts what we can feel on this Christmas Eve, what is it actually?
On this Christmas Eve, the basic human feeling of love should pour into our souls, the basic feeling that, compared to all other forces and powers and goods in the world, the good and the power and the strength of love are the greatest, the most intense, the most effective. The feeling that wisdom is something great — and love is something even greater; that power is something great — and love is something even greater — should pour into our hearts and souls. But the feeling of the power and strength of love should pour into our hearts so strongly that something from this Christmas night could overflow into all our feelings for the rest of the year, something we could say expresses what we always feel: We should actually be ashamed if, at any time of the year, we do something that cannot stand before the spiritual gaze of that night in which we want to pour the all-powerful love into our hearts. May the days and hours of the year pass in such a way that we need not be ashamed of the feeling we want to pour into our souls on Christmas Eve!
If we can feel this way, then we feel with all those beings who wanted to bring home to humanity the significance of Christmas, the significance of the relationship between Christmas and the whole Christ impulse within the evolution of the earth.
Before us stands this Christ impulse, one might say, in threefold form. And on the feast of Christ today, the Christ impulse can stand before us in threefold form in a meaningful way. One form is given to us by the Gospel of St. Matthew. The being who is born, or whose birth we celebrate at Christmas, enters human evolution in such a way that three leaders of humanity, three representatives of high magic, come to pay homage to the royal being who is entering human evolution. “Kings” in the spiritual sense of the word, magical kings, come to pay homage to the great spirit king who appears in the form he was able to attain by means of a being as high as Zarathustra once was, who went through his stages of development in order to reach the height of that spirit king to whom the magical kings wanted to pay homage. And so the spirit king of the Gospel of Matthew stands before our spiritual gaze, bringing into human evolution an infinite source of goodness and an infinite source of powerful love, that goodness and that love against which human wickedness feels called to fight. Therefore, we see in a second way the Spirit King entering human evolution in such a way that what must be hostility toward the Spirit King feels called upon to act in the form of Herod, and that the Spirit King must flee from what is hostile to the Spirit Kingship. Thus he stands before our spiritual gaze in majestic, magical glory. And before our soul appears the wonderful image of the Spirit King, the reincarnated Zarathustra, the noblest flower of human development—as it has passed through incarnation after incarnation on the physical plane and wisdom has brought it to completion—surrounded by the three magical Spirit Kings, themselves flowers and pinnacles of human development. The Christ impulse can appear before our souls in yet another form: as it appears to us in the Gospel of Mark and the Gospel of John, where we are led, as it were, to the cosmic Christ impulse, which expresses how human beings have their eternal connection with the great cosmic forces through our understanding of the cosmic Christ, how a cosmic impulse is taken into the earth's evolution itself through the mystery of Golgotha. Even as something infinitely greater and more powerful than the Spirit King, who stands before our spiritual eye surrounded by the Magi, the mighty cosmic being appears before us, wanting to take possession of the bearer of that human being who is the Spirit King, the flower and summit of Earth's development itself. It is basically only the short-sightedness of today's human beings that prevents them from feeling the full greatness and power of the turning point in human evolution that was brought about by Zarathustra becoming the bearer of the cosmic Christ spirit, and from feeling the full significance of what was prepared as the “Christ bearer” was prepared at that moment in human evolution which we celebrate through the Christian Christmas. A somewhat deeper insight into human evolution shows us everywhere how profoundly the Christ event has cut into the entire evolution of the earth. Let us feel this through a relevant reflection this evening, so that something from this reflection may radiate into our further anthroposophical deepening and contemplation.
