The Bhagavad Gita and the Epistles of Paul
GA 142
1 January 1913, Cologne
Lecture V
During this course of lectures we have brought before our souls two remarkable documents of humanity, although necessarily described very briefly on account of the limited number of lectures; and we have seen what impulses had to flow into the evolution of mankind in order that these two significant documents, the sublime Gita and the Epistles of St. Paul, might come into existence. What it is important for us to grasp is the essential difference between the whole spirit of the Gita and that of the Epistles of St. Paul. As we have already said:—in the Gita we have the teachings that Krishna was able to give to his pupil Arjuna. Such teachings can only be given and should only be given to one person individually, for they are in reality exactly what they appear in the Gita; teachings of an intimate nature. On the other hand, it may be said that they are now within the reach of anyone, because they appear in the Gita. This naturally was not the case at the time the Gita was composed. They did not then reach all ears; they were then only communicated by word of mouth. In those old days teachers were careful to ascertain the maturity of the pupil to whom they were about to communicate such teachings; they always made sure of his being ready for them. In our time this is no longer possible as regards all the teachings and instructions which have in some way come openly to light. We are living in an age in which the spiritual life is in a certain sense public. Not that there is no longer any occult science in our day, but it cannot be considered occult simply because it is not printed or spread abroad. There is plenty of occult science even in our day. The scientific teaching of Fichte, for instance, although everyone can procure it in printed form, is really a secret teaching; and finally Hegel's philosophy is also a secret doctrine, for it is very little known and has indeed many reasons in it for remaining a secret teaching; and this is the case with many things in our day. The scientific teaching of Fichte and the philosophy of Hegel have a very simple method of remaining secret doctrine, in that they are written in such a way that most people do not understand them, and fall asleep if they read the first pages. In that way the subject itself remains a secret doctrine, and this is the case in our own age with a great deal which many people think they know. They do not know it; thus these things remain secret doctrine; and, in reality, such things as are to be found in the Gita also remain secret doctrine, although they may be made known in the widest circles by means of printing. For while one person who takes up the Gita today sees in it great and mighty revelations about the evolution of man's own inner being, another will only see in it an interesting poem; to him all the perceptions and feelings expressed in the Gita are mere trivialities. For let no one think that he has really made what is in the Gita his own, although he may be able to express in the words of the Gita itself what is contained in it, but which may itself be far removed from his comprehension. Thus the greatness of the subject itself is in many respects a protection against its becoming common. What is certain is that the teachings which are poetically worked out in the Gita are such that each one must follow, must experience them for himself, if, through them, he wishes to rise in his soul, and finally to experience the meeting with the Lord of Yoga, with Krishna. It is therefore an individual matter; something which the great Teacher addresses to one individual alone. It is a different thing when we consider the contents of the Epistles of St. Paul from this point of view. There we see that all is for the community, all is matter appealing to the many. For if we fix our attention upon, the innermost core of the essence of the Krishna-teaching we must say: What one experiences through this teaching, one experiences for oneself alone, in the strictest seclusion of one's own soul, and one can only have the meeting with Krishna as a lonely soul-wanderer, after one has found the way back to the original revelations and experiences of mankind. That which Krishna can give must be given to each individual.
This is not the ease with the revelation given to the world through the Christ-Impulse. From the beginning the Christ-Impulse was intended for all humanity, and the Mystery of Golgotha was not consummated as an act for the individual soul alone; but we must think of the whole of mankind from the very beginning to the very end of the earth's evolution, and realise that what happened at Golgotha was for all men. It is to the greatest possible extent a matter for the community in general. Therefore the style of the Epistles of St. Paul, apart from all that has already been characterised, must be quite different from the style of the sublime Gita. Let us once more picture clearly the relationship between Krishna and Arjuna. He gives his pupil unequivocal directions as Lord of Yoga as to how he can rise in his soul in order to attain the vision of Krishna. Let us compare with this a specially pregnant passage in the Pauline Epistles, in which a community turn to St. Paul and ask him whether this or that was true, whether this could be considered as giving the right views about what he had taught. In the instructions which St. Paul gives, we find a passage which may certainly be compared in greatness, even in artistic style with what we find in the sublime Gita; but at the same time we find quite a different tone, we find everything spoken from quite a different soul-feeling; It is where St. Paul writes to the Corinthians of how the different human gifts to be found in a group of people must work in cooperation. To Arjuna, Krishna says “Thou must be so and so, thou must do this or that, then wilt thou rise stage by stage in thy soul-life.” To his Corinthians St. Paul says: “One of you has this gift, another that, a third another; and if these work harmoniously together, as do the members of the human body, the result is spiritually a whole which can spiritually be permeated with the Christ.” Thus through the subject itself St. Paul addresses himself to men who work together, that is to say, to a multitude; and he uses an important opportunity to do this-namely, when the gift of the so-called speaking with tongues comes under consideration.
What is this speaking with tongues that we find spoken of in St. Paul's Epistles? It is neither more nor less than a survival of old spiritual gifts, which, in a renewed way, but with full human consciousness, confront-us again at the present time. For when, among our initiation-methods, we speak of Inspiration, it is understood that a man who attains to inspiration in our age does so with a clear consciousness; just as he brings a clear consciousness to bear upon his powers of understanding and his sense-realisations. But in olden times this was different, then such a man spoke as an instrument of high spiritual beings who made use of his organs to express higher things through his speech. He might sometimes say things which he himself could not understand at all. Thus revelations from the spiritual worlds were given, which were not necessarily understood by him who was used as an instrument, and just that was the case in Corinth. The situation had there arisen of a number of persons having this gift of tongues. They were then able to make this or that prediction from the spiritual worlds. Now when a man possesses such gifts everything he is able to reveal by their means is under all circumstances a revelation from the spiritual world, yet it may, nevertheless, be the case that one man may say this and another that, for spiritual sources are manifold, One may be inspired from one source and another from another, and thus it may happen that the revelations do not correspond. Complete harmony can only be found when these worlds are entered in full consciousness. Therefore St. Paul gives the following admonition: “Some there are who can speak with tongues, others who can interpret the words spoken. They should work together as do the right and left hands, and we should not only listen to those who speak with tongues, but also to those who have not that gift, but who can expound and understand what someone is able to bring down from the spiritual sphere.” Here again St. Paul was urging the question of a community which might be founded through the united working of men. In connection with this very speaking with tongues St. Paul gave that address which, as I have said, is in certain respects so wonderful that in its might it may well compare, though in a different way-with the revelations of the Gita. He says (1 Cor. xii. verses 3-31): “As regards the spiritually gifted brethren, I will not leave you without instructions. You know that in the time of your heathendom, it was to dumb idols that you were blindly led by desire. Wherefore I make clear to you: that just as little as one speaking in the Spirit of God says: Accursed be Jesus; so little can a man call Him Lord but through the Holy Spirit. Now there are diversities of gracious gifts, but there is one Spirit. There are diversities in the guidance of mankind, but there is one Lord. There are differences in the force which individual men possess; but there is one God Who works in all these forces. But to every man is given the manifestation of the Spirit, as much as he can profit by it. So to one is given the word of prophecy, to another the word of knowledge; others are spirits who live in faith; again others have the gift of healing, others the gift of prophecy, others have the gift of seeing into men's characters, others that of speaking different tongues, and to others again is given the interpretation of tongues; but in all these worketh one and the same Spirit, apportioning to each one what is due to him. For as the body is one and hath many members, yet all the members together form one body, so also is it with Christ. For through the Spirit we are all baptised into one body, whether Jew or Greek, bond or free, and have all been imbued with one spirit; so also the body is not made of one but of many members. If the foot were to say: Because I am not the hand therefore I do not belong to the body, it would none the less belong to it. And if the ear were to say: Because I am not the eye I do not belong to the body, none the less does it belong to the body. If the whole body were only an eye, where would be the hearing? If the whole body were a sense of hearing, where would be the power of smell? But now hath God set each one of the members in the body where it seemed good to Him. If there were only one member, where would the body be? But now there are truly many members, but there is only one body. The eye may not say to the hand: I do not require thee! nor the head to the feet—I have no need of you; rather those which appear to be the feeble members of the body are necessary, and those which we consider mean prove themselves to be specially important. God has put the body together and has recognised the importance of the unimportant members that there should be no division in the body, but that all the members should work harmoniously together and should care for one another. And if one member suffer, all the members suffer with it, and it one member prosper, all the members rejoice with it. “But ye,” said St. Paul to his Corinthians, “are the Body of Christ, and are severally the members thereof. And some God hath set in the community as apostles, others as prophets, a third part as teachers, a fourth as miraculous healers, a fifth for other activities in helping, a sixth for the administration of the community, and a seventh He set aside to speak with tongues. Shall all men be prophets, shall all men be apostles, shall all be teachers, all healers, shall all speak with tongues, or shall all interpret? Therefore it is right for all the gifts to work together, but the more numerous they are the better.”
Then Paul speaks of the force that can prevail in the individual but also in the community, and that holds all the separate members together as the strength of the body holds the separate members of the body together. Krishna says nothing more beautiful to one man than St. Paul spoke to humanity in its different members. Then he speaks of the Christ-Power, which holds the different members together just as the body holds its different members together; and the force that can live in one individual as the life-force in every one of his limbs, and yet lives also in a whole community; that is described by St. Paul in powerful words: “Nevertheless I will show you,” says he, “the way that is higher than all else. If I could speak with tongues of men or of angels and have not love, my speech is but as sounding brass or a clanging cymbal, and if I could prophesy and reveal all secrets and communicate all the knowledge in the world, and if I had all the faith that could remove mountains themselves and had not love, it would all be nothing. And if I distributed every spiritual gift, yea, if I gave my body itself to be burnt, but were lacking in love, it would all be in vain. Love endureth ever. Love is kind. Love knoweth not envy. Love knoweth not boasting, knoweth not pride. Love injureth not what is decorous, seeketh not her own advantage, doth not let herself be provoked, beareth no one any malice, doth not rejoice in unrighteousness, but rejoiceth only in truth. Love envelopeth all, streameth through all beliefs, hopeth all things, practiseth toleration everywhere. Love, if it existeth, can never be lost. Prophesies vanish when they are fulfilled, what is spoken with tongues ceases when it can no longer speak to human hearts; what is known ceases when the subject of knowledge is exhausted, for we know in part, and we prophesy in part, but when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away. When I was a child, I spoke as a child, I felt as a child; when I became, a man the world of childhood was past. Now we only see dark outlines in a mirror, but then we shall see the spirit face to face; now is my knowledge in part, but then I shall know completely, even as I myself am known. Now abideth Faith, the certainty of Hope, and Love; but Love is the greatest of these, hence Love is above all. For if you could have all spiritual gifts, whoever himself understands prophecy must also strive after love; for whoever speaks with tongues speaks not among men, he speaks among Gods. No one understands him, because in the spirit he speaketh mysteries.” We see how St. Paul understands the nature of speaking with tongues. His meaning is: The speaker with tongues is transported into the spiritual worlds; he speaks among Gods. Whoever prophesies speaks to men to build up, to warn, to comfort; he who speaks with tongues, to a certain extent satisfies himself; he who prophesies builds up the community. If you all attain to speaking with tongues, it is yet more important that you should prophesy. He who prophesies is greater than he who speaks with tongues, for he who speaks with tongues must first understand his own speaking, in order that the community should do so. Supposing that I came to' you as a speaker with tongues, of what use should I be to you if I did not tell you what my speaking signifies as prophecy, teaching and revelation! My speaking would be like a flute or a zither, of which one could not clearly distinguish the sounds. How could one distinguish the playing of either the zither or of the flute if they did not give forth distinct sounds? And if the trumpet gave forth an indistinct sound, who would arm himself to battle? So it is with you; if you cannot connect a distinct language with the tongue-speaking, it is all merely spoken into the air.
All this shows us that the different spiritual gifts must be divided amongst the community, and that the members as individuals, must work together. With this we come to the point at which the revelation of Paul, through the moment in human evolution in which it appears, must differ absolutely from that of Krishna. The Krishna-revelation is directed to one individual, but in reality applies to every man if he is ripe to tread the upward path prescribed to him by the Lord of Yoga; we are more and more reminded of the primeval ages of mankind, to which we always, according to Krishna-teaching, return in spirit. At that time men were less individualised, one could assume that for each man the same teaching and directions would be suitable. St. Paul confronted mankind when individuals were becoming differentiated, when they really had to become differentiated, each one with his special capacity, his own special gift. One could then no longer reckon on being able to pour the same thing into each different soul; one had then to point to that which is invisible and rules over all. This, which lives in no man as a separate individual, although it may be within each one, is the Christ-Impulse. The Christ-Impulse, again, is something like a new group-soul of humanity, but one that must be consciously sought for by men. To make this clearer, let us picture to ourselves how, for instance, a number of Krishna students are to be distinguished in the spiritual worlds, from a number of those who have been moved in the deepest part of their being by the Christ-Impulse. The Krishna pupils have every one of them been stirred by one and the same impulse, which has been given them by the Lord of Yoga. In spiritual life each one of these is like the other. The same instructions have been given to them all. But those who have been moved by the Christ-Impulse, are each, when disembodied and in the spiritual world, possessed of their own particular individuality, their own distinct spiritual forces. Therefore even in the spiritual world, one man may go in one direction and one in another; and the Leader of both, the One Who pours Himself into the soul of each one, no matter how individualised he may be, is the Christ, Who is in the soul of each one and at the same time soars above them all. So we still have a differentiated community even when the souls are discarnate, while the souls of the Krishna pupils, when they have received instructions from the Lord of Yoga, are as one unit. The object of human evolution, however, is that souls should become more and more differentiated.
Therefore it was necessary that Krishna should speak in a different way. He really speaks to his pupils just as he does in the Gita. But St. Paul must speak differently. He really speaks to each individual, and it is a question of individual development whether, according to the degree of his maturity, a man remains at a certain stage of his incarnation at a standstill in exoteric life, or whether he is able to enter the esoteric life and raise himself into esoteric Christianity. We can go further and further in the Christian life and attain the utmost esoteric heights; but we must start from something different from what we start from in the Krishna-teaching. In the Krishna-teaching you start from the point you have reached as man, and raise the soul individually, as a separate being; in Christianity, before you attempt to go further along the path you must have gained a connection with the Christ-Impulse-feeling in the first place that this transcends all else. The spiritual path to Krishna can only be trodden by one who receives instructions from Krishna; the spiritual path to Christ can be trodden by anyone, for Christ brought the mystery for all men who feel drawn towards it. That, however, is something external, accomplished on the physical plane; the first step is, therefore taken on the physical plane. That is the essential thing. Truly one need not, if one looks into the world-historical importance of the Christ-Impulse, begin by belonging to this or that Christian denomination; on the contrary one can, just in our time, even start from an anti-Christian standpoint, or from one of indifference towards Christ. Yet if one goes deeply into the spiritual life of our own age, examining the contradictions and follies of materialism, perhaps one may genuinely be led to Christ, even though to begin with one may not have belonged to any particular creed. Therefore when it is said outside our circle that we are starting from a peculiar Christian denomination, this must be regarded as a special calumny; for it is not a matter of starting from any denomination, but that in response to the demands of the spiritual life itself, everyone, be he Mahommedan or Buddhist, Jew or Hindu, or Christian, shall be able to understand the Christ-Impulse in its whole significance for the evolution of mankind. This desire we can see deeply penetrating the whole view and presentation of St. Paul, and in this respect he is absolutely the one who sets the tone for the first proclamation of the Christ-Impulse to the world.
As we have described how Sankhya philosophy concerns itself with the changing forms, with that which appertains to Prakriti, we may also say that St. Paul, in all that underlies his profound Epistles, deals with Purusha, that which pertains to the soul. What the soul is to become, the destiny of the soul, how throughout the whole evolution of mankind it evolves in manifold ways, concerning all this St. Paul gives us quite definite and profound conclusions. There is a fundamental difference between what Eastern thought was still able to give us, and what we find at once with such wonderful clearness in St. Paul. We pointed out yesterday that, according to Krishna, everything depended on man's finding his way out of the changing forms. But Prakriti remains outside, as something foreign to the soul. All the striving in this Eastern method of development and even in the Eastern initiation, tends to free one from material existence' from that which is spread outside in nature; for that, according to the Veda-philosophy, is merely maya. Everything external is maya, and to be free from maya is Yoga. We have pointed out how in the Gita it is expected of man that he shall become free from all he does and accomplishes, from what he wills and thinks, from what he likes and enjoys, and in his soul shall triumph over everything external. The work that man accomplishes should equally fall away from him, and thus resting within himself, he shall find satisfaction. Thus, he who wishes to develop according to the Krishna teaching, aspires to become something like a Paramahamsa, that is to say, a high Initiate who leaves all material existence, behind him, who triumphs over all he has himself accomplished by his actions in this world of sense; and lives a purely spiritual existence, having so overcome what belongs to the senses that he no longer thirsts for reincarnation, that he has nothing more to do with what filled his life and at which he worked in this sense-world. Thus it is the issuing forth from this maya, the triumphing over it which meets us everywhere in the Gita, With St. Paul it is not so.
