Life Between Death and Rebirth
GA 140
15 December 1912, Bern
7. The Working of Karma in Life After Death
We are celebrating today the fifth anniversary of the Bern Branch. It is also the first occasion on which we have gathered in this room. Let us hope it will offer a worthy frame for our spiritual work and striving in this city. The fact that we are able to hold our more intimate meetings surrounded by such architectural forms as these is of significance for our spiritual endeavors. We know that in a number of different places such rooms are striven for and already exist. In view of the twofold festive nature of this event, it is appropriate to say a few introductory words about the significance of such forms.
In our strivings we repeatedly come to a threefoldness in one or the other direction that may be termed the sacred triad. We discover it expressed in the human soul as thinking, feeling and willing. If we consider thinking we shall find that in our thinking activity we have to direct ourselves according to objective necessities. If we fail to do so, whether in thinking about the things of the physical plan or about spiritual things, we shall commit the error of not reaching the truth. In relation of our will, also, we must orient ourselves according to certain external moral precepts. Here, too, we have to act according to necessities. In fact, with regard to both our thinking and our willing the necessities of higher realms play into the physical world.
Man feels truly free only in the realm of his feelings. It is quite different from thinking and willing. We feel most at home in the sphere of feeling and sensation when we are compelled neither by thinking nor by willing, but can surrender to what is purely felt. Why is this so? We sense that our thinking is connected with something, is dependent. We likewise feel a dependency in our willing. In our feelings, however, we are completely ourselves and there we live completely within our own soul, as it were. Why is this so? It is because ultimately our feelings are a mirror picture of a power that lies far beyond our consciousness. Thoughts must be considered as images of what they represent. We must so develop our will that it expresses our duties and responsibilities. In the sphere of feeling we can freely experience what speaks to our soul because, occultly considered, feelings are a mirror image of a realm that does not enter our consciousness. It lies beyond our consciousness and is of a divine spiritual nature.
We might say that the gods seek to educate mankind through thinking and willing. Through feeling the gods allow us to participate in their own creative working, though in a mysterious way. In feeling we have something immediately present in our own souls in which the gods themselves delight.
Now by means of forms as they have been created here, our studies can be accompanied by feelings that draw us closer to the spiritual worlds. This intimacy with the spiritual world must be the result of all our considerations. That is why we can attach a certain importance to such surrounding forms and seek to penetrate what they can mean for us. We look in all directions and feel the power of light and color, which for us can become a revelation of what lives in the spiritual world. What we have to say certainly also can be understood in the barren, dreadful halls unfortunately so prevalent everywhere today. But a real warmth of soul can only come about in spiritual studies when we are surrounded by forms such as these. That this can be so after the first five years of our work here in Bern may be looked upon as the good karma that blesses and accompanies our activities. Therefore, we shall devote this occasion that is festive in a twofold way to considering the significance of spiritual science, of a spiritual knowledge, for modern man.
Much that will be considered today has been spoken about previously but we shall discuss it from new aspects. The spiritual worlds can only become fully intelligible if we consider them from the more varied viewpoints. Life between death and a new birth has been described in many different ways. Today our considerations will deal with much that has concerned me recently in the sphere of spiritual investigation.
We remember that as soon as we have gone through the gate of death we experience the kamaloca period during which we are still intimately connected with our feelings and emotions, with all the aspects of our soul life in the last earthly embodiment. We gradually free ourselves from this connection. Indeed, we no longer have a physical body after death. Yet, when the physical and etheric bodies have been laid aside, our astral body still possesses all the peculiarities it had on earth, and these peculiarities of the astral body, which is acquired because it lived in a physical body, also have to be laid aside. This requires a certain time and that marks the period of kamaloca. The kamaloca period is followed by experiences in the spiritual world or devachan. In our writings it has been characterized more from the aspect of what man experiences through the different elements spread out around him. We shall now consider the period between death and a new birth from another side. Let us begin with a general survey.
When man has gone through the gate of death he has the following experience. During life on earth he is enclosed within his skin, and outside is space with things and beings. This is not so after death. Our whole being expands and we feel that we are becoming ever larger. The feeling of being here in my skin with space and surrounding things out there is an experience that we do not have after death. After death we are inside objects and beings. We expand within a definite spatial area. During the kamaloca period we are continually expanding, and when this expansion reaches its end, we are as large as the space within the orbit of the moon. The fact of dwelling within space, of being concentrated in one point, has quite a different meaning after death than during physical existence. All the souls who dwell simultaneously in kamaloca fill out the same space circumscribed by the orbit of the moon. They interpenetrate one another. Yet this interpenetration does not mean togetherness. The feeling of being together is determined by quite other factors than filling a common spatial area. It is possible for two souls who are within the same space after death to be quite distant from one another. Their experience may be such that they need not know of one another's existence. Other souls, on the other hand, might have close, intimate connections and sense each other's presence. This depends entirely on inner relationships and has nothing to do with external spatial connections.