Much could be said about this. It could be shown how, in times that were still closer to the spiritual, a completely new spirit appeared before humanity, in contrast to the spirit that had prevailed and worked in the pre-Christian era of Earth's evolution. For example, a figure was created, a figure that lived and that expresses to us how it affected a soul in the early Christian centuries when this soul first felt itself completely immersed in the old pagan spiritual knowledge and then felt how everything in the soul changed when it confronted the Christ impulse with the old pagan spiritual knowledge, uninhibited and without prejudice. Today we understand more and more a figure such as Faust. In this figure, which a more recent poet, Goethe, has, so to speak, revived, we feel the highest expression of human striving, but we also sense how the possibility of deepest guilt is to be expressed in it. But if one disregards everything that newer poetic power can give in artistic terms, one can say: one can feel the depth and significance that lived in a soul when, for example, one immerses oneself in the poetry of the Greek Empress Eudokia, who created a revival of the old legend of Cyprianus, which describes a person who lived entirely in the old pagan world of gods and became entangled in it, a man who, even after the mystery of Golgotha, was still completely devoted to the old pagan secrets, forces, and powers. There is a beautiful scene in which Cyprianus meets Justina, who has already been touched by the Christ impulse and is devoted to the powers represented by Christianity. He is tempted to lead her astray, to use the old pagan magic for this purpose. Everything that happens between Faust and Gretchen takes place in this atmosphere of struggle between ancient pagan impulses and the impulse of Christ. If we disregard the spiritual aspect, it still appears grandiose in the story of the old Cyprianus and in the temptation he was exposed to in relation to the Christian Justina. And even if Eudokia's poetry is not particularly good, one must nevertheless say: there is the shocking clash between the old pre-Christian world and the Christian world; there is Cyprianus, a man who still feels distant from Christianity, who still feels completely devoted to the old pagan gods: there is a certain power in the description. Only a few passages will be presented today, showing how Cyprianus feels about the magical powers of the pre-Christian spiritual forces. Thus we hear him say in the poem Eudoksa:
Confessors of Christ, who faithfully and warmly
cherish the much-praised Savior in your hearts,
See the fresh stream of my tears, and then
Hear from what source my sorrow comes.
And you who are still entangled in the dark delusion
Of idols, listen to what I
Will tell you of their lies and deceit.
For never has a man lived who, like
I was devoted to false gods
And knew the ways of demons so well.
Yes, I am Cyprianus, whom as a child
My parents offered to Apollo.
The lullaby of the tender infant
Was the noise of orgies when the feast
of the horrible dragon. At the age of seven,
I was consecrated to the sun god Mithras.
I lived in the sublime city of Athens
and became a citizen there. For that was what pleased
my parents. When I was ten years old,
I lit Demeter's torches
And immersed myself in Cora's lament.
I cherished Pallas' snake in the castle
As a temple boy.Then I climbed up to the forest mountain Olympus, where fools imagine
The bright abode of the blessed gods.
I saw the Horae and the swarm of winds, The choir of days, winged by fantasy
And drifting through life with illusions.
I saw a crowd of spirits bent on battle,
And ambushes full of cunning; some bursting with mockery
And laughter, and others completely
Paralyzed with fear. Did I see all the ranks?
Of goddesses and gods. For well forty
And more days I lingered there.
It was my meal when Helios sank,
The fruit of the densely leafed treetops. As
If they had been sent from a high royal castle
The spirit messengers pass through the air,
To descend to the world where
Mankind afflicts them with a thousand evils.
I counted fifteen years and already knew
The power of the gods and spirits,
For seven high priests taught me.
It was my parents' will that I should gain
Above all, knowledge of what is on earth,
In the realm of the air and in the deep sea.
I have searched what broods in the human breast
That brings ruin, what ferments in the grass,
In the sap of flowers, what creeps around weary bodies
As infirmity, and what the colorful serpent,
The prince of the world creates with wicked cunning,
To dispute God's eternal counsel.I went to the beautiful land of Argos,
The horse-breeding land. The festival of Eos,
The white-robed wife of Tithonus,
Was just beginning, and there I became her priest.
I learned what, like brothers,
pervades the air and this pole,
what makes water akin to the fields,
and what clouds the sky as rain showers.
Thus Cyprianus had learned everything there was to know when one was initiated, so to speak, into the pre-Christian mysteries. Oh, he describes them accurately, these powers to which those who were entrusted with the ancient initiation documents could look up in the time when these ancient documents were no longer valid; he describes them captivatingly in their awfulness that no longer belongs to this time.