If he had met with these Eastern teachings, something in the depth of his soul would have caused the following words to come forth: “Yes, thou wishest to rise above all that surrounds thee outside, from that also which thou formerly accomplished there! Dost thou wish to leave all that behind thee? Is not then all that the work of God, is not everything above which thou wishest to lift thyself created by the Divine Spirit? In despising that, art thou not despising the work of God? Does not the revelation of God's Spirit dwell everywhere within it? Didst thou not at first seek to represent God in thine own work, in love and faith and devotion, and now desirest thou to triumph over what is the work of God?”
It would be well, my dear friends, if we were to inscribe these words of St. Paul-which though unspoken were felt in the depths of his soul-deeply into our own souls; for they express an important part of what we know as Western revelation. In the Pauline sense, we too speak of the maya which surrounds us. We certainly say: We are surrounded by maya: but we also say: Is there not spiritual revelation in this maya, is it not all divine spiritual work? Is it not blasphemy to fail to understand that there is divine spiritual work in all things? Now arises the other question: Why is that maya there -? Why do we see maya around us? The West does not stop at the question as to whether all is maya: it inquires as to the wherefore of maya. Then follows an answer that leads us into the centre of the soul—into Purusha: Because the soul once came under the power of Lucifer it sees everything through the veil of maya and spreads the veil of maya over everything. Is it the fault of objectivity that we see maya? No. To us as souls objectivity would appear in all its truth, if we had not come under the power of Lucifer. It only appears to us as maya because we are not capable of seeing down into the foundations of what is spread out there. That comes from the soul's having come under the power of Lucifer; it is not the fault of the Gods, it is the fault of our own soul. Thou, O soul, hast made the world a maya to thyself, because thou hast fallen into the power of Lucifer. From the highest spiritual grasp of this formula, down to the words of Goethe: “The senses do not deceive, but the judgment deceives,” is one straight line. The Philistines and zealots may fight against Goethe and his Christianity as much as they like; he might nevertheless say that he is one of the most Christian of men, for in the depths of his being he thought as a Christian, even in that very formula: “The senses do not deceive, but the judgment deceives.” It is the soul's own fault that what it sees appears as maya and not as truth. So that which in Orientalism appears simply as an act of Gods themselves, is diverted into the depths of the human soul, where the great struggle with Lucifer takes place.
Thus Orientalism, if we consider it aright, is in a certain sense materialism, in that it does not recognise the spirituality of maya, and wishes to rise above matter. That which pulses through the Epistles of St. Paul is a doctrine of the soul, although only existing in germ and therefore capable of being so mistaken and misunderstood as in our Tamas-time, but it will in the future be visibly spread out over the whole earth. This, concerning the peculiar nature of maya, will have to be understood; for only then can one understand the full depth of that which is the object of the progress of human evolution. Then only does one understand what St. Paul means when he speaks of the first Adam, who succumbed to Lucifer in his soul, and who was therefore more and more entangled in matter-which means nothing else than this: ensnared in a false experiencing of matter. As God's creation external matter is good: what takes place there is good. But what the soul experiences in the course of human evolution became more and more evil, because in the beginning the soul fell into the power of Lucifer. Therefore St. Paul called Christ the Second Adam, for He came into the world untempted by Lucifer, and therefore He can be a guide and friend to men's souls, who can lead them away from Lucifer, that is, into the right relationship to Him. St. Paul could not tell mankind at that time all that he as an Initiate knew; but if we allow his Epistles to work on us we shall see that there is more in their depths than they express externally. That is because St. Paul spoke to a community, and had to reckon with the understanding of that community. That is why in certain of his Epistles there seem to be absolute contradictions. But one who can plunge down into the depths, finds everywhere the impulse of the Christ-Being. Let us here remember, my dear friends, how we ourselves have represented the coming into existence of the Mystery of Golgotha. As time went on we recognised that there were two different stories of the youth, of Christ Jesus, in the Gospel of St. Matthew and that of St. Luke, because in reality there are two Jesus-boys in question. We have seen that externally—after the flesh, according to St. Paul, which means through physical descent—both Jesus-boys descended from the stock of David; that one came from the line of Nathan and the other from that of Solomon; that thus there were two Jesus-boys born at about the same time. In the one Jesus-child, that of St. Matthew's Gospel, we find Zarathustra reincarnated: and we have emphatically stated that in the other Jesus-child, the one described by St. Luke, there was no such human ego as is usually to be found, and certainly not as the one existing in the other Jesus-child, in whom lived such a highly evolved ego as that of Zarathustra. In the Luke-Jesus there actually lives that part of man that has not entered into human evolution on the earth. *[See also The Spiritual Guidance of Mankind, the Gospel of St. Luke, the Gospel of St. Matthew.]
It is rather difficult to form a right conception of this but we must just try to think how, so to speak, the soul that was incarnated in Adam, he who may be described as Adam in the sense of my Occult Science succumbed to Lucifer's temptation, symbolically described in the Bible as the Fall of Man in Paradise. We must picture this. Then we must picture further, that side by side with that human soul-nature which incarnated in Adam's body, there was a human part, a human being, that remained behind and did not then incarnate, that did not enter a physical body, but remained “pure soul.” You need only now picture how, before a physical man arose in the evolution of humanity, there was one soul, which then divided itself into two parts. The one part, the one descendant of the common soul, incarnated in Adam and thus entered into the line of incarnations, succumbed to Lucifer, and so on. As to the other soul, the sister-soul, as it were, the wise rulers of the world saw beforehand that it would not be good that this too should be embodied; it was kept back in the soul world; it did not therefore take part in the incarnations of humanity, but was kept back. With this soul none but the Initiates of the Mysteries had intercourse. During the evolution preceding the Mystery of Golgotha this soul did not, therefore, take into itself the experience of an ego, for this can only be obtained by incarnating in a human body. None the less, it had all the Wisdom that could have been attained through the Saturn, Sun, and Moon periods, it possessed all the love of which a human soul is capable. This soul remained blameless, as it were, of all the guilt that a man can acquire in the course of his incarnations in human evolution. It could not be met with as a human being externally; but it could be perceived by the old clairvoyants, and was recognised by them: they encountered it, so to say, in the mysteries. Thus, here we have a soul, one might say, that was within, but yet above, the evolution of mankind, that could at first only be perceived in the spirit; a pre-man, a true super-man.
It was this soul which, instead of an ego, was incarnated in the Jesus-child of St. Luke's Gospel. You will remember the lectures at Bale; this fact was already given out there. We have therefore to do with a soul that is only ego-like, one that naturally acts as an ego when it permeates the body of Jesus: but which in all it displays is yet quite different from an ordinary ego. I have already mentioned the fact that the boy of St. Luke's Gospel spoke a language understood by his mother as soon as he came into the world, and other facts of similar nature were to he observed in him. Then we know that the Matthew-Jesus, in whom lived the Zarathustra ego, grew up until his twelfth year, and the Luke-child also grew up, possessing no particular human knowledge or science, but bearing the divine wisdom and the divine power of sacrifice within him. Thus the Luke-Jesus grew up not being particularly gifted for what can be learnt externally. We know further that the body of the Matthew-Jesus was forsaken by the Zarathustra ego, and that in the twelfth year of the Luke-Jesus his body was taken possession of by that same Zarathustra-ego. That is the moment referred to when it is related of the twelve-year-old Jesus of Luke's Gospel, that when his parents lost him he stood teaching before the wise men of the Temple. We know further that this Luke-Jesus bore the Zarathustra ego within him up to his thirtieth year; that the Zarathustra ego then left the body of the Luke-Jesus, and all its sheaths were taken possession of by Christ, a superhuman Being of the higher Hierarchies, Who only could live in a human body at all inasmuch as a body was offered Him which had first been permeated up to its twelfth year with the pre-human Wisdom-forces, and the pre-human divine Love-forces, and was then permeated through and through by all that the Zarathustra ego had acquired through many incarnations by means of initiation. In no other way, perhaps, could one so well obtain the right respect, the right reverence, in short, the right feeling altogether for the Christ-Being, as by trying to understand what sort of a body was needed for this Christ-Ego to be able to enter humanity at all. Many people consider that in this presentation, given out of the holy mysteries of the newer age about the Christ-Being, He is thus made to appear less intimate and human than the Christ-Jesus so many have honoured in the way in which He is generally represented-familiar, near to man, incarnate in an ordinary human body in which nothing like a Zarathustra ego lived. It is brought as a reproach against our teaching that Christ-Jesus is here represented as composed of forces drawn from all regions of the cosmos. Such reproaches proceed only from the indolence of human perception and human feeling which is unwilling to raise itself to the true heights of perception and feeling. The greatest of all must be so grasped by us that our souls have to make the supremest possible efforts to attain the inner intensity of perception and feeling necessary to bring the Greatest, the Highest, at all near to our soul. Our first feelings will thus be raised higher still, if we do but consider them in this light. We know one other thing besides. We know how we have to understand the words of the Gospel: “Divine forces are being revealed in the Heights, and peace will spread among men of goodwill.” We know that this message of peace and love resounded when the Luke-Jesus appeared, because Buddha intermingled with the astral body of the Luke-Jesus; Buddha, who had already lived in a being who went through his last incarnation as Gautama Buddha and had risen to complete spirituality. So that in the astral body of the Luke-Jesus, Buddha revealed himself, as he had progressed up to the occurrence of the Mystery of Golgotha on earth.
Thus we have the Being of Christ Jesus presented before us in a way only now possible to mankind from the basis of occult science. St. Paul, although an Initiate, was compelled to speak in concepts more easily understood at that time; he could not then have assumed a humanity able to understand such concepts as we have brought before your hearts today. His inspiration, however, was derived from his initiation, which came about as an act of grace. Because he did not attain this through regular schooling in the old mysteries, but by grace on the road to Damascus when the risen Christ appeared to him, therefore I call this initiation one brought about by grace. But he experienced this Damascus Vision in such a way that by means of it he knew that He Who arose in the Mystery of Golgotha lives in the sphere of this earth and has been attached to it since that Event. He recognised the risen Christ. From that time on he proclaimed Him. Why was he able to see Him in the particular way he did? At this point we must enter somewhat into the nature of such a vision, such a manifestation as that of Damascus: for it was a vision, a manifestation of a quite peculiar kind. Only those people who never wish to learn anything of occult facts consider all visions as being of one kind. They will not distinguish such an occurrence as the vision of St. Paul from many other visions such as appeared to the saints later. What really was the reason that St. Paul could recognise Christ as he did when He appeared to him on the way to Damascus? Why did the certain conviction come to him that this was the risen Christ? This question leads us back to another one: What was necessary in order that the whole Christ-Being should be able completely to enter into Jesus of Nazareth, at the baptism by John in the Jordan? Now, we have just said what was necessary to prepare the body into which the Christ-Being could descend. But what was necessary in order that the Arisen One could appear in such a densified soul-form as he appeared in to St. Paul? What, then, so to speak, was that halo of light in which Christ appeared to St. Paul before Damascus? What was it? Whence was it taken?
If we wish to answer these questions, my dear friends, we must add a few finishing touches to what I have already said. I have told you that there was, as it were, a sister-soul to the Adam-soul, to that soul which entered into the sequence of human generations. This sister-soul remained in the soul world. It was this sister-soul that was incarnated in the Luke-Jesus. But it was not then incarnated for the first time in a human body in the strictest sense of the words, it had already been once incarnated prophetically. This soul had already been made use of formerly as a messenger of the holy mysteries; it was, so to say, cherished and cultivated in the mysteries, and was sent whenever anything specially important to man was taking place; but it could only appear as a vision in the etheric body, and could only be perceived, strictly speaking, as long as the old clairvoyance remained. In earlier ages that still existed. Therefore this old sister-soul of Adam had no need at that time to descend as far as the physical body in order to be seen. So it actually appeared on earth repeatedly in human evolution: sent forth by the impulses of the mysteries, at all times when important things were to take place in the evolution of the earth; but it did not require to incarnate, in ancient times, because clairvoyance was there. The first time it needed to incarnate was when the old clairvoyance was to be overcome through the transition of human evolution from the third to the fourth Post-Atlantean age, of which we spoke yesterday. Then, by way of compensation, it took on an incarnation, in order to be able to express itself at the time when clairvoyance no longer existed. The only time this sister-soul of Adam was compelled to appear and to become physically visible, it was incorporated, so to speak, in Krishna; and then it was incorporated again in the Luke-Jesus. So now we can understand how it was that Krishna spoke in such a superhuman manner, why he is the best teacher for the human ego, why he represents, so to speak, a victory over the ego, why he appears so psychically sublime. It is because he appears as human being at that sublime moment which we brought before our souls in the lecture before last, as Man not yet descended into human incarnations. He then appears again to be embodied in the Luke-Jesus. Hence that perfection that came about when the most significant world-conceptions of Asia, the ego of Zarathustra and the spirit of Krishna, were united in the twelve-year-old Jesus described by St. Luke. He who spoke to the learned men in the Temple was therefore not only Zarathustra speaking as an ego, but one who spoke from those sources from which Krishna at one time drew Yoga; he spoke of Yoga raised a stage higher; he united himself with the Krishna force, with Krishna himself, in order to continue to grow until his thirtieth year. Then only have we that complete, perfected body which could be taken possession of by the Christ. Thus do the spiritual currents of humanity flow together. So that in what happened at the Mystery of Golgotha, we really have a co-operation of the most important leaders of mankind, a synthesis of spirit-life. When St. Paul had his vision before Damascus, He Who appeared to him then was the Christ. The halo of light in which Christ was enveloped was Krishna. And because Christ has taken Krishna for His own soul-covering through which He then works on further, therefore in the light which shone there, in Christ Himself, there is all that was once upon a time contained in the sublime Gita. We find much of that old Krishna-teaching, although scattered about, in the New Testament revelations. This old Krishna-teaching has on that account become a personal matter to the whole of mankind, because Christ is not as such a human ego belonging to mankind, but to the Higher Hierarchies. Thus Christ belongs also to those times when man was not yet separated from that which now surrounds him as material existence, and which is veiled to him in maya through his own Luciferic temptation. If we glance back over the whole of evolution, we shall find that in those olden times there was not yet that strict division between the spiritual and the material; material was then still spiritual, and the spiritual—if we may say so—still manifested itself externally. Thus because, in the Christ-Impulse, something entered into mankind which completely prevented such a strict separation as we find in Sankhya philosophy between Purusha and Prakriti, Christ becomes the Leader of men out of themselves and towards the divine creation. Must we then say that we must unconditionally give up maya now that we recognise that it seems to be given us through our own fault? No, for that would be blaspheming the spirit in the world; that would be assigning to matter properties which we ourselves have imposed upon it with the veil of maya. Let us rather hope that when we have overcome in ourselves that which caused matter to become maya, we may again be reconciled with the world.
For do we not hear resounding out of the world around us that it is a creation of the Elohim, and that on the last day of creation they considered: and behold, all was very good? That would be the karma to be fulfilled if there were nothing but Krishna-teaching (for there is nothing in the world that does not fulfil its karma). If in all eternity there had been only the teaching of Krishna, then the material existence which surrounds us, the manifestation of God of which the Elohim at the starting-point of evolution said: “Behold all was very good,” would encounter the judgment of men: “It is not good, I must abandon it!” The judgment of man would be placed above the judgment of God. We must learn to understand the words which stand as a mystery at the outset of evolution; we must not set the judgment of man above the judgment of God. If all and everything that could cling to us in the way of guilt were to fall away from us, and yet that one fault remained, that we slandered the work of the Elohim; the earth-Karma would have to be fulfilled; in the future everything would have to fall upon us and karma would have to fulfil itself thus. In order that this should not happen, Christ appeared in the world, so to reconcile us with the world that we may learn to overcome Lucifer's tempting forces, and learn to penetrate the veil; that—we may see the divine revelation in its true form; that we may find the Christ as the Reconciler, Who will lead us to the true form of the divine revelation, so that through Him we may learn to understand the primeval words: “And behold, it is very good.” In order that we may learn to ascribe to ourselves that which we may never again dare to ascribe to the world, we need Christ; for if all our other sins could be taken away from us: yet this sin could only be removed by Him. This, transformed into a moral feeling, is a newer side of the Christ-Impulse. It shows us at the same time why the necessity arose for the Christ-Impulse as the higher soul to envelope itself in the Krishna-Impulse.