In later phases when kamaloca has come to an end, we penetrate into still vaster realms. We expand ever more. When the kamaloca phase draws to a close, man leaves behind him as if removed everything that during his physical existence was the expression of his propensities, longings and desires for earthly life. Man must experience all this but he must also relinquish it in the Moon sphere or kamaloca. As man lives on after death, and later recalls the experiences in the Moon sphere, he will find all his earthly emotions and passions inscribed there, that is, everything that developed in his soul life as a result of his positive attraction to the bodily nature. This is left behind in the Moon sphere and there it remains. It cannot be erased so easily. We carry it with us as an impulse but it remains inscribed in the Moon sphere. The account of the debts, as it were, owing by every person is recorded in the Moon sphere.
As we expand farther we enter a second realm that is called the Mercury sphere in occultism. We shall not represent it diagrammatically, but the Mercury sphere is larger than the Moon sphere. We enter this sphere after death in the most varied ways. It can be accurately investigated by means of spiritual science. A person who in life had an immoral or limited moral disposition lives into the Mercury sphere in a completely different way from one who was morally inclined. In the Mercury sphere the former is unable to find those people who die[d] at the same time, shortly before or after he did, and who are in the spiritual world. He so enters into the spiritual world that he is unable to find the loved ones with whom he longs to be together. People who lack a moral disposition of soul on earth become hermits in the Mercury sphere. The morally inclined person, however, becomes what one might call a sociable being. There he will find above all the people with whom he had a close inner connection on earth. This determines whether one is together with someone. It depends not on spatial relations, for we all fill the same space, but on our soul inclinations. We become hermits when we bring an unmoral disposition with us, and sociable beings, if we possess a moral inclination.
We encounter other difficulties in connection with sociability in the Moon sphere during kamaloca but by and large whether a man becomes a hermit or a sociable being there also depends on the disposition of his soul. A thorough-going egoist on earth, one who only indulged his urges and passions, will not easily find in the Moon sphere the people with whom he was connected on earth. A man who has loved passionately, however, even if it were only physically, will nevertheless not find himself completely alone, but will find other individuals with whom he was connected. In both these spheres it is generally not possible to find human beings apart from those with whom one has been connected on earth. Others remain unknown to us. The condition for meeting other people is that we must have been with them on earth. Whether or not we find ourselves with them depends on the moral factor. Although they lead to a connection with those we have known on earth, even moral strivings will not carry us much farther beyond this realm. Relationships to the people we meet after death are characterized by the fact that they cannot be altered.
We should picture it as follows. During life on earth we always have the possibility of changing a relationship with a fellow man. Let us suppose that over a period of time we have not loved someone as he deserved. The moment we become aware of this we can love him rightly, if we have the strength. We lack this possibility after death. Then when we encounter a person we perceive far more clearly than on earth whether we have loved him too little or unfairly, but we can do nothing to change it. It has to remain as it is. Life connections bear the peculiar quality of a certain constancy. Because they are of a lasting nature, an impulse is formed in the soul by means of which order is brought into karma. If we have loved a person insufficiently over a period of fifteen years, we shall become aware of it after death. It is during our experience of this that we bring about the impulse to act differently in our next incarnation on earth. We thereby create the impulse and the will for karmic compensation. That is the technique of karma.
Above all, we should be clear about one thing. During the early phases of life after death, namely during the Moon and Mercury periods (and also during subsequent periods that will shortly be described), we dwell in the spiritual world in such a way that our spiritual life depends on how we lived on earth in the physical world. It not only is a question of our earthly consciousness. Our unconscious impulses also play a part. In our normal waking state on earth we live in our ego. Below the ego-consciousness lies the astral consciousness, the subconscious sphere. The workings of this sphere are sometimes different from our normal ego-consciousness without our being aware of it.
Let us take an actual example that occurs quite frequently. Two people are on the friendliest of terms with each other. One develops an appreciation for spiritual science while the other, who previously appeared quite complacent towards it, comes to hate spiritual science. This animosity need not pervade the whole soul. It may only be lodged in the person's ego-consciousness, not in his astral consciousness. As far as his astral consciousness is concerned, the person who feeds his animosity still further might in fact have a longing and a love for the spirit of which he is unaware. This is quite possible. There are contradictions of this kind in human nature. If a person investigates his astral consciousness, his subconscious, he might well find a concealed sympathy for what in his waking consciousness he professes to hate. This is of particular importance after death because then, in this respect, man becomes truly himself. A person may have brought himself to hate spiritual science during a lifetime, to reject it and everything connected with it, and yet he may have a love for it in his subconscious. He may have a burning desire for spiritual science. The fact of not knowing and being unable to form thoughts of his memories can result in acute suffering during the period of kamaloca because during the first phase after death man lives mainly in his recollections. His existence is then not only determined by the sorrow and also the joy of what lives in his ego-consciousness. What has developed in the subconscious also plays a part. Thus man becomes truly as he really is.