I saw the demon himself face to face,
After I had won him over with sacrifices;
I spoke to him, and he replied to me
With flattering words. Praising my youthful beauty
And my skill in his works,
He promised me dominion over this world
And gave me power to command the spirits.
He greeted me by name as I departed,
And his great ones looked on in amazement.
His face is like a flower of pure gold;
He wears a diadem of sparkling stones
And a flaming robe. The earth trembles
When he moves. In dense rows around him stand
Spear-bearers, their eyes downcast.
Thus he imagines himself a god, thus he mocks
The works of the Eternal, whom he insolently denies.
But powerless, he creates only shadowy forms;
For the essence of demons is appearance.
And how temptation approaches him, how it all affects him before he learns about the Christ impulse, that too is described to us.
I left the land of the Persians and came
To Antioch, the great city
Of the Syrians; here I performed many wonders
Of sorcery and hellish magic.
A young man sought me out, Aglaidas,
Inflamed with love, and with him many companions.
It was a girl, Justina is her name,
For whom he was passionate, and wrapping his arms around my knees
He implored me to draw her into his arms
Through the art of sorcery. And there, for the first time
The powerlessness of the daemon became apparent to me.
For as many spirits as he commands,
He sent against that maiden,
And they all returned in shame.
Justina's pious faith also brought shame upon me, Aglaidas's helper.
She showed me how vain my art was.
I spent many sleepless nights
tormenting myself with sorcery.<
For ten weeks the prince of spirits assailed
The heart of the maiden. Alas, Eros
Had not wounded Aglaidas alone,
But also seized me with the frenzy of love.
And from this confusion into which the old world had brought him, Cyprianus is healed by the Christ impulse—it is something like a shadow, only immersed in a greater poetic power, which we then have before us in the Faust poem—by casting off the old spell in order to understand the Christ impulse in all its greatness. Such a figure shows us clearly how people felt in the first centuries of Christianity, which we have now brought before our souls in two forms, repeating some things.
A third figure, a third aspect, as it were, of the Christ impulse is that which can show us how, through what we can call “theosophy” in the full sense of the word, we can feel connected with everything that is human. This is the aspect that only the Gospel of Luke describes and that has continued to have an effect in the presentation of the Christ impulse as it is prepared by the “child.” In the love and simplicity and at the same time powerlessness with which the child Jesus appears to us in the Gospel of Luke, the Christ impulse was suited to be placed before all hearts. Everyone could feel connected to what was so simple, so childlike, and yet so great and powerful in the child of Luke's Gospel, who is not presented to the magical kings, but to the poor shepherds in the field. That being in the Gospel of Matthew stands at the summit of human evolution, and spiritual kings, magical kings, come to pay homage. The child in Luke's Gospel stands there in simplicity, excluded from human evolution, initially as a child, not received by the great, but received by the shepherds in the fields. This is not how it is in the evolution of humanity, the child of Luke's Gospel, that we are made aware in Luke's Gospel, as it were, of how the wickedness of the world feels called upon to oppose his royal spiritual power. No. But what strikes us clearly, even if we are not immediately confronted with Herod's violence and wickedness, is that what is given in this child is so great, so noble, so significant that humanity itself cannot accept it into its ranks, that it appears poor and abandoned by human development, as if thrown into a corner, and thus in a remarkable way shows us its superhuman, divine or, what is the same thing, cosmic origin. And how inspiring was this Gospel of Luke for all those who, in numerous artistic and other representations, have rendered again and again scenes inspired by the Gospel of Luke! Do we not feel, in contrast to other artistic representations, that those artistic representations inspired by the Gospel of Luke over the centuries depict Jesus as a being with whom every human being, even the simplest, can feel a kinship? Through the influence of the boy Jesus in Luke's Gospel, even the simplest person learned to feel the entire event in Palestine as a family event that concerned him personally, like the event of a close relative. No Gospel has had such a lasting effect as the Gospel of Luke, with its gentle mood and flow, in making the essence of Jesus intimate to the human soul. And yet, everything is contained in this childlike presentation, everything that should be contained in a certain aspect of the Christ impulse: that the highest thing in the world, in the whole world, is love; that wisdom is great, is something to strive for, that without wisdom beings cannot exist, but that love is something greater; that the power and strength through which the world is built is something great, without which the world cannot exist, but that love is something greater. Only those who can feel the higher nature of love in relation to power, strength, and wisdom can feel the Christ impulse correctly. We must strive for wisdom, above all as human spiritual individuals, because wisdom belongs to the divine impulses of the world. And that we must strive for wisdom, that wisdom must be the sacred good that brings us forward, should be shown in the first scene of “The Trial of the Soul,” that we must not let wisdom dry up, that we must cultivate it in order to ascend the ladder of human development through wisdom. But wherever there is wisdom, there is a duality: the wisdom of the gods and the wisdom of the Luciferic forces. The being that strives for wisdom comes close, under all conditions, to the enemies of the gods, the host of the light bearers, the host of Lucifer. Therefore, there is no divine omniscience, because wisdom always has an opponent: Lucifer.