An exposition such as I have given you in this course, my dear friends, should not be taken as mere theory, merely as a number of thoughts and ideas to be absorbed; it should be taken as a sort of New Year's gift, a gift which should influence our New Year, and from now on it should work as that which we can perceive through the understanding of the Christ-Impulse, in so far as this helps us to understand the words of the Elohim, which resound down to us from the starting point, from the very primeval beginning of the creation of our earth. And look upon the intention of the course at the same time as the starting point of our Anthroposophical spiritual stream. This must be Anthroposophical because by means of it will be more and more recognised how man can in himself attain to self-knowledge—. He cannot yet attain to complete self-knowledge, not yet can Anthropos attain to knowledge of Anthropos, man to the knowledge of man, so long as this man can consider what he has to carry out in his own soul as an affair to be played out between him and external nature. That the world should appear to us to be immersed in matter is a thing the Gods have prepared for us, it is an affair of our own souls, a question of higher self-knowledge; it is something that man must himself recognise in his own manhood, it is a question of Anthroposophy, by means of which we can come to the perception of what theosophy may become to mankind. It should be a feeling of the greatest modesty which impels a man to belong to the Anthroposophical movement; a modesty which says: If I want to spring over that which is an affair of the human soul and to take at once the highest step into the divine, humility may very easily vanish from me, and pride step in, in its place; vanity may easily install itself May the Anthroposophical Society also be a starting point in this higher moral sphere; above all, may it avoid all that has so easily crept into the theosophical movement, in the way of pride, vanity, ambition, and want of earnestness in receiving that which is the highest Wisdom. May the Anthroposophical Society avoid all this because from its very starting point, it has already considered that the settlement with maya is an affair for the human soul itself.
One should feel that the Anthroposophical Society ought to be the result of the profoundest human modesty. For out of this modesty should well up deep earnestness as regards the sacred truths into which it will penetrate if we betake ourselves into this sphere of the super-sensible, of the spiritual. Let us therefore understand the adoption of the name “Anthroposophical Society” in true modesty, in true humility, saying to ourselves Let all that remains of that pride and lack of modesty, vanity, ambition and untruthfulness, that played a part under the name of Theosophy, be eradicated, if now, under the sign and device of modesty, we begin humbly to look up to the, Gods and divine wisdom, and on the other hand dutifully to study man and human wisdom, if we reverently approach Spiritual Science, and dutifully devote ourselves to Anthroposophy. This Anthroposophy will lead to the divine and to the Gods. If by its help we learn in the highest sense to look humbly and truthfully into our own selves and see how we must struggle against all maya and error through self-training and the severest self-discipline, then, as written on a bronze tablet may there stand above us the word: Anthroposophy! Let that be an exhortation to us, that above all we should seek through it to acquire self-knowledge, modesty, and in this way endeavour to erect a building founded upon truth, for truth can only blossom if self-knowledge lays hold of the human soul in deep earnestness. What is the origin of all vanity, of all untruth? The want of self-knowledge. From what alone can truth spring, from what can true reverence for divine worlds and divine wisdom alone come? From true self-knowledge, self-training, self-discipline. Therefore may that which shall stream and pulsate through the Anthroposophical movement serve that purpose. For these reasons this particular course of lectures has been given at the starting point of the Anthroposophical movement, and it should prove that there is no question of narrowness, but that precisely through our movement we can extend our horizon over those distances which comprise Eastern thought also. But let us take this humbly in self-educative anthroposophical fashion, by creating the will within us to discipline and train ourselves. If Anthroposophy, my dear friends, be taken up among you in this way, it will then lead to a beneficial end and will attain a goal that can extend to each individual and every human society for their welfare. So let these words be spoken which shall be the last of this course of lectures, but something of which perhaps many in the coming days will take away with them in their souls, so that it may bear fruit within our Anthroposophical movement, within which you, my dear friends, have, so to speak, met together for the first time. May we ever so meet together in the sign of Anthroposophy, that we have the right to call upon words with which we shall now conclude, words of humility and of self-knowledge, which we should now at this moment place as an ideal before our souls.
Fünfter Vortrag
Wir haben zwei bedeutsame Menschheitsdokumente in diesem Zyklus an unsrer Seele vorüberziehen lassen — wenigstens in ganz kurzen Charakteristiken, wie es bei der geringen Zahl der Vortragstage möglich war -, und wir haben gesehen, welche Impulse in die Menschheitsentwickelung haben einfließen müssen, damit diese zwei bedeutsamen Menschheitsdokumente, die erhabene Gita und die Paulusbriefe, haben entstehen können. Das, was noch wichtig sein wird für unser Verständnis, ist, einen Grundunterschied anzugeben zwischen dem ganzen Geist der Gita und dem Geist der Paulusbriefe.
Wir haben ja schon gesagt: In der Gita treten uns die Lehren entgegen, die Krishna seinem Schüler Arjuna zu geben vermag. Solche Lehren, man gibt sie einem Einzelnen und muß sie einem Einzelnen geben; denn sie sind im Grunde genommen, gerade wie sie in der Gita uns entgegentreten, intime Lehren. Dagegen scheint nun ja allerdings zu sprechen, daß diese Lehren heute jedermann zugänglich sind, weil sie in der Gita stehen. Das waren sie natürlich nicht zu der Zeit, in der die Gita verfaßt worden ist. Da drangen sie nicht zu allen Ohren, denn da waren sie ein Gegenstand mündlicher Mitteilung. In jenen alten Zeiten waren schon die Lehrer darauf bedacht, auf die Reife der Schüler hinzusehen, denen sie entsprechende Lehren mitteilten. Auf solche Reife wurde ja immer gesehen.
In unserer Zeit ist das in bezug auf alle die Lehren und Ünterweisungen nicht mehr möglich, die nun schon einmal auf irgendeine Weise das Licht der Öffentlichkeit gefunden haben. Wir leben in einer Zeit, in welcher das geistige Leben in einer gewissen Beziehung einmal öffentlich ist. Nicht als ob es in unserer Zeit keine Geheimwissenschaft mehr gäbe, aber diese Geheimwissenschaft kann nicht dadurch Geheimwissenschaft sein, daß man sie etwa nicht drucken läßt oder sie nicht verbreitet. Es gibt ja in unserer Zeit auch genügend Geheimwissenschaft. So zum Beispiel ist die Wissenschaftslehre Fichtes, trotzdem sie gedruckt jeder haben kann, eine rechte Geheimlehre. Auch schließlich Hegels Philosophie ist eine Geheimlehre, denn sie wird den wenigsten bekannt und sie hat sogar viele Mittel in sich, eine Geheimlehre zu bleiben. Und das ist bei vielen Dingen der Fall in unserer heutigen Zeit. Die Wissenschaftslehre Fichtes oder die Philosophie Hegels, sie haben das sehr einfache Mittel, eine Geheimlehre zu bleiben, weil sie so geschrieben sind, daß die meisten Menschen sie nicht verstehen und einschlafen, wenn sie die ersten Seiten lesen. Dadurch bleibt die Sache selber eine Geheimlehre. Und so ist es auch mit sehr vielem in unserer Zeit, das viele Menschen zu kennen glauben. Sie kennen es nicht; dadurch bleiben die Dinge eben eine Geheimlehre. Und im Grunde genommen bleiben ja auch solche Dinge eine Geheimlehre, wie sie in der Gita stehen, wenn sie auch in weitesten Kreisen durch den Druck bekannt werden können. Denn der eine, der die Gita heute in die Hand bekommt, sieht in ihr große gewaltige Offenbarungen über die Evolution des eigenen menschlichen Inneren, der andere sieht in ihr nur eine interessante Dichtung, und es verwandeln sich alle Begriffe und Gefühle, die in der Gita ausgesprochen sind, für ihn in lauter Trivialitäten. Denn man darf doch nicht glauben, daß jemand dasjenige, was in der Gita liegt, wirklich in sich verarbeitet hat, wenn er etwa selbst mit den Worten der Gita das auszudrücken versteht, was in der Gita drinnen liegt, was ihm aber vielleicht ganz ferne liegt. So ist die Sache selbst durch ihre Höhe in vieler Beziehung ein Schutz vor dem Gemeinwerden.
Aber das bleibt ja eben bestehen, daß die Lehren, die da dichterisch verarbeitet sind in der Gita, solche Lehren sind, die der Einzelne für sich ausführen, erleben muß, wenn er durch sie in seiner Seele emporkommen und endlich erleben will die Begegnung mit dem Herrn des Yoga, mit Krishna. Also, es ist eine individuelle Sache, etwas, was der große Lehrer an den Einzelnen richtet. - Anders ist es, wenn wir den Inhalt der Paulusbriefe einmal von diesem Gesichtspunkt aus betrachten. Da sehen wir, daß alles Gemeindesache ist, alles Sache ist, die sich im Grunde genommen an eine Mehrheit richtet. Denn wenn wir den innersten Nerv des Wesens der Krishna-Lehre ins Auge fassen, so müssen wir sagen: Das, was man durch die Krishna-Lehre erlebt, erlebt man für sich in strenger Abgeschlossenheit der einzelnen Seele, und die Begegnung mit Krishna kann man auch nur haben als einsamer Seelenwanderer, wenn man den Weg wiederum zurückfindet zu den Uroffenbarungen und Urerlebnissen der Menschheit. Das, was Krishna geben kann, muß für jeden Einzelnen gegeben werden.
So war es nicht bei der Offenbarung, die der Welt durch den Christus-Impuls gegeben worden ist. Der Christus-Impuls ist von vorneherein als ein Impuls gedacht, der sich an die ganze Menschheit richtet, und das Mysterium von Golgatha ist nicht als eine Tat vollzogen, die nur für die einzelne Seele gilt, sondern wenn wir uns die ganze Menschheit vom Ursprung bis zum Ende der Erdenentwickelung denken, so ist für alle Menschen das geschehen, was auf Golgatha geschehen ist. Es ist eine Gemeinsamkeitssache im allergrößten Maße. Daher muß der Stil der Paulusbriefe, auch noch von alledem abgesehen, was schon charakterisiert worden ist, ein ganz anderer sein, als der Stil der erhabenen Gita.
Stellen wir uns doch einmal lebhaft das Verhältnis des Krishna zum Arjuna vor. Er gibt ihm sozusagen eindeutige Anweisungen als Herr des Yoga, wie er stufenweise in seiner Seele aufrücken kann, um des Krishna ansichtig zu werden. Stellen wir dagegen eine besonders prägnante Stelle in den Paulusbriefen, da wo sich eine Gemeinde an Paulus wendet und fragt, ob diese oder jene Dinge wahr seien, ob sie als richtige Anschauung gelten können gegenüber dem, was Paulus gelehrt habe. Und da finden wir in der Unterweisung, die Paulus gibt, eine Stelle, die allerdings durchaus verglichen werden kann in ihrer Größe, sogar stilistisch künstlerisch, mit dem, was wir in der erhabenen Gita finden. Aber wir finden zugleich einen ganz anderen Ton, wir finden alles aus einer ganz anderen Art des seelischen Empfindens heraus gesprochen. Das ist da, wo Paulus an die Korinther schreibt, wie die verschiedenen menschlichen Gaben, die da in einer Gruppe von Menschen vorhanden sind, zusammenwirken müssen.
Dem Arjuna sagt Krishna: Du mußt so oder so sein, dieses oder jenes tun, dann kommst du von Stufe zu Stufe in deinem Seelensein aufwärts. — Seinen Korinthern sagt der Paulus: Der eine von euch hat diese Gabe, der andere jene, ein dritter diese und wenn das harmonisch zusammenwirkt, wie die Glieder eines Menschenleibes zusamimmenwirken, dann ergibt das auch geistig ein Ganzes, was geistig ganz von dem Christus durchdrungen sein kann. — Also durch die Sache selbst richtet sich Paulus an Menschen, die zusammenwirken, das heißt an eine Mehrheit. Und bei bedeutsamer Gelegenheit richtet er sich an eine Mehrheit, nämlich da, wo die Gaben des sogenannten Zungenredens in Betracht kommen.
Was ist dieses Zungenreden, das wir in den Paulusbriefen finden? Dieses Zungenreden ist ja nichts anderes als ein Überrest alter geistiger Gaben, die in einer erneuerten Weise, aber mit vollem menschlichem Bewußtsein uns in der Gegenwart wiederum entgegentreten. Denn wo wir in unseren Initiationsmethoden von der Inspiration sprechen, da ist es so, daß ein Mensch, der bis zur Inspiration vordringt in unserer Zeit, ein klares Bewußtsein mit dieser Inspiration vereinigt, so wie er ein klares Bewußtsein mit seiner alltäglichen Verstandestätigkeit und Sinneswahrnehmung verknüpft. Das war ja in alten Zeiten anders. Da sprach der Betreffende wie ein Werkzeug höherer geistiger Wesenheiten, die sich seiner Organe bedienten, um Höheres durch seine Zunge auszudrücken. Da konnte der Einzelne Dinge sagen, die er selber gar nicht verstand. Kundgebungen aus der geistigen Welt kamen zustande, die das Werkzeug nicht unmittelbar zu verstehen brauchte, und gerade in Korinth war solches eingetreten. Da war der Zustand gekommen, daß eine Anzahl von Leuten die Gabe dieses Zungenredens hatten. Da konnten sie aus geistigen Welten dieses oder jenes verkündigen.
Mit einer solchen Gabe ist es nun so, daß, wenn der Mensch sie hat, das was er durch solche Gabe zur Offenbarung bringen kann, unter allen Umständen eine Offenbarung aus der geistigen Welt ist. Aber es kann deshalb doch durchaus so sein, daß der eine dieses sagt und der andere jenes, denn die geistigen Bezirke sind mannigfaltig. Der eine kann von diesem Bezirk, der andere von einem anderen inspiriert sein, und da kann es sein, daß dann die Offenbarungen durchaus nicht zusammenstimmen. Das Zusammenstimmen kann man erst finden, wenn man mit vollem Bewußtsein sich in die betreffenden Welten hineinbegeben kann. Deshalb gibt Paulus die Mahnung: Da sind Leute, die Zungenreden können; andere sind, die die Zungenreden auslegen können. Sie sollen zusammenwirken wie die rechte und die linke Hand, und man soll nicht bloß auf die Zungenredner hören, sondern auch auf diejenigen, die diese Gabe vielleicht nicht haben, die aber auslegen, erkennen können, was der Einzelne aus diesem oder jenem geistigen Bezirk herunterzubringen vermag. — So fordert auch da Paulus wieder auf zu einer Gemeindesache, die durch das Zusammenwirken der Menschen zustande kommt.
Und anknüpfend gerade an dieses Zungenreden gibt Paulus jene Auseinandersetzung, die, wie gesagt, so wunderbar ist in gewisser Beziehung, daß sie in ihrer Gewalt durchaus noch in anderer Beziehung, als gestern auseinandergesetzt worden ist, mit den Mitteilungen der Gita verglichen werden kann. Er sagt:
«In betreff der begeisterten Brüder will ich euch nicht ohne Bescheid lassen. Ihr wißt von eurer Heidenzeit, da waren es stumme Götzen, zu denen es euch mit blindem Triebe fortriß. Darum erkläre ich euch: So wenig einer, der im Geiste Gottes redet, sagt: Verflucht sei Jesus, so wenig kann ihn einer Herr nennen, es sei denn im heiligen Geiste.
Nun bestehen Unterschiede der Gnadengaben, aber es ist ein Geist. Es bestehen Unterschiede in den Leistungen der Menschen, aber es ist ein Herr. Unterschiede bestehen in der Kraft, die die einzelnen Menschen haben, aber es ist ein Gott, der in allen diesen Kräften wirkt. Jedermann aber werden die Kundgebungen des Geistes verliehen, wie es dem Einzelnen frommt. So wird dem einen der Weissagung Rede gegeben, dem anderen der Wissenschaft Kunde; wiederum finden sich Geister, die im Glauben leben, wieder andere haben die Gabe der Heilung, andere haben die Gaben der Weissagung, andere haben die Gabe, Charaktere von Menschen zu durchschauen, andere haben das Zungenreden, andere wiederum die Auslegung der Zungenredung. In alledem aber wirkt ein Geist und erteilt einem jeden, was ihm zukommt.
Denn wie der Leib einer ist und viele Glieder hat, alle einzelnen Glieder aber zusammen einen Leib bilden, so ist es auch mit dem Christus. Denn durch den Geist sind wir alle zu einem Leibe getauft, ob Jude oder Grieche, Sklave oder Freier, und wir sind alle mit einem Geiste getränkt worden, wie auch der Leib nicht aus einem, sondern aus vielen Gliedern besteht. Wenn der Fuß spräche: Weil ich nicht die Hand bin, so gehöre ich nicht zum Leibe, so gehörte er doch dazu. Wenn das Ohr sagte: Weil ich nicht das Auge bin, gehöre ich nicht zum Leibe -, so gehörte es doch dazu. Wenn der ganze Leib nur Auge wäre, wo bliebe das Gehör? Wenn der ganze Leib nur Gehör wäre, wo bliebe der Geruch? Nun aber hat Gott die Glieder gesetzt jedes von ihnen ein besonderes am Leibe, wie Er es für gut fand. Wäre nur ein Glied, wo bliebe der Leib? So aber sind zwar viele Glieder, doch ist nur ein Leib. Das Auge darf zur Hand nicht sagen: Ich bedarf dein nicht! Der Kopf nicht zu den Füßen: Ich bedarf dein nicht! Vielmehr die scheinbar schwachen Glieder am Leib sind notwendig und diejenigen, die wir für gering achten, erweisen sich als besonders wichtig.