Here we can see that spiritual science rightly understood is destined to work fruitfully in all spheres of life. A person who has gone through the gate of death is unable to bring about any change in his relation to those around him, and the same is true of the others in relation to him. An immutability in the connections has set in. But a sphere of change does remain that is in the relationship of the dead to the living. Inasmuch as they have had a relationship on earth with those who have died, the living are the only ones who can soothe the pain and alleviate the anguish of those who have gone through the gate of death. In many cases such as these, reading to the dead has proved fruitful.
A person has died. During his lifetime for [one] reason or another he did not concern himself with spiritual science. The one who remains behind on earth can know by means of spiritual science that the deceased has a burning thirst for spiritual science. Now if the one who remains behind concerns himself with thoughts of a spiritual nature as if the dead were there with him, he performs a great service to him. We can actually read to the dead. That enables the gulf that exists between the living and the dead to be bridged. The two worlds, the physical and the spiritual, are severed by materialism. Consider how their union will take hold of life itself! When spiritual science does not remain mere theory but becomes a life impulse as it should, there will not be separation but immediate communication. By reading to the dead we can enter in immediate connection with them and help them. The one who has avoided spiritual science will continue to feel the anguish of longing for it unless we help him. We can assist him from the earth if such a longing is at all present. By this means the living can help the dead.
It also is possible for the dead to be perceived by the living, although in our time the living do little to bring about such connections. Also in this respect spiritual science will take hold of life, will become a true life elixir. To understand in which way the dead can influence the living let us take the following as our starting point. What does man know about the world? Remarkably little if we only consider the things of the physical plane with mere waking consciousness. Man is aware of what happens out there in front of his senses and what he can construe by means of his intellect in relation to these happenings. Of all else he is ignorant. In general he believes that he cannot know anything apart from what he observes by means of sense perception. But there is much else that does not happen and yet is of considerable importance. What does this mean?
Let us assume that we are in the habit of going to work at eight o'clock every morning. On one occasion, however, we are delayed by five minutes. Apart from the fact that we arrive five minutes late nothing unusual has happened apparently. Yet, upon closer consideration of all the elements involved, we might become aware that precisely on that day, if we had left at the correct time we would have been run over. That means that had we left at the right time we would no longer be alive.
Or what is also possible and might have occurred is that a person might have been prevented by a friend from sailing on the Titanic. He might feel that had he sailed he surely would have been drowned! That this was karmically planned is another matter. But do think, when you consider life in this way, of how little you are in fact aware. If nothing of what might have taken place has happened, then you are simply unaware of it. People do not pay attention to the countless possibilities that exist in the world of actual events.
You might say that surely this is of no importance. For the outer events it matters little, yet it is of importance that you were not killed. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that we might have known that there was a high probability of being killed. If, for instance, we had not missed the train that was involved in a major accident. One cannot mention all possible cases and yet they happen constantly on a small scale. Certainly, for the external course of events we only need know what can be observed.
Let us assume that we definitely know that something would have happened had we not missed the train. Such a knowledge makes an inner impression on us, and we might say that we have been saved in a remarkable way by good fortune. Consider the many possibilities that confront people. How much richer would our soul lives be if we could know all the things that play into life and yet do not happen! Today people only consider the poverty-stricken sequence of what has actually occurred.
It is as if one were to consider a field with its many ears of wheat and reflect that from it a relatively small number of seeds will be sown. Countless others will not sprout and will go in another direction. What might happen to us is related to what actually occurs as the many grains of wheat that do not sprout are related to those that sprout and carry ears. This is literally so, for the possibilities in life are infinite. Moments in which especially important things for us in the world of probability are taking place are also particularly favorable moments for the dead to draw near. Let us suppose that a person left five minutes early, and as a result his life was preserved. At a particular moment he was saved from an accident, or it might also happen that in such a manner a joyful event escaped him. A dream picture that imparts a message from the dead can enter life at such moments. But people live crudely. As a rule, the finer influences that constantly play into life go unheeded. In this respect, spiritual science refines the feelings and sensations. As a result, man will sense the influence of the dead and will experiences a connection with him. The gulf between the living and the dead is bridged by spiritual science that becomes a true life elixir.
The next sphere after death is the so-called Venus sphere. In this sphere we become hermits if on earth we have had an irreligious disposition. We become sociable spirits if we bring a religious inclination with us. Inasmuch as in the physical world we are able to feel our devotion to the Holy Spirit, so in the Venus sphere shall we find all those of a like inclination towards the divine spiritual. Men are grouped according to religious and philosophic trends in the Venus sphere. On earth it is so that both religious striving and religious experience still play a dominant part. In the Venus sphere the grouping is purely according to religious confession and philosophic outlook. Those who share the same world-conception are together in large, powerful communities in the Venus sphere. They are not hermits. Only those are hermits who have not been able to develop any religious feeling and experience.