And power and strength! Through wisdom the world is understood, through wisdom it is seen, it is illuminated; through power and strength the world is built. Everything that comes into being comes into being through the power and strength that is in beings, and we would exclude ourselves from the world if we did not seek our share in the power and strength of the world. We see this power and strength of the world when lightning flashes through the clouds, we perceive it when thunder rolls, when rain pours down from the heavens to fertilize the earth, or when the sun's rays shine down to conjure forth the plant seeds slumbering in the earth. In the forces of nature that act upon the earth, we see this power and strength as beneficial, in the form of sunshine, rain, and clouds; but on the other hand, we see this power and strength, for example, in volcanoes, rising up against the earth itself: heavenly power against heavenly power. And we look into this world and we know: if we ourselves want to be beings of the universe, then something of them must also be at work within us; we must have our share in the power and strength. This is how we stand within the world: the divine and the Ahrimanic forces live through us and flash through us. Omnipotence is not all-powerful, for it always has its opponent, Ahriman, against it.
Between them—between power and wisdom—stands love, and we feel that when it is true love, it is solely and exclusively divine. We can speak of omnipotence and omnipotence as ideals, but they are opposed by Ahriman. We can speak of omniscience as an ideal, but it is opposed by the power of Lucifer. To say “all-love” seems absurd, because it is incapable of increase if we practice it correctly. Wisdom can be small—it can be increased; power can be small—it can be increased. Therefore, omniscience and omnipotence can be regarded as ideals. Love of the world—we feel that the concept of all-love must be excluded from it, because love is something unique.
Just as in the Gospel of Luke, the baby Jesus is presented to us, so he appears to us as the personification of love; but he appears to us as the personification of love between wisdom or omniscience and omnipotence. And basically, it appears to us this way because he is a child. The intensification lies only in the fact that, in addition to everything else that a child has, the child also has the characteristic of abandonment, of being cast out into a corner of humanity. We already see the miraculous structure of the human being in the child's organism. Wherever we turn our eyes in the vast universe, there is nothing that comes about so much through wisdom alone as this miraculous structure, which appears before our eyes, unspoiled, in the child's organism. And just as what is universal wisdom in the physical body appears in the child, so it also appears in its etheric body, where the wisdom of cosmic powers expresses itself, and thus in the astral body and in the I. The child lies there like an extract of wisdom. And when it is thrown into a corner, as the child Jesus was, we feel that there lies an image of perfection: concentrated world wisdom.