Gott hat den Leib zusammengesetzt und den unbedeutenden Gliedern ihre Bedeutung zuerkannt, damit es keine Spaltung im Leibe geben kann, sondern daß alle Glieder harmonisch zusammenwirken und füreinander besorgt sind. Und wenn ein Glied leidet, leiden alle Glieder mit, und wenn ein Glied Wohlergehen hat, jauchzen alle Glieder mit. Ihr aber» — so sagt Paulus zu seinen Korinthern — «seid des Christus Leib und seine Glieder bildet ihr alle zusammen. Und die einen hat Gott gesetzt in der Gemeinde zu Aposteln, die anderen zu Propheten. Dritte hat er gesetzt zu Lehrern, Vierte hat er gesetzt für Wunderheilungen, Fünfte für andere Hilfeleistungen, Sechste, damit die Verwaltung der Gemeinde zustandekomme und Siebente hat er gesetzt für das Zungenreden. Sollen alle Menschen Apostel sein? Sollen alle Propheten sein? Sollen alle Lehrer sein, alle Heiler, alle mit Zungen reden? Oder sollen alle die Zungenreden auslegen? Daher ist es recht, wenn die verschiedenen Gnadengaben zusammenwirken, aber je mehr, desto besser.»
Und dann spricht Paulus von der Kraft, die im einzelnen, aber auch in der Gemeinde walten kann und die alle einzelnen Glieder der Gemeinde zusammenführt, wie des Leibes Kraft die einzelnen Glieder des Leibes zusammenführt. Schöneres sagt Krishna auch nicht zu einem Menschen, wie Paulus zur Menschheit gesprochen hat in ihren verschiedenen Gliedern. Dann spricht er von der Christus-Kraft, die die verschiedenen Glieder zusammenfaßt, wie der Leib die einzelnen Glieder zusammenfaßt. Und die Kraft, die im einzelnen leben kann wie die Lebenskraft in jedem Glied und die doch wieder im Ganzen lebt einer ganzen Gemeinde, die charakterisiert Paulus mit gewaltigen Worten:
«Doch ich will euch zeigen den Weg, der höher ist denn alles andere:
Wenn ich reden könnte mit Menschen- oder mit Engelzungen aus dem Geiste und ermangelte der Liebe, so ist meine Rede tönend Erz und eine klingende Schelle.
Und wenn ich weissagen könnte und alle Geheimnisse offenbaren und alle Erkenntnisse der Welt mitteilen, und wenn ich allen Glauben hätte, der Berge selbst versetzen könnte und ermangelte der Liebe, es wäre alles nichts.
Und wenn ich alle Geistesgaben austeilte, ja, wenn ich meinen Leib selber hingäbe zum Verbrennen, und ermangelte der Liebe, es wäre alles unnütz.
Die Liebe währet immer. Die Liebe ist gütig, die Liebe kennt nicht den Neid, die Liebe kennt nicht die Prahlerei, kennt nicht den Hochmut, die Liebe verletzt nicht, was wohlanständig ist, sucht nicht ihre Vorteile, läßt sich nicht in Aufreizung bringen, trägt niemandem Böses nach, freut sich nicht über Unrecht, freut sich nur mit der Wahrheit.
Die Liebe umkleidet alles, durchströmt allen Glauben, darf auf alles hoffen, darf überall Duldung üben.
Die Liebe kann nie, wenn sie ist, verloren gehen. Was man weissaget, gehet dahin, wenn es erfüllt ist; was man mit Zungen redet, höret auf, wenn es nicht mehr zu Menschenherzen sprechen kann; was erkannt wird, höret auf, wenn der Gegenstand der Erkenntnis erschöpft ist.
Denn Stückwerk ist alles Erkennen, Stückwerk ist alle Weissagung.
Doch wenn das Vollkommene kommt, dann ist es mit dem Stückwerk dahin.
Da ich ein Kind war, sprach ich wie ein Kind, fühlte ich, dachte ich wie ein Kind. Da ich ein Mann ward, war es mit des Kindes Welt vorbei.
Jetzt sehen wir im Spiegel nur dunkle Konturen, dereinst schauen wir den Geist von Angesicht zu Angesicht. Jetzt ist mein Erkennen Stückwerk, dereinst werde ich ganz erkennen, wie ich selber bin.
Nun, bleibend ist Glaube, bleibend ist Hoffnung in Sicherheit, bleibend ist Liebe. Die Liebe aber ist das Größte unter ihnen; daher steht die Liebe obenan.
Denn mögen euch alle Geistesgaben werden: wer die Weissagung selbst kennt, der muß auch nach der Liebe trachten.
Denn wer auch mit Zungen redet, er redet nicht unter den Menschen, er redet unter den Göttern. Niemand vernimmt es, weil er Geistesgeheimnisse redet.»
Wir sehen, wie Paulus die Natur des Zungenredens kennt. Er meint: Entrückt ist der Zungenredner in geistige Welten; er redet unter Göttern.
«Wer weissagt, redet mit Menschen zur Erbauung, zur Ermahnung, zum Trost; wer mit der Zunge redet, befriedigt sich in gewisser Weise selbst; wer da weissagt, erbauet die Gemeinde.
Ist es erreicht, daß ihr alle Zungen redet, recht viel wichtiger ist es, daß ihr weissaget. Wer weissagt, ist mehr als der, der Zungen redet, es sei denn, daß der Zungenredner selbst imstande ist, seine Zungenreden zu erkennen, damit die Gemeinde sie versteht.
Angenommen, meine Brüder, ich komme als Zungenredner zu euch, was kann ich euch nützen, wenn ich euch nicht sage, was meine Zungenreden bedeuten als Weissagung, als Lehre, als Offenbarung!
Meine Zungenreden sind wie die Flöte, die Zither, wenn ihre Töne sich nicht deutlich unterscheiden lassen. Wie soll man dann unterscheiden das Spiel der Zither oder der Flöte, wenn sie nichtunterschiedliche Stimmen von sich geben. Und wenn die Trompete einen undeutlichen Ton gibt, wer will sich zum Streit rüsten?
So ist es mit euch, wenn ihr mit den Zungenreden nicht eine deutliche Rede verbinden könnt, da ist alles in die Luft gesprochen.»
Das alles zeigt uns, daß die verschiedenen Geistesgaben verteilt sein müssen auf die Glieder der Gemeinde und daß die Glieder der Gemeinde als Individualitäten zusammenwirken müssen. Damit aber stehen wir auch auf dem Punkte, wo die Offenbarung des Paulus durch den Moment der Menschheitsentwickelung, in dem sie auftritt, sich grundsätzlich unterscheiden muß von der KrishnaOffenbarung.
Die Krishna-Offenbarung richtet sich an den einzelnen Menschen, aber im Grunde genommen an jeden Menschen, wenn dieser reif wird, den Weg der Seele nach aufwärts zu machen, wie ihn der Herr des Yoga vorschreibt. Da werden wir immer mehr und mehr hinaufgewiesen in Urzeiten der Menschheit, zu denen man ja auch wiederum zurückkehren will im Geiste, im Sinne der KrishnaLehre. Da waren die Menschen noch weniger individualisiert, da konnte man voraussetzen, daß für einen jeden die gleiche Lehre und Anweisung gut sei.
Paulus stand entgegen der Menschheit, wo die Einzelnen differenziert wurden, wo sie auch wirklich differenziert werden mußten, ein jeder mit seiner besonderen Fähigkeit, mit seiner besonderen Gabe. Da konnte man nicht mehr rechnen, daß man in jede einzelne Seele das gleiche hineingießen kann; da mußte man auf das hinweisen, was unsichtbar über allem waltet. Dieses, was in keinem Menschen als einzelnem Menschen ist, was aber in jedem Einzelnen sein kann, das ist der Christus-Impuls. Der Christus-Impuls ist wiederum etwas wie eine neue Gruppenseele der Menschheit, aber eine solche, die bewußt von dieser Menschheit gesucht wird.
Um das zu verdeutlichen, stellen wir uns einmal vor, wie sich, sagen wir, in der geistigen Welt eine Anzahl Krishna-Schüler ausnimmt, und wie sich eine Anzahl derjenigen Menschen ausnimmt, welche in ihrem tiefsten Inneren von dem Christus-Impuls berührt worden sind. Die Krishna-Schüler haben in sich ein jeder den gleichen Impuls entfacht, den ihnen der Herr des Yoga erteilt hat. Im geistigen Leben gleicht einer dem andern. Dem einen wie dem andern ist die gleiche Unterweisung gegeben worden. Diejenigen, die von dem Christus-Impuls berührt worden sind, sie sind entkörpert in der geistigen Welt; ein jeder mit seiner besonderen Individualität, mit seinen differenzierten Geisteskräften. Daher kann auch in der geistigen Welt der eine dieser Verrichtung, der andere jener obliegen. Und der Anführer, derjenige, der in die Seele eines jeden sich ergießt, so individuell ein jeder auch sein mag, das ist der Christus, der zugleich in der Seele eines jeden ist und über allem schwebt. Da haben wir eine differenzierte Gemeinde auch dann noch, wenn die Seelen entkörpert sind, während die Seelen der Krishna-Schüler ein Einheitliches sind, wenn die Seelen die Anleitungen bekommen haben von dem Herrn des Yoga. Das aber ist der Sinn der Menschheitsentwickelung, daß die Seelen immer differenzierter werden.
Deshalb muß es so sein, daß in anderer Weise Krishna spricht. Er spricht, im Grunde genommen — so, wie er sich in der Gita mitteilt —, zu dem Schüler. Anders muß Paulus sprechen. Paulus spricht eigentlich zu jedem Menschen, und dann ist es eine Sache der individuellen Entwickelung, ob der Einzelne vermöge seiner Reife auf dieser oder jener Inkarnationsstufe stehenbleibt bei dem Exoterischen oder ob er hineingehen kann ins Esoterische und sich zu einem esoterischen Christentum erheben kann. Man kann im Christentum immer weiter und weiter kommen, zu den esoterischsten Höhen kommen; aber man geht von etwas anderem aus, als wovon man in der Krishna-Lehre ausgeht. In der Krishna-Lehre geht man von dem Standpunkt als Mensch aus, auf dem man ist, und erhebt die Seele als Individuum, als Einzelner. Im Christentum geht man davon aus, daß man eine Beziehung gewinnt, bevor man überhaupt einen weiteren Weg antritt, zu dem Christus-Impuls, daß dieser zunächst allem übrigen vorausgeht.
Den geistigen Weg zum Krishna hin kann nur derjenige antreten, der die Anweisungen des Krishna einhält; den geistigen Weg zum Christus kann jeder antreten, denn der Christus hat das Mysterium für alle gebracht, die überhaupt Menschen sind und eine Beziehung zu dem Mysterium haben können. Das ist aber etwas Äußeres, auf dem physischen Plan Vollbrachtes. Der erste Schritt ist daher ein solcher, der auf dem physischen Plan geschieht. Das ist das Wesentliche.
Man braucht wahrhaftig nicht, wenn man diese welthistorische Bedeutung des Christus-Impulses einsieht, von diesem oder jenem christlichen Bekenntnis auszugehen, sondern man kann, gerade in unserer Zeit, sogar von einem ganz Christus-feindlichen oder gegen Christus gleichgültigen Standpunkt ausgehen. Wenn man sich aber in das vertieft, was unsere Zeit an geistigem Leben wirklich geben kann, wenn man die Widersprüche und Torheiten des Materialismus einsieht, dann wird man vielleicht gerade am echtesten in unsere Zeit zu Christus geführt, wenn man nicht von einem besonderen Bekenntnis von vornherein ausgeht. Wenn deshalb außerhalb unserer Kreise gesagt wird, daß hier bei uns von einem besonderen Christus-Bekenntnis ausgegangen wird, so darf das als eine ganz besonders schlechte Verleumdung betrachtet werden, denn es handelt sich nicht um den Ausgangspunkt von irgendeinem Bekenntnis, sondern darum, daß ausgegangen wird von den Bedingungen des Geisteslebens selbst, und daß jeder, ob er Mohammedaner oder Buddhist, Jude oder Hinduist, oder ob er Christ ist, den ChristusImpuls verstehen kann in seiner ganzen Bedeutung für die Menschheitsentwickelung. Dieses aber ist zugleich etwas, was wir im Tiefsten die ganze Anschauung und Darstellung des Paulus durchdringen sehen, und in dieser Beziehung ist Paulus eben durchaus die tonangebende Persönlichkeit für die erste Verkündigung des Christus-Impulses in der Welt.
Wenn wir dargestellt haben, wie die Sankhyaphilosophie sich mit dem Formenwandel, mit demjenigen befaßt, was sich auf Prakriti bezieht, so durften wir sagen: Paulus handelt in alledem, was seinen tiefsinnigen Briefen zugrunde liegt, durchaus vom Purusha, von dem Seelischen. Über das Werden, über das Schicksal des Seelischen, wie es durch die ganze Menschheitsentwickelung hindurch sich mannigfach entwickelnd geht, darüber finden wir bei Paulus ganz bestimmte und tiefgehende Aufschlüsse.
Da gibt es einen Grundunterschied zwischen dem, was das morgenländische Denken noch leisten konnte und dem, was uns gleich bei Paulus in so wunderbar klarer Weise entgegentritt. Wir haben schon gestern darauf hingewiesen, daß alles bei Krishna darauf ankommt, daß der Mensch den Weg aus dem Formenwandel herausfindet. Aber die Prakriti bleibt draußen, wie etwas der Seele Fremdes. Alles Bestreben geht dahin innerhalb dieser orientalischen Entwickelung, selbst innerhalb der orientalischen Einweihung, frei zu werden von dem materiellen Dasein, von dem, was da draußen als Natur sich ausbreitet. Denn das, was sich da draußen als Natur ausbreitet, es stellt sich im Sinne der Vedenphilosophie als Maya dar. Maya ist alles, was da draußen ist; frei werden von der Maya ist Yoga. Haben wir es doch dargestellt, wie gerade in der Gita verlangt wird, daß der Mensch von alledem, was er tut, verrichtet, will und denkt, woran er Lust und Genießen hat, frei werde und als Seele triumphiert über das, was eine Äußerlichkeit ist. Das Werk, das der Mensch verrichtet, soll gleichsam abfallen von ihm und er so, in sich selber ruhend, in sich selber befriedigt werden. So schwebt im Grunde genommen jedem, der sich im Sinne der Krishna-Lehre entwickeln will, vor, dereinst so etwas zu werden wie ein Paramahamsa, das heißt ein hoch Eingeweihter, der alles materielle Dasein hinter sich läßt, der über alles triumphiert, was er selbst als seine Taten verrichtet hat noch innerhalb dieser Sinneswelt; der in einem rein geistigen Dasein lebt, der das Sinnliche so überwunden hat, daß kein Durst mehr zur Wiederverkörperung da ist bei ihm, daß er nichts mehr mit alledem zu tun hat, was als sein Werk in dieses Sinnessein sich eingelebt hat.
So ist es das Herauskommen aus dieser Maya, das Triumphieren über diese Maya, was uns da überall entgegentritt. So ist es aber nicht bei Paulus. Es ist bei Paulus so, daß etwas in den tieferen Untergründen der Paulusseele, wenn ihm diese orientalische Lehre entgegentreten würde, die folgenden Worte aufkommen lassen würde: Ja, du willst dich herausentwickeln aus alledem, was dich da draußen umgibt, was du auch da draußen jemals verrichtet hast. Das willst du alles hinter dir lassen? Ist denn das nicht alles Gotteswerk, ist denn nicht das alles, woraus du dich erheben willst, göttlich Geistgeschaffenes? Verachtest du nicht Gotteswerk, wenn du das verachtest? Lebt darin nicht überall Gottesoffenbarung, Gottesgeist? Suchtest du nicht zuerst in deinem eigenen Werk den Gott darzustellen, in Liebe und Glaube und Hingebung, und willst nun darüber triumphieren über das, was Gotteswerk ist?