For instance, the monists, the materialists of our age, will not be sociable, but lonely beings. Each one will be as if encaged in the Venus sphere. There can be no question of a Monistic Union because by virtue of the monistic conception each member is condemned to loneliness. The fact that each is locked in his cage has not been thought out. It is mentioned so that souls may be brought to an awareness of reality as compared to the fanciful theories of monism that have been elaborated on earth. In general we can say that we come together with those of the same world-conception, of the same faith as ourselves. Other confessions are hard to understand in the Venus sphere.
This is followed by the Sun sphere. Only what bridges the differences between the various religious confessions can help us in the Sun sphere. People do not find it easy to throw bridges from one confession to another because they are so entrenched in their own views. A real understanding for one who thinks and feels differently is particularly difficult. In theory such an understanding is often claimed, but matters are quite different when it is a question of putting theory into practice.
One finds, for instance, that many who belong to the Hindu religion speak of a common kernel in all religions. They in fact, however, only refer to the common kernel of the Hindu and Buddhist religions. The adherents of the Hindu and Buddhist religions speak in terms of a particular egoism. They are caught in a group egoism.
One might insert here a beautiful Estonian legend about group egoism that tells of the origin of languages. God wished to bestow the gift of language on humanity by means of fire. A great fire was to be kindled and the different languages were to come about by having men listen to the peculiarities of the sounds of the fire. So the Godhead called all the peoples of the earth to assemble so that each might learn its language. Prior to the gathering, however, God gave preference to the Estonians and taught them the divine-spiritual language, a loftier mode of speech. Then the others drew near and were allowed to listen to how the fire was burning, and as they heard it they learned to understand the various sounds. Certain peoples preferred by the Estonians came first when the fire was still burning quite strongly. When the fire was reaching its end the Germans had their turn, for the Estonians are not particularly fond of the Germans. In the feebly crackling fire one heard, “Deitsch, peitsch; deitsch, peitsch” (German, whip). Then followed the Lapps of whom the Estonians are even less fond. One only heard, “Lappen latchen” (Lapp, lash). By that time the fire was reduced to mere ashes, and the Lapps, brought forth the worst language of all because the Estonians and the Lapps are deadly enemies. Such is the extent of the Estonians' group egoism.
A similar group egoism is true of most peoples when they speak of penetrating to the essential core common to all religious creeds. In this respect, Christianity is absolutely not the same as all the other creeds. If, for example, the attitude in the West was comparable to that toward the Hindu religion, then old Wotan still would reign as a national god. The West has not acknowledged a ruling divinity to be found within its own area, but one outside it. That is an important difference between it and the Hinduism and Buddhism. In many respects, Western Christianity is not permeated by religious egoism. Religiously it is more selfless than the Eastern religions. This is also the reason why a true knowledge and experience of the Christ impulse can bring man to a right connection with his fellow men, irrespective of the confessions they acknowledge.
In the Sun sphere between death and rebirth it is really a matter of an understanding that enables us not only to come together with those of a like confession, but also to form a relationship with mankind as a whole. If sufficiently broadly understood in its connection with the Old Testament religion, Christianity is not one-sided. Attention has been drawn previously to something of considerable importance that should be recognized. You will recall that one of the most beautiful sayings of Christ, “Ye are Gods,” is reminiscent of the Old Testament. Christ points to the fact that a divine spark, a god dwells in every human being. You are all Gods; you will be on a par with the Gods.
It is a lofty teaching of Christ that points man to his divine nature, that he can become like God. You can become God-like, a wonderful and deeply moving teaching of Christ! Another being has used the same words, and it is indicative of the Christian faith that another being has done so. At the opening of the Old Testament Lucifer approaches man. He takes his starting point—and therein lies the temptation—with the words, “You shall be as Gods.” Lucifer at the beginning of the temptation in Paradise and later Christ Jesus use the same words! We touch here upon one of the deepest and most important aspects of Christianity because this indicates that it is not merely a matter of the content of the words, but of which being in the cosmic context utters them. In the last Mystery Drama it had to be shown that the same words have a totally different meaning according to whether spoke by Lucifer, Ahriman or the Christ. We touch here upon a deep cosmic mystery, and it is important that we should develop an understanding for the words, “Ye are Gods” and “Ye shall be as Gods,” uttered on one occasion by the Christ, on the other by Lucifer.
We must consider that between death and rebirth we also dwell in the Sun sphere where a thorough understanding of the Christ impulse is essential. We must bring this understanding along with us from the earth, for Christ once did dwell in the Sun but, as we know, He descended from the Sun and united Himself with the earth. We have to carry Him up to the Sun period, and then we can become sociable beings through the Christ impulse and learn to understand Him in the sphere of the Sun.