But omnipotence also appears to us in personified form when the child lies there as described in the Gospel of Luke. The nature of omnipotence in relation to the child's body and being is felt by those who can visualize in their souls the full power of what divine powers and natural forces can accomplish. One should visualize the power of the natural forces and powers near the earth when the weather is raging; think of the natural forces that reign below in the earth, stormy and turbulent; think of the whole seething of the world powers and world forces, of everything that rushes together from the good powers and the Ahrimanic powers; think of how it rages and stirs. And now imagine that everything that is rushing about in such confusion is being pushed aside by a small spot in the world so that the miraculous structure of the child's body can lie in this small spot in order to select a small body: for the child's body must be protected; if it were exposed to the forces of nature for just a moment, it would be swept away! Then you feel that you are placed in the midst of omnipotence. And now you feel what the human soul can feel when it looks impartially at what the Gospel of Luke expresses: Approach this concentrated wisdom of the child with wisdom, approach it with the greatest human wisdom: this wisdom is mockery and folly! For it can never be as great as the wisdom that was expended so that the child's body could lie before us. The highest wisdom remains folly and must stand shyly before this child's body and worship heavenly wisdom, but it knows that it cannot attain it: this wisdom is only mockery, it must feel rejected in its own folly.
No, with wisdom we cannot approach what is presented to us as the Jesus being in the Gospel of Luke. Can we approach it with power?
We cannot approach it with power. For the use of power only makes sense where countervailing power asserts itself. But the child encounters us — whether we want to use much or little power — with its powerlessness and mocks our power in its powerlessness! For it would be meaningless to approach the child with power, since it opposes us with nothing but powerlessness.
This is the wonderful thing about the Christ impulse: in its preparation, it is presented to us in the child Jesus, and in the Gospel of Luke it confronts us in such a way that, no matter how wise we may be, we cannot approach it with our wisdom, nor can we approach it with our power. Everything else that connects us to the world cannot approach the child Jesus as he is described in the Gospel of Luke. Only one thing can approach him—not wisdom, not power: love. And to offer this love in an unlimited way to the childlike being is the only thing possible. The power of love, and the sole justification and sole meaning of love, is what we can feel so deeply when we allow the Gospel of Luke to touch our souls.
We live in the world, and no one should mock the impulses of the world. It would be to deny one's humanity and to deceive the gods if one did not strive for wisdom. Every day and every hour of the year is well spent when we realize that it is our human duty to strive for wisdom. But every day and every hour of the year also forces us to become aware of how we are placed in the world and are a plaything of the forces and powers of the world, of the omnipotence that pulsates through the world. But there is a moment when we can forget this and remember what the Gospel of Luke presents to us: when we remember the child who is even more powerless and even wiser than other human children, and toward whom the highest love in its rightful form is revealed, toward whom wisdom must stand still, toward whom power must stand still.
Thus we can truly feel the significance of the fact that it is precisely this Christ Child, received by simple shepherds, who is presented to us as the third aspect of the Christ impulse: alongside the great cosmic aspect and the spiritual-royal aspect, the childlike aspect. The spiritual-royal aspect approaches us in such a way that we are reminded of the highest wisdom, and that the ideal of highest wisdom is placed before us. The cosmic aspect appears before us in such a way that we know that through it the whole direction of Earth's development is being reshaped. Supreme power through the cosmic impulse is revealed to us, supreme power so great that it even conquers death. What must be added as the third element to wisdom and power, and must sink into our souls as that which transcends the other two, is presented to us as that from which human evolution on earth, on the physical plane, proceeds. And this has been enough to bring home to humanity, through the recurring presentation of the birth of Jesus at Christmas, the whole meaning of love in the development of the world and of humanity. Thus, on Christmas, the birth of the child Jesus is presented before us, but through the sight of this birth of the child Jesus in our souls, the understanding of genuine, true, all-encompassing love can be born in every Christmas. And when, in the right way, the understanding of the feeling of love awakens in our souls at Christmas, when we celebrate the birth of Christ: the awakening of love—then from that moment we experience, what we need for the remaining days and hours of the year can radiate forth, so that what we strive for in wisdom every day and every hour of the year may be blessed and imbued with it.