Es wäre gut, wenn wir uns diese von Paulus zwar nicht ausgesprochenen, aber in den Tiefen seiner Seele waltenden Worte selbst ganz tief in die Seele schreiben würden, denn darin drückt sich ein wichtiger Nerv desjenigen aus, was wir gerade als abendläandische Offenbarung erkennen. Auch im Paulinischen Sinn sprechen wir durchaus von der Maya, die uns umgibt. Wohl sprechen wir so: Überall umgibt uns Maya! Aber wir sagen: Ist denn in dieser Maya nicht Geistesoffenbarung, ist das nicht alles göttlich-geistiges Werk, ist es nicht Frevel, nicht zu verstehen, daß da überall göttlich-geistiges Werk ist? Jetzt tritt die andere Frage hinzu: Warum ist das Maya? Warum erblicken wir Maya um uns herum? — Das Abendland bleibt nicht bei der Frage stehen, ob alles Maya ist, es fragt nach dem Warum der Maya. Da ergibt sich eine Antwort, die uns mitten ins Seelische, in Purusha hineinführt: Weil die Seele einmal der Gewalt des Luzifer erlegen ist, sieht sie alles durch den Schleier der Maya, breitet sie als Seele den Schleier der Maya über alles aus. — Ist denn die Objektivität schuld, daß wir Maya erblicken? Nein. Uns würde als Seele die Objektivität in ihrer Wahrheit erscheinen, wenn wir nicht der Gewalt des Luzifer erlegen wären. Uns erscheint sie bloß als Maya, weil wir nicht fähig sind, auf den Grund dessen zu schauen, was sich da ausbreitet. Das ruhrt davon her, daß die Seele der Gewalt des Luzifer erlegen ist, das ist nicht die Schuld der Götter, das ist die Schuld der eigenen Seele. Du Seele hast dir die Welt zur Maya gemacht dadurch, daß du dem Luzifer unterlegen bist.
Von der höchsten geisteswissenschaftlichen Fassung dieser Formel bis herunter zu dem Goethewort: «Die Sinne trügen nicht, aber das Urteil trügt», ist eine Linie. Und die Philister und die Zeloten mögen Goethe, mögen Goethes Christentum noch so sehr bekämpfen, er durfte doch sagen, daß er einer der allerchristlichsten Menschen ist, weil er in den Tiefen seines Wesens christlich dachte, selbst bis in diese Formel hinein: «Die Sinne trügen nicht, aber das Urteil trügt.» Die Seele ist schuld, daß das, was sie sieht, nicht in der Wahrheit, sondern als Maya erscheint. Da wird dasjenige, was im Orientalismus einfach dasteht wie eine Tat der Götter selber, abgelenkt in die Tiefen der menschlichen Seele hinein, wo der große Kampf mit Luzifer stattfindet.
So ist der Orientalismus, wenn wir ihn recht betrachten, gerade dadurch in einer gewissen Weise Materialismus, weil er die Geistigkeit der Maya nicht erkennt und hinaus will aus dem Materiellen. Eine seelische Lehre, wenn sie auch nur in den Keimen vorhanden ist und deshalb so verkannt werden kann wie in unserer Tamaszeit, ist das, was die Paulusbriefe durchpulst und was sich in Zukunft über die ganze Erde hin sichtbar verbreiten wird. Dieses von der eigentümlichen Natur der Maya, das muß verstanden werden, dann erst versteht man in den Tiefen das, um was es sich eben im Fortschritt der Menschheitsentwickelung handelt. Dann versteht man, was Paulus meint, wenn er von dem ersten Adam spricht, der dem Luzifer in seiner Seele erlegen ist und der deshalb immer mehr und mehr in die Materie verstrickt wurde, das heißt nichts anderes als: in ein falsches Erleben der Materie verstrickt wurde. Die Materie da draußen als Gottesschöpfung ist gut. Das, was da vorgeht, das ist gut. Dasjenige, was die Seele daran erlebte im Laufe der Menschheitsentwickelung, das wurde immer schlimmer und schlimmer, weil die Seele am Anfang der Gewalt des Luzifer erlegen war. Und Paulus nennt deshalb den Christus den zweiten Adam, weil er in die Welt getreten ist unversucht von Luzifer und daher jener Führer und Freund der Menschenseelen sein kann, der sie von Luzifer allmählich hinweg, das heißt, in ein rechtes Verhältnis zu ihm bringt.
Paulus konnte nicht alles, was er als Eingeweihter wußte, der Menschheit mitteilen in seiner Zeit. Wer aber seine Briefe auf sich wirken läßt, wird einsehen, daß sie mehr in ihren Tiefen sprechen, als was sie äußerlich zum Ausdruck bringen. Das kommt daher, daß Paulus zu einer Gemeinde sprechen mußte und mit dem Verstand der Gemeinde rechnen mußte. Daher erscheint manches in seinen Briefen wie rechter Widerspruch. Wer aber in die Tiefen dringen kann, der findet wirklich überall in Paulus die Impulse von dem Wesen des Christus.
Erinnern wir uns an dieser Stelle, wie wir selber das Ins-LebenTreten des Mysteriums von Golgatha dargestellt haben. Wir haben ja im Lauf der Zeiten erkannt, daß deshalb zwei verschiedene Jugendgeschichten für den Christus Jesus im Matthäus-Evangelium und im Lukas-Evangelium vorliegen, weil wir es in der Tat mit zwei Jesusknaben zu tun haben. Und wir haben erkannt, daß äußerlich, dem Fleische nach, ganz im Sinne des Paulus gesprochen, das heißt der physischen Abstammung nach, die beiden Jesusknaben eben aus dem Geschlecht des David herrühren, daß der eine aus der nathanischen und der andere aus der salomonischen Linie stammen, daß also zwei Jesusknaben um ungefähr die gleiche Zeit geboren werden. In dem einen Jesusknaben, in dem des Matthäus-Evangeliums, finden wir den Zarathustra wiederum inkarniert, und wir haben es betont, wie in dem anderen Jesusknaben, den uns das LukasEvangelium schildert, ein solches menschliches Ich eigentlich nicht enthalten ist, wie es vor allen Dingen in einem Menschen vorhanden ist, wie es der andere Jesusknabe ist, in dem ein so hochentwikkeltes Ich lebt wie das Zarathustra-Ich. In dem Lukas-Jesusknaben, da lebt eigentlich das von dem Menschen, was nicht eingegangen ist in die menschliche Entwickelung der Erde.
Es ist ein wenig schwierig, hier auf diesem Punkt zu einer richtigen Vorstellung zu kommen. Allein man versuche es nur einmal sich vorzustellen, wie sozusagen die Seele, die in Adam verkörpert war, also in dem, der als Adam bezeichnet werden kann im Sinne meiner «Geheimwissenschaft», wie diese Seele der Versuchung des Luzifer unterliegt, die symbolisch in der Bibel durch den Sündenfall im Paradiese dargestellt wird. Man stelle sich das vor. Dann stelle man sich dazu vor, daß neben jenem Menschenseelentum, das sich in dem Adamsleib inkarnierte, zurückbleibt ein Menschentum, eine Menschenwesenheit, die sich damals nicht verkörpert, die nicht in einen physischen Leib eindringt, sondern die seelenhaft bleibt. Sie brauchen sich ja nur vorzustellen, daß man es, bevor innerhalb der Menschheitsentwickelung ein physischer Mensch entstand, zu tun hat mit einer Seele, die sich dann in zwei teilte. Der eine Teil, der eine Nachkomme der gemeinsamen Seele, verkörpert sich in Adam, und dadurch geht diese Seele in die Inkarnation hinein, unterliegt dem Luzifer und so weiter. Für die andere Seele, gleichsam für die Schwesterseele, wird von der weisen Weltenregierung vorausgesehen, daß es nicht gut ist, wenn sie sich auch verkörpert. Sie wird zurückbehalten in der seelischen Welt; sie lebt also nicht in den Menschheits-Inkarnationen, sondern wird zurückbehalten. Mit ihr verkehren nur die Eingeweihten der Mysterien. Diese Seele nimmt also auch nicht während dieser Evolution vor dem Mysterium von Golgatha das Ich-Erlebnis in sich auf, weil dieses ja erst durch das Einkörpern in den Menschenleib erlebt wird. Deshalb hat aber diese Seele doch alle Weisheit, die erlebt werden konnte durch Saturn-, Sonnen- und Mondenzeit, es hat diese Seele alle Liebe, deren eine Menschenseele fähig werden kann. Diese Seele bleibt also gleichsam unschuldig gegenüber all der Schuld, die die Menschheit in sich bringen kann im Verlauf der Inkarnationen der Menschheitsentwickelung. Diese Seele ist also eine solche, der man äußerlich nicht als Mensch begegnen konnte, sondern die nur von den alten Hellsehern wahrgenommen werden konnte. Von denen wurde sie auch wahrgenommen. Sie verkehrte sozusagen in den Mysterien. Und so haben wir eine solche Seele, man könnte sagen, innerhalb und doch oberhalb der Menschheitsentwickelung, die zunächst nur geistigwahrgenommen werden konnte, ein Vormensch, ein wirklicher Übermensch.
Diese Seele war es, welche statt eines Ich inkarniert wurde in dem Jesusknaben des Lukas-Evangeliums. Sie erinnern sich an die Basler Vorträge. Da ist das schon dargestellt worden. Also wir haben es mit einer bloß Ich-ähnlichen Seele zu tun, die durchaus natürlich, als sie in den Körper des Jesus eindringt, wie ein Ich wirkt; aber alles das, was sie darstellt, ist doch anders als ein anderes gewöhnliches Ich. Ich habe schon betont, daß der Knabe des Lukas-Evangeliums gleich in einer seiner Mutter verständlichen Sprache reden konnte, als er zur Welt kam; und anderes Ähnliches zeigte sich an ihm. Wir wissen dann, daß der Matthäus-Jesusknabe, in dem das Zarathustra-Ich lebte, bis zum zwölften Jahr heranwuchs; heranwuchs auch dieser Lukas-Jesusknabe, der keine besondere menschliche Erkenntnis und Wissenschaft hatte, sondern der göttliche Weisheit und göttliche Opferfähigkeit in sich trug.
So wuchs er heran, der Lukas-Jesusknabe, zeigte sich nicht besonders begabt für das, was man äußerlich menschlich lernen kann. Dann wissen wir ja weiter, daß der Körper des Matthäus-Jesusknaben von dem Zarathustra-Ich verlassen wurde und im zwölften Jahr des Lukas-Jesusknaben das Zarathustra-Ich Besitz vom Körper des Lukas-Jesusknaben nahm. Das ist der Moment, der dadurch angedeutet wird, daß erzählt wird von dem zwölfjährigen Jesusknaben des Lukas-Evangeliums, daß er vor den Weisen des Tempels lehrend auftritt, als ihn seine Eltern verloren haben.
Dann wissen wir weiter, daß dieser Lukas-Jesusknabe jetzt das Zarathustra-Ich in sich trägt bis in sein dreißigstes Jahr hinein, daß da das Zarathustra-Ich den Körper des Lukas-Jesus verläßt und daß von alledem, was jetzt Hüllennatur ist, der Christus Besitz ergreift, Christus, der ein übermenschliches Wesen der höheren Hierarchien ist und der nur unter solchen Umständen überhaupt in einem menschlichen Leibe wohnen konnte, daß ihm ein Leib dargebracht wurde, der, sagen wir, erst durchsetzt war bis zum zwölften Lebensjahre von den vormenschlichen Weisheitskräften, von den vormenschlichen göttlichen Liebekräften, dann durchflossen und durchströmt wurde von all dem, was durch das Zarathustra-Ich in vielen Inkarnationen durch Einweihungen erworben worden war. Man bekommt vielleicht durch nichts so sehr die richtige Achtung, die richtige Ehrfurcht, kurz überhaupt das richtige Gefühl gegenüber dem Christus-Wesen, als wenn man versucht zu verstehen, was für eine Leiblichkeit notwendig war, damit dieses Christus-Ich überhaupt in die Menschheit hereinkommen konnte.
Es haben manche in dieser Darstellung, die aus den heiligen Mysterien der neueren Zeit über diese Christus-Wesenheit gegeben wird, gefunden, daß diese Christus-Wesenheit dadurch sozusagen weniger intim und menschlich erscheine als der Christus Jesus, den viele verehrt haben in der Weise wie man sich ihn vielfach vorgestellt hat: familiär, dem Menschen naheliegend, in einem gewöhnlichen menschlichen Leibe verkörpert, dem nicht innewohnte so etwas wie ein Zarathustra-Ich. Man hat unserer Lehre vorgeworfen, daß der Christus Jesus aus Kräften von allen Gebieten der Welt heraus zusammengesetzt wurde. Solche Vorwürfe rühren nur von der Bequemlichkeit des menschlichen Erkennens her, des menschlichen Fühlens, das sich nicht hinauf erheben will zu den wirklichen Höhen des Empfindens und Fühlens. Das Größte muß auch so erfaßt werden, daß sich unsere Seele im höchsten Maße anstrengt, um zu jener inneren Intensität des Fühlens und Empfindens zu kommen, die notwendig ist, um das Größte, das Höchste einigermaßen unserer Seele nahezubringen. So wird die erste Empfindung nur erhöht, wenn wir sie in solchem Licht betrachten.
Noch eins wissen wir. Wir wissen, wie wir die Worte des Evangeliums zu deuten haben: «Es offenbaren sich die Gotteskräfte in den Höhen, und Friede breitet sich aus unter den Menschen, die eines guten Willens sind.» Wir wissen, daß sie, die Botschaft des Friedens und der Liebe, ertönt, als der Lukas-Jesusknabe erscheint, dadurch daß sich in den astralischen Leib des Lukas-Jesusknaben der Buddha hineinmischt, der dazumal schon in einer Wesenheit war, die ihre letzte Inkarnation als Gautama Buddha durchgemacht hatte und zur vollen Geistigkeit aufgestiegen war; so daß im astralischen Leib des Lukas-Jesusknaben der Buddha sich offenbarte, wie er fortgeschrit ten war bis zu dem Erscheinen des Mysteriums von Golgatha auf Erden.
So haben wir die Wesenheit des Christus Jesus vor uns hingestellt, wie sie sozusagen erst heute aus den Grundlagen der Geheimwissenschaft heraus der Menschheit gegeben werden kann. Paulus, obzwar ein Eingeweihter, mußte mit leichter begreiflichen Begriffen für die damalige Zeit sprechen; er hätte nicht eine Menschheit voraussetzen können, die solche Begriffe, wie wir sie heute an die Herzen heranbringen können, schon hätte verstehen können. Aber das, was seine Inspiration ausmachte, das war ja durch seine durch Gnade bewirkte Einweihung bewirkt. Weil er nicht zu dieser in regelrechter Schulung in alten Mysterien gekommen war, sondern durch Gnade auf dem Wege nach Damaskus, wo ihm der auferstandene Christus erschienen war, deshalb nenne ich diese Einweihung eine durch Gnade bewirkte Einweihung. Aber er war dieser Damaskus-Erscheinung so gegenübergetreten, daß er durch sie wußte: Ja, es lebt mit der Erdensphäre verbunden seit dem Mysterium von Golgatha das, was auferstanden ist im Mysterium von Golgatha. Er erkannte den auferstandenen Christus. Den verkündete er von da ab. Warum konnte er ihn gerade so sehen, wie er ihn gesehen hat?
Da muß man ein wenig auf die Art einer solchen Vision, einer solchen Manifestation eingehen, wie die von Damaskus war; denn sie war doch eine Vision, eine Manifestation ganz besonderer Art. Nur die Menschen, die niemals etwas von okkulten Tatsachen wirklich lernen wollen, können alles Visionäre einfach durcheinanderwerfen und nicht unterscheiden wollen so etwas wie die Paulus-Vision von mancher anderen Vision, wie sie bei späteren Heiligen aufgetreten ist. Wie es zum Beispiel der Verfasser der «Botschaft des Friedens» macht, der zu jenen Menschen gehört, die eben niemals wirklich etwas über okkulte Tatsachen lernen wollen.
Was war das eigentlich, warum konnte Paulus den Christus in jener Art wahrnehmen, wie er ihm vor Damaskus erschienen ist? Warum war darin für Paulus die Gewißheit enthalten: Das ist der auferstandene Christus? Diese Frage führt uns auf eine andere Frage zurück: Was war da notwendig, damit vollends die ganze ChristusWesenheit bei jenem Ereignis, das uns als Johannistaufe im Jordan angedeutet wird, in den Jesus von Nazareth hineinsteigen konnte? — Nun, wir haben es gerade gesagt, was notwendig war, um jene Leiblichkeit zu bereiten, in welche die Christus-Wesenheit hinuntersteigen sollte. Was war aber nötig, daß der Auferstandene so dicht seelisch erscheinen konnte, wie er dem Paulus erschienen ist? Was war denn sozusagen jener Lichtschein, in dem der Christus dem Paulus vor Damaskus erschienen ist? Was war das? Woher war das genommen?
Wenn wir uns diese Frage beantworten wollen, dann müssen wir einiges ergänzend zu dem hinzufügen, was ich eben vorhin gesagt habe. Ich habe Ihnen gesagt: Es war gleichsam eine Schwesterseele der Adamseele da, die da in die menschliche Generationsfolge hineingegangen ist. Diese Schwesterseele ist in der seelischen Welt geblieben. Diese Schwesterseele war es auch, die in dem Lukas-Jesuskriaben inkarniert war. Aber sie war dazumal nicht im strengen Sinn des Wortes zum erstenmal wie ein physischer Mensch inkarniert, sondern sie war vorher prophetisch inkarniert einmal schon. Früher wurde auch schon diese Seele verwendet wie ein Bote der heiligen Mysterien. Ich habe Ihnen gesagt: Sie verkehrte in den Mysterien, wurde sozusagen in den Mysterien gehegt und gepflegt, wurde hinausgeschickt da, wo es Wichtiges in der Menschheit gab. Aber sie konnte nur als Erscheinung im ätherischen Leibe da sein, konnte daher im strengen Sinn nur wahrgenommen werden so lange, als das alte Hellsehen da war. Aber das war ja in früheren Zeiten vorhanden. Da brauchte also diese alte Schwesterseele des Adam nicht bis zum physischen Leibe zu kommen, damit man sie hätte sehen können. So erschien sie denn auch wirklich, von den Impulsen der Mysterien gesandt, wiederholt innerhalb der Menschheitsentwickelung der Erde, immer, wenn wichtige Dinge in der Erdenentwickelung zu tun waren. Aber sie brauchte sich ja nicht zu verkörpern in alten Zeiten, weil Hellsichtigkeit da war.