We must learn to discriminate between Christ and Lucifer, and in our time this is only possible by means of anthroposophy. The understanding of Christ that we bring with us from the earth leads us as far as the Sun sphere. There it acts as a guide, so to speak, from man to man, irrespective of creed or confession. But we encounter another being in the Sun sphere who utters words that have virtually the same content. That being is Lucifer. We must have acquired on earth an understanding of the difference between Christ and Lucifer, for Lucifer is now to accompany us through the further spheres between death and rebirth.
So you see, we go through the Moon, Mercury, Venus, and Sun spheres. In each sphere we meet, to begin with, what corresponds to the inner forces that we bring with us. Our emotions, urges, passions, sensual love, unite us to the Moon sphere. In the Mercury sphere we meet everything that is due to our moral imperfections; in the Venus sphere all our religious shortcomings; in the Sun sphere, everything that severs us from the purely human.
Now we proceed to other spheres that the occultists terms the spheres of Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Here Lucifer is our guide and we enter into a realm that bestows new forces upon us. Just as here we have the earth below us, so there in the cosmos we have the Sun below us. We grow into the divine-spiritual world, and as we do so we must hold fast in memory what we have brought with us of the Christ impulse. We can only acquire this on earth and the more deeply we have done so, the farther we can carry it into the cosmos. Now Lucifer draws near to us. He leads us out into a realm we must cross in order to be prepared for a new incarnation. There is one thing we cannot dispense with unless Lucifer is to become a threat to us, and that is the understanding of the Christ impulse, of what we have heard about Christ during our life on earth. Lucifer approaches us out of his own accord during the period between birth and death, but Christ must be received during earthly life.
We then grow into the other spheres beyond the Sun. We become ever larger, so to speak. Below us we have the Sun and above, the mighty, vast expanse of the Starry heavens. We grow into the great cosmic realm up to a certain boundary, and as we grow outward cosmic forces work upon us from all directions. We receive forces from the mighty world of the stars into our widespread being.
We reach a boundary, then we begin to contract and enter again into the realms through which we have traveled previously. We go through the Sun, Venus, Mercury and Moon spheres until we come again into the neighborhood of the earth and everything that has been carried out in the cosmic expanse has concentrated itself again in an embryo borne by an earthly mother.
This is the mystery of man's nature between death and a new birth. After he has gone through the gate of death he expands ever more from the small space of the earth to the realms of Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. We have then grown into cosmic space, like giant spheres. After we as souls have received the forces of the universe, of the stars, we contract again and carry the forces of the starry world within us. This explains out of spiritual science how in the concentrated brain structure an imprint of the total starry heavens may be found. In fact, our brain does contain an important secret.
We have yet another mystery. Man has gathered himself together, incarnated in a physical body to which he comes by way of his parents. He has journeyed so far during his expansion in cosmic space that he has recorded his particular characteristics there. As we gaze from the earth upward to the heavens, there are not only stars but also our characteristics from previous incarnations. If, for instance, we were ambitious in previous earth lives, then this ambition is recorded in the starry world. It is recorded in the Akasha Chronicle, and when you are here on the earth at a particular spot, this ambition comes to you with the corresponding planet in a certain position and makes its influence felt.
That accounts for the fact that astrologers do not merely consider the stars and their motions but will tell you that here is your vanity, there is your ambition, your moral failing, your indolence; something you have inscribed into the stars is now working out of the starry worlds onto the earth and determines your destiny. What lives in our souls is recorded in the vastness of space and it works back from space during our life on earth as we journey here between birth and death. If we truly understand them, these matters touch us closely, and they enable us to explain many things.
I have concerned myself a great deal with Homer. Last summer during my investigations into the conditions between death and rebirth I came upon the immutability of the connections after death. Here, in a particular passage, I had to say to myself that the Greeks called Homer the blind poet because he was such a great seer. Homer mentions that life after death takes place in a land where there is no change. A wonderfully apt description! One only learns to understand this through the occult mysteries. The more one strives in this direction, the more one realizes that the ancient poets were the greatest seers and that much that is secretly interwoven in their works requires a considerable amount of understanding.
I would like to mention something that happened to me last autumn and which is quite characteristic. At first, I resisted it because it was so astonishing, but it is one of those cases where objectivity wins. In Florence we find the tombs of Lorenzo and Giuliano de Medici by Michelangelo. The two brothers are portrayed together with four allegorical figures. These figures are well known, but at a first visit it occurred to me that something was not quite right with this group. It was clear to me that the one described as Giuliano is Lorenzo, and vice versa. The figures, which can be removed, had obviously been interchanged on some occasion and it has gone unheeded. That is why the statue of Giuliano is said to be that of Lorenzo, and vice versa. But I am really concerned here with the four allegorical figures.