In a remarkable way, it was precisely through this emphasis on the impulse of love that Christianity already established itself in human evolution in Roman times: that something can be found in human souls where souls come close to one another by not touching what the world gives to human beings, but what human souls have through themselves. People have always felt the need for such closeness among humanity in love. But when the mystery of Golgotha approached, what had it become in the Roman world? It had become the Saturnalia. In the days of December, beginning on the seventeenth, the Saturnalia began, when differences in rank and class were abolished. Only human beings stood face to face with one another; high and low ceased to exist, and everyone addressed each other informally. Everything that came from the outer world was swept away. But for fun and amusement, people gave children “Saturnalia gifts,” which later became our Christmas gifts. The ancient Romans had come to the conclusion that one must resort to fun and amusement if one wants to transcend the distinctions that otherwise prevail.
At this time, something new arose, where people did not seek jokes and fun, but rather the highest in their souls, the spiritual. Thus, the feeling of equality between people found its way into Christianity at the time when it took on the exuberant form of the Saturnalia in Rome. But this also testifies to the aspect of love, of universal human love, which can prevail from person to person when we grasp the human being in his deepest essence. We grasp him in his deepest essence, for example, when a child waits on Christmas Eve for the coming of the Christ Child or the Christmas angel. How does the child wait then? It waits for the coming of the Christ Child or the Christmas angel in such a way that it knows: He does not come from the human world; he comes from the spiritual world! It is a kind of understanding of the spiritual world in which the child proves to be similar to adults. For they too know what the child knows: that the Christ impulse has come into the earth's evolution from higher worlds! And so it is not only the child of Luke's Gospel who appears spiritually before our souls at Christmas, but also that which Christmas is meant to bring to the human heart appears in the most beautiful way before every child's soul — uniting the understanding of children with that of adults. Everything that a child can feel when it first begins to think at all is one pole. And the other pole is what we can feel in our highest spiritual affairs, what we can feel when we are faithfully devoted to that impulse mentioned at the beginning of our present consideration, where we develop the will for what we are striving for as a spiritual light in the Anthroposophical Society now to be created. For there, too, we want what is to come into human evolution to be carried by something that comes to us from spiritual realms as an impulse. And just as a child feels toward the Christmas angel who brings him his Christmas presents—he feels connected to the spiritual in his naive way—so we may connect ourselves to the spiritual that we long for at Christmas as the impulse that can bring what we strive for as such a high ideal. And if we find ourselves united in this circle in such love as can flow from a true understanding of Christmas, then we will be able to achieve what should be achieved through our Anthroposophical Society, through our anthroposophical ideal. We will achieve what is to be achieved through united work if a ray of that love from human being to human being can touch us, which we can learn about when we devote ourselves in the right way to understanding Christmas.
So it is, in a sense, a privilege for those dear friends who are united with us this evening to have the feeling they are allowed to have. Even if they are not sitting here or there, connected with this or that person, in the usual way during the present cycle of time, our dear friends are nevertheless sitting under the Christmas tree. And all of you, my dear friends, who are celebrating Christmas Eve here with us under the Christmas tree, try to awaken in your souls something of the feeling that can come over us when we feel that we are gathered here for this very reason, so that we may already learn to realize in our souls those impulses of love which must come more and more in the distant and ever more distant future, when the Christ impulse, which Christmas so beautifully reminds us of, intervenes in human evolution with ever greater strength, with ever greater power, and with ever deeper understanding. It will only intervene when souls are found who understand it in its full meaning. But understanding in this realm requires love, which we can bring forth in our souls as the most beautiful thing in human evolution precisely when, on this evening or during this night, we fill our hearts with the spiritual vision of the Child Jesus, who was rejected by the rest of humanity and cast into a corner, born in a stable, presented to us in pictures: as if coming “from outside” to human evolution, taken in by the simplest in spirit, by the poor shepherds. If we try today to bring forth in our souls what this image can pour into our souls as an impulse of love, then it will have the power to contribute to the promotion of the tasks we have set ourselves in the theosophical field, and which karma has given us in the anthroposophical field as deep and justified tasks.
Let us take away from today's reflection on Christmas that we have gathered together to carry this impulse of love with us, not just for a short time, but for all our endeavors that we have set ourselves, as we understand them from the spirit of our worldview.