Sie brauchte sich zum ersten Male zu verkörpern, als gerade die Hellsichtigkeit überwunden werden sollte beim Übergang der Menschheitsentwickelung vom dritten ins vierte nachatlantische Zeitalter, wovon wir gestern gesprochen haben. Da nahm sie gleichsam eine Ersatzverkörperung an, eine Verkörperung, um sich geltend machen zu können in der Zeit, wo nicht mehr Hellsichtigkeit da war. Diese Schwesterseele des Adam war verkörpert im Krishna sozusagen das einzige Mal, wo sie erscheinen mußte, um auch physisch sichtbar zu werden, und dann wiederum wurde sie im LukasJesusknaben verkörpert. So daß wir nun begreifen, warum der Krishna so übermenschlich redet, warum er der beste Lehrer für das menschliche Ich ist, warum er sozusagen eine Überwindung des Ich darstellt, warum er so seelisch erhaben erscheint: Weil er als der Mensch erscheint in jenem erhabenen Augenblick, den wir vor ein paar Tagen vor unsere Seele treten ließen, als der Mensch, der noch nicht untergetaucht ist in die menschlichen Inkarnationen.
Dann erscheint er wiederum, um im Lukas-Jesusknaben verkörpert zu sein. Daher jene Vollkommenheit, die zustande kommt, als sich die bedeutendsten Weltanschauungen Asiens in dem zwölfjährigen Jesusknaben, das Zarathustra-Ich mit dem Krishna-Geist, verbinden. Es spricht zu den Lehrern im Tempel nun nicht nur der Zarathustra — der spricht als Ich — ‚er spricht mit den Mitteln, mit denen einstmals der Krishna den Yoga verkündet hat; er spricht über einen Yoga, der wiederum eine Stufe in die Höhe gehoben ist; er vereinigt sich mit der Krishna-Kraft, mit dem Krishna selber, um bis zum dreißigsten Jahre heranzuwachsen. Und dann erst haben wir jene vollständige Leiblichkeit, die in Besitz genommen werden kann von dem Christus. So fließen die geistigen Strömungen der Menschheit zusammen. So haben wir wirklich, da das Mysterium von Golgatha geschieht, ein Mitwirken der bedeutendsten Führer der Menschheit, eine Synthesis des Geisteslebens.
Als Paulus seine Erscheinung vor Damaskus hat, da ist dasjenige, was ihm erscheint, der Christus. Der Lichtschein, in den sich der Christus kleidet, ist der Krishna. Und weil der Christus den Krishna zu seiner eigenen Seelenhülle genommen hat, durch die er dann fortwirkt, ist enthalten in dem, was aufstrahlt, ist in dem Christus auch alles das, was einstmals Inhalt der erhabenen Gita war.
Wir finden so vieles, wenn auch im Einzelnen zerstreut, in den neu-testamentlichen Offenbarungen von der alten Krishna-Lehre. Diese alte Krishna-Lehre ist aber dadurch eine Sache der ganzen Menschheit geworden, weil der Christus nicht als solcher ein menschliches Ich ist und der Menschheit angehört, sondern den höheren Hierarchien. Damit aber auch gehört wiederum der Christus jenen Zeiten an, in denen der Mensch noch nicht von dem getrennt war, was jetzt als materielles Sein ihn umgibt und was sich für ihn durch seine eigene luziferische Versuchung in Maya hüllt. Blicken wir in die ganze Entwickelung zurück, so finden wir, wie in jenen alten Zeiten noch nicht jene strenge Trennung vorhanden ist zwischen dem Geistigen und Materiellen, wie da das Materielle noch geistig, das Geistige — wenn wir so sagen dürfen — noch äußerlich sich offenbarend ist. Dadurch, daß in dem Christus-Impuls an die Menschheit etwas herantritt, was eine solche strenge Scheidung, wie sie in der Sankhyaphilosophie zwischen Purusha und Prakriti uns entgegentritt, ganz ausschließt, wird der Christus der Führer der Menschen aus sich heraus, aber auch zur Gottesschöpfung. Dürfen wir dann sagen, wir müssen unbedingt die Maya verlassen, wenn wir erkannt haben, daß uns die Maya als gegeben erscheint durch unsere Schuld? Nein, denn das wäre Lästerung des Geistes in der Welt; das hieße Eigenschaften der Materie zuschreiben, die wir ihr selber mit dem Schleier der Maya auferlegen. Hoffen müssen wir vielmehr, daß, wenn wir in uns dasjenige überwinden, was uns die Materie zur Maya macht, wir wieder versöhnt werden mit der Welt. Tönt uns denn nicht herüber von dieser Welt, die uns umgibt, daß sie eine Schöpfung der Elohim ist, und daß diese Elohim am letzten Schöpfungstage fanden: Und siehe da, alles war sehr gut — ?
Das wäre das Karma, das sich erfüllen würde, wenn es nur eine Krishna-Lehre gäbe, denn nichts bleibt in der Welt, ohne daß sich sein Karma erfüllt. Würde es nur eine Krishna-Lehre in alle Ewigkeit geben, dann würde dem materiellen Sein der Umgebung, der Gottesoffenbarung, von der die Elohim am Ausgangspunkt der Erdenentwickelung sagten: Und siehe da, alles war sehr gut —, dann würde dieser Gottesoffenbarung von Menschenurteil entgegengetreten werden: Sie ist nicht gut, ich muß sie verlassen! — Das Menschenurteil wäre über das Gottesurteil gestellt. Das ist es, daß wir verstehen lernen müssen die Worte, die als ein Geheimnis am Ausgangspunkt der Entwickelung stehen. Das ist es, daß wir nicht Menschenurteil über Gottesurteil setzen. Wenn überall alles, was an Schuld an uns haften könnte, jemals von uns fallen könnte und die eine Schuld verbliebe, daß wir die Schöpfung der Elohim verlästern — es müßte sich das Erdenkarma erfüllen und alles müßte in der Zukunft auf uns stürzen. So müßte sich das Karma erfüllen.
Daß das nicht geschehe, dazu ist der Christus erschienen in der Welt, um uns so mit der Welt zu versöhnen, daß wir die Versuchungskräfte gegenüber Luzifer überwinden lernen, daß wir den Schleier durchdringen lernen, daß wir die Gottesoffenbarung in wahrer Gestalt sehen, daß wir den Christus als den Versöhner finden, der uns in die wahre Gestalt der Gottesoffenbarung einführt, daß wir durch ihn das uralte Wort verstehen lernen: Und siehe da, es ist sehr gut. — Damit wir uns zuschreiben lernen das, was wir der Welt nimmermehr zuschreiben dürfen, dazu brauchen wir den Christus. Und könnten alle anderen Sünden von uns genommen werden — diese Sünde mußte durch ihn von uns genommen werden.
Dies in ein moralisches Gefühl verwandelt, das gibt wiederum den Christus-Impuls von einer neuen Seite. Das zeigt uns zugleich, warum die Notwendigkeit vorlag, daß der Christus-Impuls wie die höhere Seele sich umhüllte mit dem Krishna-Impuls.
Meine lieben Freunde, nicht allein will eine solche Auseinandersetzung, wie sie in diesem Zyklus beabsichtigt war, bloß als eine Theorie genommen werden, als eine Summe von Begriffen und Ideen, die wir aufnehmen, sondern genommen werden soll sie als eine Art Neujahrsgabe, als eine Gabe, die in unser neues Jahr hineinwirken und von diesem aus fortwirken soll als das, was man empfinden kann durch das Verständnis des Christus-Impulses, insofern uns dieser die Worte der Elohim begreiflich macht, die wir verstehen müssen, wie sie uns erklingen am Ausgangspunkt, am Urbeginne unserer Erdenschöpfung. Und betrachten Sie das, was beabsichtigt worden ist, zugleich als den Ausgangspunkt unserer anthroposophischen Geistesströmung. Anthroposophisch soll diese Geistesströmung auch aus dem Grunde sein, weil durch sie immer mehr und mehr erkannt werden soll, wie der Mensch in sich zur Selbsterkenntnis kommen kann. Noch nicht kann der Mensch zur vollen Selbsterkenntnis, noch nicht kann Anthropos zur Erkenntnis von Anthropos kommen, Mensch zur Erkenntnis von Mensch, solange dieser Mensch dasjenige, was er in seiner eigenen Seele auszumachen hat, wie eine Angelegenheit zwischen ihm und der äußeren Natur spielend betrachtet.
Daß wir die Welt in Maya getaucht schauen, das ist eine Angelegenheit, die uns die Götter zubereitet haben, das ist eine Angelegenheit unserer Seele selber, eine Angelegenheit höherer Selbsterkenntnis, das ist eine Angelegenheit, die der Mensch in seinem Menschtum drinnen selber erkennen muß, das ist eine Angelegenheit der Anthroposophie, durch die wir erst zur Empfindung dessen kommen können, was Theosophie dem Menschen sein kann. Eine Bescheidenheit höchster Art muß es sein, was der Mensch als einen Impuls empfindet, wenn er sich vornimmt, der anthroposophischen Bewegung anzugehören, eine Bescheidenheit, die sich sagt: Wenn ich das überspringen will, was eine Angelegenheit der Menschenseele ist, und gleich den höchsten Schritt ins Göttliche hinein tun will, dann kann mir sehr leicht die Demut entschwinden, dann kann sehr leicht der Hochmut an Stelle der Demut treten, dann kann leicht die Eitelkeit sich einstellen. — Möge die Anthroposophische Gesellschaft auch ein Ausgangspunkt auf diesem höheren moralischen Gebiete sein; möge sie vor allem das, was so leicht in die theosophische Bewegung an Hochmut, Eitelkeit, Ehrgeiz, an Unernst im Hinnehmen dessen sich eingeschlichen hat, was die höchsten Weisheiten sind, möge die Anthroposophische Gesellschaft das vermeiden dadurch, daß sie an ihrem Ausgangspunkt schon das betrachtet, was mit der Maya auszumachen ist, als eine Angelegenheit dieser Menschenseele selber.
Man sollte fühlen, daß die Anthroposophische Gesellschaft ein Ergebnis tiefster menschlicher Bescheidenheit sein soll. Denn aus dieser Bescheidenheit wird quellen der höchste Ernst gegenüber den heiligen Wahrheiten, in die sie eindringen soll, wenn wir uns auf dieses Gebiet des Übersinnlichen, des Spirituelien begeben. Fassen wir daher die Aufnahme des Namens «Anthroposophische Gesellschaft» in wahrer Bescheidenheit, in wahrer Demut auf und sagen wir uns: Was noch an Unbescheidenheit, an Eitelkeit und Ehrgeiz, an Unwahrhaftigkeit der Name Theosophie hat bewirken können, das möge ausgetilgt werden, wenn man — im Zeichen und unter der Devise der Bescheidenheit — beginnt, bescheiden hinaufzusehen zu Göttern und Götterweisheit, dafür aber pflichtgemäß ergreift den Menschen und Menschenweisheit; wenn man sich andachtsvoll der Theosophie nähert und pflichtgemäß sich in die Anthroposophie versenkt. Diese Anthroposophie wird uns zu Göttlichem und zu Göttern führen. Und wenn wir durch sie im höchsten Sinne demütig und wahr in uns selber zu schauen lernen, und wenn wir vor allen Dingen lernen in uns selber zu schauen, wie wir ringen müssen gegenüber aller Maya und gegenüber allem Irrtum in strenger Selbsterziehung und Selbstzucht, so stehe über uns wie in eine eherne Tafel eingeschrieben: Anthroposophie! Und das sei uns eine Mahnung, daß wir vor allen Dingen durch sie Selbsterkenntnis suchen, Selbstbescheidung, und daß wir auf diese Weise den Versuch unternehmen können, ein Gebäude zu errichten, das auf Wahrheit begründet ist, weil Wahrheit nur erblüht, wenn Selbsterkenntnis mit höchstem Ernst in der menschlichen Seele sich festsetzt. Woraus stammt alle Eitelkeit, woraus stammt alle Unwahrhaftigkeit? Sie stammen aus Ermangelung der Selbsterkenntnis. Woraus nur kann Wahrheit sprießen, woraus nur kann echte Andacht gegenüber Götterwelten und Götterweisheiten sprießen? Sie können nur aus wirklicher Selbsterkenntnis, Selbsterziehung, Selbstzucht sprießen. Dazu möge denn das, was da strömen und pulsieren soll durch die anthroposophische Bewegung dienen. Aus diesem Grunde ist auch an den Ausgangspunkt dieser anthroposophischen Bewegung gerade dieser Vortragszyklus gesetzt worden, der den Beweis liefern soll, daß es sich nicht um etwas Enges handelt, sondern daß wir gerade mit unserer Bewegung unseren Horizont ausdehnen können über jene Weiten, die auch das morgenländische Denken erfassen. Aber demütig erfassen wir es in anthroposophischer Weise und selbsterziehend und den Willen in uns aufnehmend zur Selbsterziehung und zur Selbstzucht. Wenn Anthroposophie, meine lieben Freunde, von Ihnen so unternommen wird, dann wird sie zu dem gedeihlichen Ende führen, wird ein Ziel erreichen, das jedem Einzelnen und jeglicher menschlichen Gesellschaft zum Heil gereichen kann.
Damit sei das Wort gesprochen, das das letzte dieses Vortragszyklus sein soll, von dem aber vielleicht doch mancher etwas in die folgenden Zeiten in seiner Seele mitnehmen kann, so daß es fruchtbar werde innerhalb unserer anthroposophischen Bewegung, für die Sie, meine lieben Freunde, in diesen Tagen sozusagen zuerst versammelt waren. Mögen wir immer in dem Zeichen der Anthroposophie so versammelt sein, daß wir uns mit Recht auf Worte berufen können, wie wir sie zum Schluß jetzt nennen wollten, auf Worte der Bescheidung, auf Worte der Selbsterkenntnis, wie wir sie jetzt als ein Ideal eben in diesem Augenblick vor unsere Seele stellen durften.
Fifth Lecture
We have allowed two significant documents of humanity to pass before our souls in this cycle—at least in very brief characteristics, as was possible given the limited number of lecture days—and we have seen what impulses had to flow into human development in order for these two significant documents of humanity, the sublime Gita and the letters of Paul, to come into being. What will still be important for our understanding is to point out a fundamental difference between the whole spirit of the Gita and the spirit of the letters of Paul.
We have already said that in the Gita we encounter the teachings that Krishna is able to give to his disciple Arjuna. Such teachings are given to an individual and must be given to an individual, because they are, in essence, just as they appear to us in the Gita, intimate teachings. However, the fact that these teachings are now accessible to everyone because they are found in the Gita seems to contradict this. Of course, they were not accessible at the time when the Gita was written. They did not reach everyone's ears, because they were passed on orally. In those ancient times, teachers were already careful to look at the maturity of the students to whom they imparted appropriate teachings. Such maturity was always taken into account.
In our time, this is no longer possible with regard to all the teachings and instructions that have already found their way into the public eye in one way or another. We live in a time in which spiritual life is, in a certain sense, public. Not that there are no longer any secret sciences in our time, but these secret sciences cannot be secret simply because they are not printed or disseminated. There are plenty of secret sciences in our time. For example, Fichte's science of science is a true secret teaching, even though anyone can buy it in print. Finally, Hegel's philosophy is also a secret doctrine, because it is known to very few and even has many means of remaining a secret doctrine. And this is the case with many things in our time. Fichte's science of knowledge or Hegel's philosophy have a very simple means of remaining secret teachings because they are written in such a way that most people do not understand them and fall asleep when they read the first few pages. This means that the subject itself remains a secret doctrine. And so it is with many things in our time that many people believe they know. They do not know them; this means that these things remain a secret doctrine. And basically, things like those found in the Gita remain a secret doctrine, even if they can become known to the widest circles through printing. For the one who picks up the Gita today sees in it great and powerful revelations about the evolution of his own inner being, while the other sees in it only an interesting piece of poetry, and all the concepts and feelings expressed in the Gita are transformed into mere trivialities for him. For one must not believe that someone has really assimilated what lies in the Gita if he is able to express in the words of the Gita what lies within it, but which is perhaps quite foreign to him. Thus, the matter itself, by its very loftiness, is in many respects a protection against becoming commonplace.