Let us first deal with this wonderful statue, “Night.” It cannot be understood simply in terms of an allegory. If, however, knowing about the etheric body and imagining it in its full activity, one were to ask, “What is the most characteristic gesture corresponding to the etheric body when it is free from the astral body and ego?” the answer would be the gesture as given by Michelangelo in “Night.” In fact, “Night” is so molded that it gives a perfect representation of the free, independent etheric body, expressed by means of the forms of the physical body when the astral body and ego are outside it. This figure is not an allegory, but represents the combination of the physical and etheric bodies when the astral body and ego are outside them. Then one understands the position of the figure. It is historically the truest expression of the vitality of the etheric body.
One comes to see the figure of “Day” as the expression of the ego when it is most active and least influenced by the astral, etheric and physical bodies. This is portrayed in the strange gesture and position of Michelangelo's “Day.” We obtain the gesture of the figure “Dawn” when the astral body is active, independent from the physical and etheric bodies and the ego, and of “Dusk” when the physical body is active without the other three members.
I struggled long against this piece of knowledge and to begin with thought it quite absurd; yet the more one gets into it, the more it compels one to recognize the truth of the script contained in these sculptures. It is not that Michelangelo was conscious of it. It sprang from his intuitive creative power. One also understands the meaning of the legend that tells that when Michelangelo was alone in his studio, the figure “Night” became endowed with life, and would move around freely. It is a special illustration of the fact that one is dealing with the etheric body. The spirit works into everything in art as in the evolution of humanity. One learns to understand the world of the senses only if one grasps how the spirit works into sensible reality.
There is a beautiful saying by Kant. He says, “There are two things that have made a specially deep impression on me, the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me.” It is particularly impressive when we realize that both are really one and the same. Between death and rebirth we are spread out over the starry realms and receive their forces into ourselves, and during our life in a physical body the forces we have gathered are active within us as moral impulses. Looking up to the starry heavens we may say that we dwell among the forces that are active out there during the period between death and rebirth. This now becomes the guiding principle of our moral life. The starry heavens outside the moral law within are one and the same reality. They constitute two sides of that reality. We experience the starry realms between death and rebirth, the moral law between birth and death.
When we grasp this, spiritual science grows into a mighty prayer. For what is a prayer but that which links our soul with the divine-spiritual permeating the world. We must make it our own as we go through the experiences of the world of the senses. Inasmuch as we strive consciously towards this goal, what we learn becomes a prayer of its own accord. Here spiritual knowledge is transformed immediately into feeling and experience, and that is how it should be. However much spiritual science might work with concepts and ideas, they will nevertheless be transformed into pure sensations and prayer-like feelings. That is what our present time requires. Our time needs to experience the cosmos by living into a consideration of the spirit in which the study itself takes on the nature of a prayer. Whereas the study of the external physical world becomes ever more dry, scholarly and abstract, the study of spiritual life will become more heartfelt and deeper. It will take on the quality of prayer, not in a one-sided sentimental sense but by virtue of its own nature. Then man will not know merely as a result of abstract ideas and the divine that permeates the universe is also in him. He will realize as he advances in knowledge that he truly has experienced it during life between the last death and a new birth. He will know that what he experienced then is now in him as the inner riches of his life.
Such considerations, related as they are to recent research, help us to gain an understanding of our own development. Then spiritual science will be abler to transform itself into a true spiritual life blood. We shall often speak further about these matters in the future.
Einiges Über Die Technik Des Karma Im Leben Nach Dem Tode
Die Feier des ersten Jahrfünftes begeht der Berner Zweig mit dem heutigen Tage, und zugleich sind wir in der Lage, uns heute zum erstenmal innerhalb dieses Raumes zusammenzufinden, der durch seine ganze Art in würdiger Weise eine Umrahmung sein soll für unsere spirituellen Bestrebungen und unsere spirituellen Arbeiten hier an diesem Orte. Wenn gesucht werden solche Umrahmungen und wenn wir in der Lage sind, immer und immer mehr unsere engeren Versammlungen in solchen Umrahmungen abzuhalten, so bedeutet dies immerhin etwas in unseren spirituellen Bestrebungen. Wir wissen ja, daß nun schon an mehreren Orten unseres Arbeitsgebietes solche Räume angestrebt worden sind und auch vorhanden sind. Und wir dürfen wohl an diesem Tage, der für uns, wie es eben charakterisiert worden ist, in zweifacher Weise feierlich ist, mit ein paar Worten einleitend auch der Bedeutung einer solchen Umrahmung gedenken.
Wir kommen ja immer wieder und wiederum bei unseren Bestrebungen auf die Dreizahl nach der einen oder der andern Richtung zurück, auf die heilige Dreizahl, wie man auch sagt. Und innerhalb des menschlichen Seelenlebens findet man diese heilige Dreizahl ausgedrückt in dem Denken, Fühlen und Wollen.
Wenn wir uns besinnen auf das Denken, dann werden wir uns sagen: In unserem Denken müssen wir uns richten nach den objektiven Notwendigkeiten. Denn wenn wir uns in unserem Denken — sei es dem Denken über Dinge des physischen Planes oder über Dinge der höheren Welten — nicht nach den Notwendigkeiten richten, so werden wir allein den Irrtum begehen können, wir werden nicht zur Wahrheit kommen. In unserem Wollen müssen wir uns ebenfalls zunächst nach dem richten, was uns gewisse äußere moralische Grundsätze sagen. Wiederum müssen wir uns richten nach Notwendigkeiten und dürfen wohl sagen, in bezug auf unser Denken und unser Wollen ragen die Notwendigkeiten von den höheren Welten in die physische Welt herunter.
Wirklich im richtigen Sinne des Wortes frei fühlt sich der Mensch in seinem Fühlen. Das ist doch ganz anders als das Denken und das Wollen. Im Fühlen und Empfinden, da fühlen wir uns sozusagen am richtigsten, wenn wir weder den Zwang des Denkens noch den Zwang des Wollens verspüren, sondern wenn wir hingegeben sind an das, was eben gefühlt werden kann. Warum ist dies so?
Ja, beim Denken fühlen wir, daß das mit etwas zusammenhängt, von etwas abhängt; beim Wollen fühlen wir ebenfalls, daß wir abhängen; beim Fühlen aber sind wir ganz in uns selber. Da leben wir sozusagen ganz in unserer Seele drinnen. Warum ist das so? Weil unser Gefühl letzten Endes gerade ein Spiegelbild einer sehr, sehr jenseits unseres Bewußtseins liegenden Kraft ist. Die Gedanken müssen wir so ansehen, daß sie Abbilder sind dessen, was sie darstellen. Das Wollen müssen wir so entfalten, daß es zum Ausdruck bringt, was unsere Verpflichtung ist. In dem Fühlen dürfen wir das frei leben, was uns zur Seele spricht, weil das Fühlen eine Spiegelung ist, okkult gesehen, desjenigen, was allerdings nicht in unser Bewußtsein hereintritt, was aber jenseits unseres gewöhnlichen Bewußtseins liegt und unmittelbar Göttlich-Geistiges ist. Man kann sagen: Durch das Denken und das Wollen suchen Götter den Menschen zu erziehen; im Fühlen lassen uns Götter, wenn auch auf geheimnisvolle Weise, an ihrem eigenen Wirken, an ihrem eigenen Schaffen teilnehmen. Im Fühlen ist es auch so, daß wir in unserer eigenen Seele etwas gegenwärtig haben, woran die Götter selber ihren Gefallen haben.
Nun, durch eine solche Umrahmung, wie sie hier geschaffen ist, können wir alles dasjenige, was wir hier betrachten, fortdauernd mit einem Gefühl begleiten, das uns sozusagen intimer macht mit den geistigen Welten, recht intim macht mit den geistigen Welten. Und diese Intimität mit den geistigen Welten muß uns zukommen von all dem, was wir sonst betrachten. Daher dürfen wir einen gewissen Wert auf eine solche Umrahmung legen, dürfen immer mehr uns hineinleben in das, was uns eine solche Umrahmung sein kann. Da blicken wir nach allen Seiten in solcher Umrahmung und fühlen da, sagen wir, die Gewalt von Licht und Farben, die für uns zu Offenbarungen werden desjenigen, was in der geistigen Welt ist. Gewiß kann das, was wir zu sagen haben, auch aufgefaßt werden in den trivialen, schrecklichen Räumen, die schon einmal in der Gegenwart überall sind; aber warm, so recht warm kann unsere Seele bei den spirituellen Betrachtungen nur werden, wenn wir solche Umrahmungen haben. Daß wir sie auch hier in Bern nach Ablauf des ersten Jahrfünfts unseres Arbeitens in dieser Weise haben können, das dürfen wir bezeichnen als ein gutes Karma, welches unsere Arbeit begleitet und segnet. Und so wollen wir denn bei jeder solchen Gelegenheit, wie dieses zweifache Fest heute eine ist, eingedenk sein der Bedeutung dessen, was Geisteswissenschaft, was geistige Erkenntnis dem Menschen der neueren Zeit sein kann und sein soll.
Nun, dasjenige, was wir heute eigentlich betrachten wollen, das wird sich beziehen auf mancherlei, was schon öfters besprochen worden ist; aber von einem neuen Gesichtspunkte aus wollen wir Bekanntes besprechen, weil die geistigen Welten uns nur völlig verständlich werden können, wenn wir sie wirklich von den verschiedensten Standpunkten aus betrachten. Das Leben zwischen dem Tod und einer neuen Geburt ist in der mannigfaltigsten Weise beschrieben worden. Wir wollen es heute so betrachten, daß wir berücksichtigen können mancherlei von dem, womit ich mich gerade in den letzten Monaten neuerdings auf dem Gebiet der Geistesforschung zu beschäftigen hatte.