But the fact remains that the teachings that are poetically expressed in the Gita are teachings that the individual must carry out and experience for himself if he wants to rise up in his soul through them and finally experience the encounter with the Lord of Yoga, with Krishna. So it is an individual matter, something that the great teacher addresses to the individual. It is different when we consider the content of Paul's letters from this point of view. There we see that everything is a matter for the community, everything is basically addressed to a majority. For when we look at the innermost nerve of the essence of Krishna's teaching, we must say: What one experiences through Krishna's teaching, one experiences for oneself in the strict isolation of the individual soul, and the encounter with Krishna can only be had as a lonely soul wanderer, when one finds the way back to the original revelations and original experiences of humanity. What Krishna can give must be given to each individual.
This was not the case with the revelation given to the world through the Christ impulse. The Christ impulse was conceived from the outset as an impulse directed at the whole of humanity, and the mystery of Golgotha was not accomplished as an act that applies only to the individual soul. Rather, when we think of the whole of humanity from its origin to the end of the Earth's evolution, what happened at Golgotha happened for all human beings. It is a matter of commonality in the greatest possible sense. Therefore, apart from everything that has already been characterized, the style of Paul's letters must be completely different from the style of the sublime Gita.
Let us vividly imagine the relationship between Krishna and Arjuna. He gives him, so to speak, clear instructions as the Lord of Yoga on how he can gradually advance in his soul in order to see Krishna. Let us contrast this with a particularly striking passage in the letters of Paul, where a community turns to Paul and asks whether this or that is true, whether it can be considered a correct view in relation to what Paul has taught. And there we find in the instruction Paul gives a passage that can certainly be compared in its greatness, even stylistically and artistically, with what we find in the sublime Gita. But at the same time we find a completely different tone; we find everything spoken from a completely different kind of soul feeling. This is where Paul writes to the Corinthians about how the various human gifts that are present in a group of people must work together.Krishna says to Arjuna: You must be this way or that way, do this or that, then you will advance from stage to stage in your soul life. Paul says to his Corinthians: One of you has this gift, another has that, a third has this, and when these work together harmoniously, like the limbs of a human body, then this also results in a spiritual whole, which can be completely permeated by Christ. So, through the thing itself, Paul addresses people who work together, that is, a majority. And on significant occasions he addresses a majority, namely where the gifts of so-called speaking in tongues come into consideration.
What is this speaking in tongues that we find in the letters of Paul? This speaking in tongues is nothing other than a remnant of ancient spiritual gifts that come to us again in a renewed form, but with full human consciousness. For when we speak of inspiration in our initiation methods, it is so that a person who advances to inspiration in our time unites clear consciousness with this inspiration, just as he unites clear consciousness with his everyday intellectual activity and sensory perception. This was different in ancient times. Then the person concerned spoke as an instrument of higher spiritual beings who used his organs to express higher things through his tongue. The individual was able to say things that he himself did not understand. Manifestations from the spiritual world came about that the instrument did not need to understand immediately, and this was precisely what had happened in Corinth. A situation had arisen in which a number of people had the gift of speaking in tongues. They were able to proclaim this or that from spiritual worlds.
Now, when a person has such a gift, what he can reveal through it is, under all circumstances, a revelation from the spiritual world. But it can still be the case that one person says one thing and another says something else, because the spiritual realms are manifold. One may be inspired by this sphere, another by another, and then it may be that the revelations do not agree at all. Agreement can only be found when one can enter the worlds in question with full consciousness. That is why Paul gives the admonition: There are people who can speak in tongues; there are others who can interpret the tongues. They should work together like the right and left hands, and one should not listen only to those who speak in tongues, but also to those who may not have this gift, but who can interpret and recognize what the individual is able to bring down from this or that spiritual realm. — Thus Paul again calls for a community matter that is achieved through the cooperation of people.
And following on from this speaking in tongues, Paul gives the explanation which, as I said, is so wonderful in a certain respect that it can be compared in its power, in a different respect from yesterday's explanation, with the statements in the Gita. He says:
“Now concerning the brothers who are enthusiastic, I do not want you to be ignorant. You know that when you were pagans, you were led astray by mute idols. Therefore, I declare to you that just as no one who speaks by the Spirit of God says, 'Jesus is cursed,' so no one can say, 'Jesus is Lord,' except by the Holy Spirit.”
Now there are differences in the gifts of grace, but it is one Spirit. There are differences in the works of men, but it is one Lord. There are differences in the power that individual men have, but it is one God who works in all these powers. But to each one the manifestations of the Spirit are given as he is fit. So one person is given prophecy, another knowledge; another has faith; another has gifts of healing; another has gifts of prophecy; another has the ability to discern people's character; another speaks in tongues; another interprets tongues. But in all these things one Spirit works and gives to each one as he wills.
For as the body is one and has many members, but all the members of that body, though many, are members of the body, so it is with Christ. For by the Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whether Jewish or Greek, slave or free, and we were all made to drink of one Spirit, just as the body is one and has many members, and all the members of that body, though many, are members of the body. If the foot should say, “Because I am not a hand, I do not belong to the body,” it would still belong to the body. If the ear should say, “Because I am not an eye, I do not belong to the body,” it would still belong to the body. If the whole body were an eye, where would the hearing be? If the whole body were hearing, where would the smell be? But now God has placed the members, each one of them, in the body, just as He saw fit. If there were only one member, where would the body be? But now there are many members, yet one body. The eye cannot say to the hand, “I have no need of you,” nor again the foot to the hands, “I have no need of you.” Rather, the seemingly weak members of the body are necessary, and those we consider insignificant prove to be especially important.
God has put the body together and given importance to the insignificant members so that there may be no division in the body, but that all members may work together harmoniously and be concerned for one another. And if one member suffers, all suffer together; if one member is in honor, all rejoice together. But you,” says Paul to his Corinthians, ”are the body of Christ, and individually members of that body. And God has appointed some in the church to be apostles, some to be prophets. He has appointed some as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as prophets, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles, others as teachers, others as workers of miracles Therefore, it is right that the various gifts work together, but the more, the better."And then Paul speaks of the power that can work in the individual, but also in the church, and that brings all the individual members of the church together, just as the power of the body brings the individual members of the body together. Krishna could not have said anything more beautiful to a human being than Paul said to humanity in its various members. Then he speaks of the power of Christ, which unites the various members, just as the body unites the individual members. And Paul characterizes the power that can live in the individual, like the life force in each member, and yet lives again in the whole, in an entire community, with powerful words:
But I will show you a way that is higher than all else:
If I speak with the tongues of men or of angels, but have not love, I am only a resounding gong or a clanging cymbal.
And if I had the gift of prophecy and understood all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I had all faith so as to move mountains, but lacked love, I would be nothing.
And if I gave away all my possessions, even if I gave my body to be burned, but lacked love, I would be nothing.
Love never fails. Love is kind, love is not envious, love is not boastful, love is not proud, love does not behave rudely, love does not seek its own, is not provoked, does not think evil, does not rejoice in injustice, but rejoices in the truth.
Love covers everything, flows through all faith, can hope for everything, can practice tolerance everywhere.
Love, when it is real, can never be lost. Prophecies will cease when they are fulfilled; tongues will be silenced when they can no longer speak to the hearts of men; knowledge will cease when the object of knowledge is exhausted.
For all knowledge is partial, all prophecy is partial.
But when the perfect comes, the partial disappears.
When I was a child, I spoke as a child, I felt as a child, I thought as a child. When I became a man, I put away childish things.
Now we see only dark outlines in a mirror, but one day we will see the Spirit face to face. Now my knowledge is fragmentary, but one day I will know fully, even as I am fully known.
Now faith remains, hope remains in safety, love remains. But love is the greatest of these; therefore love is the greatest.
For all spiritual gifts may be yours: but whoever has prophecy, let him seek after love.
For even if someone speaks in tongues, he does not speak to people, but to gods. No one understands him, because he speaks mysteries in the Spirit.
We see how Paul understands the nature of speaking in tongues. He means that the speaker is transported into spiritual worlds; he speaks among gods.
“He who prophesies speaks to men for edification, exhortation, and comfort; he who speaks with his tongue satisfies himself in a certain way; he who prophesies edifies the church.”
If you all speak in tongues, it is much more important that you prophesy. He who prophesies is greater than he who speaks in tongues, unless the speaker of tongues is able to interpret what he speaks, so that the church may understand.
Suppose, my brothers, I come to you speaking in tongues, what good am I to you if I do not tell you what my tongues mean as prophecy, as teaching, as revelation!
My tongues are like the flute or the zither if their sounds cannot be distinguished. How can one distinguish the playing of the zither or the flute if they do not produce different sounds? And if the trumpet gives an indistinct sound, who will prepare for battle?
So it is with you, if you cannot combine speaking in tongues with clear speech, everything is spoken into the air."
All this shows us that the various spiritual gifts must be distributed among the members of the community and that the members of the community must work together as individuals. But this brings us to the point where Paul's revelation, due to the moment in human development in which it occurs, must differ fundamentally from Krishna's revelation.
The Krishna revelation is addressed to the individual human being, but basically to every human being when they become mature enough to follow the path of the soul upward, as prescribed by the Lord of Yoga. There we are pointed more and more to the primeval times of humanity, to which we also want to return in spirit, in the sense of Krishna's teaching. At that time, people were less individualized, and it could be assumed that the same teaching and instruction would be good for everyone.
Paul stood in opposition to humanity, where individuals were differentiated, where they really had to be differentiated, each with their own special abilities and gifts. It was no longer possible to expect that the same thing could be poured into every single soul; it was necessary to point to what invisibly reigns over everything. This, which is not in any human being as an individual human being, but which can be in each individual, is the Christ impulse. The Christ impulse is, in turn, something like a new group soul of humanity, but one that is consciously sought by this humanity.
To make this clearer, let us imagine how, say, a number of Krishna disciples stand out in the spiritual world, and how a number of those people stand out who have been touched in their deepest inner being by the Christ impulse. Each of the Krishna disciples has kindled within themselves the same impulse that the Lord of Yoga has given them. In spiritual life, one is like the other. The same instruction has been given to both. Those who have been touched by the Christ impulse are disembodied in the spiritual world, each with their own special individuality and differentiated spiritual powers. Therefore, in the spiritual world, one may be responsible for one task and another for another. And the leader, the one who pours into the soul of each individual, however individual each may be, is Christ, who is at the same time in the soul of each and hovers above everything. Thus we still have a differentiated community even when the souls are disembodied, whereas the souls of Krishna's disciples are one when they have received instructions from the Lord of Yoga. But this is the meaning of human evolution, that souls become increasingly differentiated.
That is why Krishna must speak in a different way. He speaks, basically — as he communicates in the Gita — to the disciple. Paul must speak differently. Paul actually speaks to every human being, and then it is a matter of individual development whether the individual, according to his maturity on this or that stage of incarnation, remains at the exoteric level or whether he can enter into the esoteric and rise to an esoteric Christianity. In Christianity, one can always go further and further, reaching the most esoteric heights; but one starts from something different than what one starts from in the Krishna teaching. In Krishna's teaching, one starts from the standpoint of being human, and elevates the soul as an individual, as a single being. In Christianity, one starts from the assumption that one gains a relationship before embarking on any further path, to the Christ impulse, which initially precedes everything else.
Only those who follow Krishna's instructions can embark on the spiritual path to Krishna; anyone can embark on the spiritual path to Christ, because Christ brought the mystery to all who are human beings and can have a relationship with the mystery. But this is something external, something accomplished on the physical plane. The first step is therefore one that takes place on the physical plane. That is the essential point.
If one understands the world-historical significance of the Christ impulse, one truly does not need to start from this or that Christian confession, but can even start from a standpoint that is completely hostile to Christ or indifferent to Christ, especially in our time. But if one delves deeply into what our time can really offer in terms of spiritual life, if one understands the contradictions and follies of materialism, then perhaps one will be led to Christ in the most genuine way in our time, if one does not start from a particular creed from the outset. If, therefore, it is said outside our circles that we start from a special confession of Christ, this must be regarded as a particularly malicious slander, for it is not a question of starting from any confession, but of starting from the conditions of spiritual life itself, and that everyone, whether Muslim or Buddhist, Jew or Hindu, or whether they are Christian, can understand the Christ impulse in its full significance for the development of humanity. But this is also something that we see permeating the whole view and presentation of Paul in its deepest sense, and in this respect Paul is indeed the leading personality for the first proclamation of the Christ impulse in the world.
Having described how the Sankhya philosophy deals with the transformation of forms, with that which relates to Prakriti, we may say that in everything that underlies his profound letters, Paul is acting entirely from the Purusha, from the soul. We find very definite and profound insights in Paul concerning becoming, concerning the destiny of the soul as it develops in manifold ways throughout the entire evolution of humanity.
There is a fundamental difference between what Eastern thinking was still capable of achieving and what we encounter in such a wonderfully clear way in Paul. We pointed out yesterday that for Krishna, everything depends on the human being finding the way out of the cycle of transformation. But prakriti remains outside, as something foreign to the soul. All striving within this Eastern development, even within Eastern initiation, is directed toward becoming free from material existence, from what spreads out there as nature. For what spreads out there as nature is, in the sense of Vedic philosophy, maya. Maya is everything that is out there; to become free from Maya is yoga. We have already shown how the Gita demands that man become free from everything he does, accomplishes, wills, and thinks, from everything he desires and enjoys, and that he triumphs as a soul over what is external. The work that man performs should, as it were, fall away from him, and he should thus, resting in himself, be satisfied in himself. Thus, basically, everyone who wants to develop in the spirit of Krishna's teaching has in mind to one day become something like a Paramahamsa, that is, a highly initiated person who leaves all material existence behind, who triumphs over everything even what he himself has done within this sensory world; who lives in a purely spiritual existence, who has overcome the sensual so completely that there is no longer any thirst for reincarnation in him, that he no longer has anything to do with all that has become established as his work in this sensory existence.
Thus, it is the emergence from this Maya, the triumph over this Maya, that confronts us everywhere. But this is not the case with Paul. With Paul, it is such that something in the deeper recesses of Paul's soul, when confronted with this Oriental teaching, would give rise to the following words: Yes, you want to develop out of everything that surrounds you out there, everything you have ever done out there. You want to leave all that behind you? Is not all that God's work, is not everything from which you want to rise up divinely created by the Spirit? Do you not despise God's work when you despise that? Does not God's revelation, God's spirit, live everywhere in it? Did you not first seek to represent God in your own work, in love and faith and devotion, and now you want to triumph over what is God's work?
It would be good if we would write these words, which Paul did not express explicitly but which reigned in the depths of his soul, deep into our own souls, for they express an important nerve of what we now recognize as Western revelation. In the Pauline sense, we also speak of the Maya that surrounds us. We say: Maya surrounds us everywhere! But we say: Is there not spiritual revelation in this Maya, is it not all divine-spiritual work, is it not sacrilege not to understand that there is divine-spiritual work everywhere? Now another question arises: Why is it Maya? Why do we see Maya around us? — The West does not stop at the question of whether everything is Maya, it asks why Maya exists. This leads to an answer that takes us right into the soul, into Purusha: Because the soul once succumbed to the power of Lucifer, it sees everything through the veil of Maya, and as a soul it spreads the veil of Maya over everything. — Is objectivity to blame for the fact that we see Maya? No. As souls, objectivity would appear to us in its truth if we had not succumbed to the power of Lucifer. It appears to us merely as Maya because we are incapable of seeing to the bottom of what is spreading out before us. This stems from the fact that the soul has succumbed to the power of Lucifer; this is not the fault of the gods, it is the fault of our own soul. You, soul, have made the world Maya by succumbing to Lucifer.
There is a direct line from the highest spiritual scientific version of this formula down to Goethe's words: “The senses do not deceive, but judgment deceives.” And the philistines and zealots may fight Goethe and Goethe's Christianity as much as they like, but he was still allowed to say that he was one of the most Christian of men, because he thought Christian thoughts in the depths of his being, even in this formula: “The senses do not deceive, but judgment deceives.” The soul is to blame for the fact that what it sees does not appear in truth, but as Maya. What in Orientalism simply stands there as an act of the gods themselves is diverted into the depths of the human soul, where the great battle with Lucifer takes place.
Thus, when we consider it properly, Orientalism is in a certain sense materialistic, because it does not recognize the spirituality of Maya and wants to escape from the material. A spiritual teaching, even if it exists only in its germ and can therefore be so misunderstood as in our Tamas period, is what pulsates through the letters of Paul and what will spread visibly throughout the whole earth in the future. This peculiar nature of Maya must be understood; only then can one understand in depth what is at stake in the progress of human development. Then one understands what Paul means when he speaks of the first Adam, who succumbed to Lucifer in his soul and therefore became more and more entangled in matter, which means nothing other than: entangled in a false experience of matter. Matter out there as God's creation is good. What is happening there is good. What the soul experienced in the course of human evolution became worse and worse because the soul had succumbed to Lucifer's power at the beginning. And that is why Paul calls Christ the second Adam, because he entered the world untouched by Lucifer and can therefore be the leader and friend of human souls, gradually leading them away from Lucifer, that is, into a right relationship with him.
Paul could not communicate to humanity in his time everything he knew as an initiate. But those who allow his letters to work on them will see that they speak more deeply than what they express outwardly. This is because Paul had to speak to a congregation and had to reckon with the understanding of the congregation. Therefore, some things in his letters appear to be real contradictions. But those who can penetrate to the depths will truly find everywhere in Paul the impulses of the nature of Christ.
Let us remember at this point how we ourselves have described the coming into life of the mystery of Golgotha. We have recognized in the course of time that there are two different accounts of the youth of Christ Jesus in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke because we are in fact dealing with two boys named Jesus. And we have recognized that outwardly, according to the flesh, in the sense of Paul, that is, according to physical descent, the two Jesus boys do indeed come from the line of David, that one comes from the Nathanic line and the other from the Solomonic line, and that therefore two Jesus boys are born at about the same time. In one of the Jesus boys, the one in the Gospel of Matthew, we find Zarathustra incarnated again, and we have emphasized how the other Jesus boy, the one described in the Gospel of Luke, does not actually contain such a human ego as is present above all in a human being, such as the other Jesus boy, in whom lives a highly developed ego like that of Zarathustra. In the Luke Jesus boy lives, in fact, that part of the human being which did not enter into the human evolution on earth.
It is a little difficult to arrive at a correct understanding of this point. But just try to imagine how the soul that was embodied in Adam, that is, in the being who can be called Adam in the sense of my “Secret Science,” was subjected to the temptation of Lucifer, which is symbolically represented in the Bible by the Fall in Paradise. Imagine that. Then imagine that, alongside the human soul that incarnated in Adam's body, there remains a humanity, a human being that did not incarnate at that time, that did not enter a physical body, but remained soul-like. You only need to imagine that, before a physical human being came into being within the evolution of humanity, there was a soul that then divided into two. One part, the descendant of the common soul, incarnated in Adam, and through this the soul entered into incarnation, succumbed to Lucifer, and so on. For the other soul, the sister soul, so to speak, the wise world government foresaw that it would not be good for it to incarnate as well. It is held back in the soul world; it does not live in human incarnations, but is held back. Only those initiated into the mysteries have contact with it. This soul therefore does not experience the ego experience during this evolution before the Mystery of Golgotha, because this can only be experienced through incarnation into the human body. However, this soul has all the wisdom that could be experienced during the Saturn, Sun, and Moon ages; this soul has all the love of which a human soul is capable. This soul therefore remains, as it were, innocent of all the guilt that humanity can bring upon itself in the course of the incarnations of human evolution. This soul is therefore one that could not be encountered externally as a human being, but could only be perceived by the ancient clairvoyants. It was also perceived by them. It moved, so to speak, in the mysteries. And so we have such a soul, one might say, within and yet above human evolution, which at first could only be perceived spiritually, a pre-human, a real superhuman.
It was this soul that was incarnated instead of an ego in the boy Jesus of the Gospel of Luke. You remember the lectures in Basel. This has already been explained there. So we are dealing with a soul that is merely ego-like, which, when it enters the body of Jesus, acts quite naturally as an ego; but everything it represents is different from any other ordinary ego. I have already emphasized that the boy in Luke's Gospel was able to speak in a language his mother understood as soon as he was born, and other similar things were evident in him. We then know that the Matthew Jesus boy, in whom the Zarathustra ego lived, grew up to the age of twelve; and this Luke Jesus boy also grew up, who had no special human knowledge or science, but who carried divine wisdom and divine sacrificial capacity within himself.
So he grew up, the Luke Jesus boy, showing no particular talent for what can be learned outwardly as a human being. We then know that the body of the Matthew Jesus boy was left by the Zarathustra I, and in the twelfth year of the Luke Jesus boy, the Zarathustra I took possession of the body of the Luke Jesus boy. This is the moment that is indicated by the story in Luke's Gospel about the twelve-year-old Jesus boy teaching before the wise men of the temple when his parents lost him.
Then we know further that this Luke Jesus boy now carries the Zarathustra ego within him until his thirtieth year, that there the Zarathustra ego leaves the body of Luke Jesus, and that Christ takes possession of all that is now of a shell nature, Christ, who is a superhuman being of the higher hierarchies and who could only dwell in a human body under such circumstances that he was given a body which, let us say, was first permeated until the age of twelve by the pre-human forces of wisdom, by the pre-human divine forces of love, and then flooded and permeated by all that that had been acquired through the Zarathustra ego in many incarnations through initiations. Perhaps nothing else gives one the right respect, the right reverence, in short, the right feeling toward the Christ being, as when one tries to understand what kind of physicality was necessary for this Christ ego to enter humanity at all.
Some people have found in this description, which is given from the sacred mysteries of recent times about this Christ Being, that this Christ Being appears, so to speak, less intimate and human than the Christ Jesus whom many have revered in the way he has often been imagined: familiar, close to human beings, embodied in an ordinary human body, without something like a Zarathustra ego inherent in him. Our teaching has been criticized for saying that Christ Jesus was composed of forces from all areas of the world. Such accusations stem only from the laziness of human cognition, of human feeling, which does not want to rise to the real heights of perception and feeling. The greatest must also be grasped in such a way that our soul makes the greatest effort to attain that inner intensity of feeling and perception which is necessary to bring the greatest, the highest, somewhat closer to our soul. Thus, the first perception is only heightened when we view it in such a light.
We know one more thing. We know how to interpret the words of the Gospel: “The powers of God are revealed in the heights, and peace spreads among people of good will.” We know that the message of peace and love resounds when the boy Jesus appears, because the Buddha, who was already in a state of being that had undergone its last incarnation as Gautama Buddha and had ascended to full spirituality, mingled with the astral body of the boy Jesus. who at that time was already in a state of being that had undergone its last incarnation as Gautama Buddha and had ascended to full spirituality; so that in the astral body of the child Jesus Luke, the Buddha revealed himself as he had progressed until the appearance of the Mystery of Golgotha on earth.
Thus we have presented before us the essence of Christ Jesus as it can only be given to humanity today, so to speak, from the foundations of the secret science. Paul, although an initiate, had to speak in terms that were easier to understand at that time; he could not have assumed that humanity was already capable of understanding such concepts as we can bring to the hearts of people today. But what constituted his inspiration was brought about by his initiation through grace. Because he had not come to this through regular training in ancient mysteries, but through grace on the road to Damascus, where the risen Christ appeared to him, I call this initiation an initiation brought about by grace. But he had encountered this Damascus apparition in such a way that he knew through it: Yes, what has risen in the mystery of Golgotha lives on, connected with the earthly sphere. He recognized the risen Christ. From then on, he proclaimed him. Why was he able to see him exactly as he saw him?
Here we must go into the nature of such a vision, such a manifestation as that at Damascus, for it was indeed a vision, a manifestation of a very special kind. Only people who never want to learn anything about occult facts can simply confuse everything visionary and refuse to distinguish between something like Paul's vision and other visions that occurred to later saints. This is what the author of the “Message of Peace” does, for example, who belongs to those people who never want to learn anything about occult facts.
What was it actually that enabled Paul to perceive Christ in the way he appeared to him before Damascus? Why did this contain the certainty for Paul that this was the risen Christ? This question leads us back to another question: What was necessary for the entire Christ Being to enter into Jesus of Nazareth at that event, which is indicated to us as the baptism of John in the Jordan? Well, we have just said what was necessary to prepare the physical body into which the Christ being was to descend. But what was necessary for the risen Christ to appear as densely spiritual as he appeared to Paul? What was, so to speak, that light in which Christ appeared to Paul before Damascus? What was it? Where did it come from?
If we want to answer this question, we must add something to what I have just said. I told you that there was, as it were, a sister soul of the Adam soul that entered into the human lineage. This sister soul remained in the soul world. It was also this sister soul that was incarnated in the Luke-Jesus child. But at that time, it was not incarnated for the first time in the strict sense of the word as a physical human being, but had already been incarnated once before in a prophetic form. In earlier times, this soul had already been used as a messenger of the sacred mysteries. I have told you: she moved in the mysteries, was cherished and nurtured in the mysteries, so to speak, and was sent out where there were important things to do for humanity. But she could only be there as an apparition in the etheric body and could therefore, in the strict sense, only be perceived as long as the old clairvoyance was present. But that was present in earlier times. So this ancient sister soul of Adam did not need to come into the physical body in order to be seen. Thus she appeared repeatedly throughout human evolution on Earth, sent by the impulses of the mysteries, whenever important things had to be done in the evolution of the Earth. But she did not need to incarnate in ancient times because clairvoyance existed then.
She needed to incarnate for the first time when clairvoyance was about to be overcome during the transition of human evolution from the third to the fourth post-Atlantean epoch, which we spoke about yesterday. She took on a substitute embodiment, so to speak, in order to be able to assert herself in a time when clairvoyance was no longer available. This sister soul of Adam was embodied in Krishna, so to speak, the only time she had to appear in order to become physically visible, and then she was embodied again in the boy Jesus of Luke. So now we understand why Krishna speaks so superhumanly, why he is the best teacher for the human ego, why he represents, so to speak, an overcoming of the ego, why he appears so spiritually exalted: Because he appears as the human being in that sublime moment that we allowed to enter our souls a few days ago, as the human being who has not yet submerged himself in human incarnations.
Then he appears again, embodied in the boy Jesus of Luke. Hence the perfection that comes about when the most significant worldviews of Asia are combined in the twelve-year-old boy Jesus, the Zarathustra ego with the Krishna spirit. It is not only Zarathustra who speaks to the teachers in the temple — he speaks as the I — he speaks with the means with which Krishna once proclaimed yoga; he speaks of a yoga that has been raised to a higher level; he unites himself with the Krishna force, with Krishna himself, in order to grow to the age of thirty. And only then do we have that complete physicality that can be taken possession of by Christ. Thus the spiritual currents of humanity flow together. Thus, as the mystery of Golgotha takes place, we truly have the cooperation of the most significant leaders of humanity, a synthesis of spiritual life.
When Paul has his vision before Damascus, what appears to him is Christ. The light in which Christ is clothed is Krishna. And because Christ has taken Krishna as his own soul shell, through which he then continues to work, everything that was once the content of the sublime Gita is also contained in what shines forth in Christ.
We find so much, albeit scattered here and there, in the New Testament revelations of the ancient Krishna teachings. However, these ancient Krishna teachings have become a matter for all of humanity because Christ is not, as such, a human ego belonging to humanity, but rather belongs to the higher hierarchies. This means, however, that Christ also belongs to those times when human beings were not yet separated from what now surrounds them as material existence and which, through their own Luciferic temptation, is veiled for them in Maya. If we look back at the entire development, we find that in those ancient times there was not yet such a strict separation between the spiritual and the material, that the material was still spiritual and the spiritual — if we may say so — still manifested itself externally. Through the fact that something approaches humanity in the Christ impulse which completely excludes such a strict separation as we encounter in Sankhya philosophy between Purusha and Prakriti, Christ becomes the leader of humanity out of himself, but also toward God's creation. Can we then say that we must absolutely abandon Maya once we have recognized that Maya appears to us as something given through our own fault? No, for that would be blasphemy against the spirit in the world; it would mean attributing to matter qualities that we ourselves impose on it with the veil of Maya. Rather, we must hope that when we overcome within ourselves that which makes matter Maya, we will be reconciled with the world. Does it not sound to us from this world that surrounds us that it is a creation of the Elohim, and that on the last day of creation, the Elohim found that everything was very good?
That would be the karma that would be fulfilled if there were only a Krishna teaching, for nothing remains in the world without its karma being fulfilled. If there were only one Krishna teaching for all eternity, then the material existence of the environment, the revelation of God, of which the Elohim said at the beginning of the Earth's development: And behold, everything was very good —, would be opposed by human judgment: It is not good, I must leave it! Human judgment would be placed above God's judgment. This is what we must learn to understand: the words that stand as a mystery at the beginning of evolution. This is why we must not place human judgment above God's judgment. If everything that could ever be held against us could fall away from us and the only guilt remaining were that we blasphemed the creation of the Elohim, then earthly karma would have to be fulfilled and everything would have to fall upon us in the future. Thus karma would have to be fulfilled.
To prevent this from happening, Christ appeared in the world to reconcile us with the world so that we may learn to overcome the tempting forces of Lucifer, learn to penetrate the veil, see God's revelation in its true form, find Christ as the Reconciler, who introduces us to the true form of God's revelation, so that through him we may learn to understand the ancient words: “And behold, it is very good.” We need Christ so that we may learn to attribute to ourselves what we must never attribute to the world. And even if all other sins could be taken from us, this sin had to be taken from us through him.
Transformed into a moral feeling, this in turn gives the Christ impulse a new aspect. At the same time, it shows us why it was necessary for the Christ impulse, like the higher soul, to envelop itself in the Krishna impulse.
My dear friends, such an investigation as was intended in this cycle should not be taken merely as a theory, as a sum of concepts and ideas that we take in, but should be taken as a kind of New Year's gift, as a gift that should work into our new year and continue to work from it as that what can be felt through understanding the Christ impulse, insofar as it makes comprehensible to us the words of the Elohim, which we must understand as they sound to us at the starting point, at the very beginning of our earthly creation. And consider what has been intended as the starting point of our anthroposophical spiritual stream. This spiritual current should also be anthroposophical for the reason that through it we should increasingly recognize how human beings can come to self-knowledge within themselves. Human beings cannot yet attain full self-knowledge; Anthropos cannot yet attain knowledge of Anthropos, human beings cannot yet attain knowledge of human beings, as long as human beings regard what they have to discern in their own souls as a matter between themselves and external nature.
That we see the world immersed in Maya is a matter prepared for us by the gods; it is a matter of our soul itself, a matter of higher self-knowledge; it is a matter that human beings must recognize within their own humanity; it is a matter of anthroposophy, through which we can first come to feel what what theosophy can be for human beings. It must be a modesty of the highest kind that human beings feel as an impulse when they decide to belong to the anthroposophical movement, a modesty that says: If I want to skip over what is a matter for the human soul and immediately take the highest step into the divine, then humility can very easily disappear, then pride can very easily take the place of humility, then vanity can easily set in. — May the Anthroposophical Society also be a starting point in this higher moral realm; may it above all remove from itself what has so easily crept into the theosophical movement in the form of pride, vanity, ambition, and a lack of seriousness in accepting what are the highest wisdoms. May the Anthroposophical Society avoid this by considering, right from the start, what can be identified with Maya as a matter of the human soul itself.
One should feel that the Anthroposophical Society should be the result of the deepest human modesty. For out of this modesty springs the highest seriousness toward the sacred truths into which it must penetrate when we enter this realm of the supersensible, the spiritual. Let us therefore accept the name “Anthroposophical Society” with true modesty, with true humility, and say to ourselves: Whatever immodesty, vanity, and ambition and untruthfulness has been able to cause in the name of Theosophy may be eradicated when we begin — under the sign and motto of modesty — to look up modestly to the gods and divine wisdom, but dutifully grasp human beings and human wisdom; when we approach Theosophy with reverence and immerse ourselves dutifully in Anthroposophy. This anthroposophy will lead us to the divine and to the gods. And if through it we learn to look within ourselves with humility and truth in the highest sense, and if we learn above all to look within ourselves to see how we must struggle against all Maya and all error in strict self-education and self-discipline, then let it stand above us as if written on a tablet of stone: Anthroposophy! And let this be a reminder to us that we must seek self-knowledge and self-restraint above all else, and that in this way we can attempt to erect a building founded on truth, because truth only blossoms when self-knowledge takes root in the human soul with the utmost seriousness. Where does all vanity come from, where does all untruthfulness come from? They come from a lack of self-knowledge. From what alone can truth spring, from what alone can genuine devotion to the worlds of the gods and to divine wisdom spring? They can spring only from real self-knowledge, self-education, and self-discipline. May that which is to flow and pulsate through the anthroposophical movement serve this purpose. For this reason, this series of lectures has been placed at the starting point of the anthroposophical movement, as it is intended to prove that this is not something narrow, but that with our movement we can expand our horizons beyond those expanses that also encompass Eastern thinking. But we grasp it humbly in an anthroposophical way, educating ourselves and taking up the will within us for self-education and self-discipline. If you undertake anthroposophy in this way, my dear friends, it will lead to a fruitful end, it will achieve a goal that can be for the good of every individual and every human society.
With that, I have spoken the last words of this lecture cycle, but perhaps some of you will take something with you into the future, so that it may bear fruit within our anthroposophical movement, for which you, my dear friends, have gathered here in these days, so to speak, for the first time. May we always be gathered in the spirit of anthroposophy, so that we can rightly refer to the words we have chosen to conclude with, words of modesty, words of self-knowledge, which we have been able to set before our souls as an ideal at this very moment.