Wir wissen ja, daß wir unmittelbar, nachdem wir durchschritten haben die Pforte des Todes, das sogenannte Kamaloka durchmachen, das heißt jene Zeit, in der wir noch enger zusammenhängen mit unserm Fühlen, unseren Affekten, mit all unserm Seelenleben unserer letzten Erdenverkörperung. Allmählich befreien wir uns von diesem Zusammenhang. Wir haben ja nicht mehr den physischen Leib, nachdem wir durch die Pforte des Todes geschritten sind. Aber wenn wir auch den physischen und den Ätherleib abgelegt haben, unser Astralleib hat alle Eigentümlichkeiten, die er hier auf Erden hatte; und diese Eigentümlichkeiten, die dieser Astralleib hat, weil er in einem physischen Leibe gewirkt hat, die muß er ablegen. Dazu braucht er eine gewisse Zeit, und das ist die Kamalokazeit. Nach dieser Kamalokazeit durchlebt er dasjenige, was wir die geistige Welt oder das Devachan genannt haben. Wir haben es in unseren Schriften mehr, man möchte sagen, nach dem charakterisiert, was der Mensch erlebt durch die verschiedenen Elemente, die sich um ihn herum ausbreiten. Wir wollen jetzt von einer andern Seite die Zeit zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt betrachten. Und zwar wollen wir dies zunächst einmal im allgemeinen charakterisieren.
Wenn der Mensch durch die Pforte des Todes durchgegangen ist, so erlebt er das Folgende: Während wir hier auf der Erde sind, können wir sagen, wir sind an einem bestimmten Orte eingeschlossen, nämlich in unsere Haut, und außerhalb ist der Raum mit den andern Dingen und Wesenheiten. So ist es aber nicht nach dem Tode; sondern nach dem Tode ist es so, daß wir uns zunächst mit unserer ganzen Wesenheit ausdehnen, daß wir in unserem Erfühlen immer größer und größer werden. Dieses Gefühl: Ich bin in meiner Haut, und da draußen ist der Raum mit den Dingen — das ist eine Erfahrung, die wir nach dem Tode nicht haben. Nach dem Tode sind wir in den Dingen und Wesenheiten drinnen, wir dehnen uns aus über den Raum, der für uns in Betracht kommt. Während der Kamalokazeit dehnen wir uns fortwährend aus, und wenn die Kamalokazeit zu Ende ist, sind wir so groß, wie der Raum innerhalb des Mond-Umkreises ist. Also tatsächlich wir wachsen, wir dehnen uns aus über den Raum. Das Im-Raume-Sein, das Dasein im Raume hat nach dem Tode eine ganz andere Bedeutung als hier im physischen Leben. Tatsächlich ist es in gewisser Weise so, daß wir in der Kamalokazeit in dem Raume sind, den der Mond umläuft. Jede einzelne Seele ist da, so daß alle Seelen, die gleichzeitig im Kamaloka sind, den Raum ausfüllen, den die Mondbahn umgrenzt. Sie stecken alle ineinander. Und doch ist dieses Ineinanderstecken keineswegs ein Beisammensein, sondern das Sichbeisammen-Fühlen, das Miteinandersein hängt von ganz anderem ab als von dem Ausfüllen eines gemeinschaftlichen Raumes. Da können zwei Seelen nach dem Tode in demselben Raume sein und können tatsächlich unendlich ferne voneinander sein, das heißt ihr Erleben ist so, daß sie gar nichts voneinander zu wissen brauchen, während andere Seelen ebenfalls in demselben Raume sind, aber sich familiär fühlen, sich beisammen fühlen, miteinander sich erleben. Da hängt alles von innerlichen Verhältnissen ab, nicht von äußerlich räumlichen Zusammenhängen.
Und in den nächsten Zeiten, wenn Kamaloka zu Ende ist, lebt sich der Mensch noch in größere Räume ein. Immer weiter dehnt er sich aus. Wenn der Mensch so weit sich ausgedehnt hat, daß Kamaloka zu Ende geht und er sozusagen ausgedehnt ist über einen Himmelsraum, der so groß ist, daß die Mondbahn ihn begrenzen würde, dann ist innerhalb dieses ausgedehnten Raumes, den der Mensch zu durchmessen hat nach dem Tode innerhalb der Kamalokazeit, da ist zurückgeblieben — wie vom Menschen abgestreift — alles dasjenige, was der Mensch jemals während seines Erdenlebens so begangen hat, daß es ausdrückt seinen rechten Hang zum Erdenleben, seine Sehnsucht, seine Leidenschaft zum Erdenleben. Alles das muß der Mensch durchmachen, aber alles das muß er auch zurücklassen in der Mondsphäre oder im Kamaloka. Wenn der Mensch also weiterlebt nach dem Tode und sich später zurückerinnert an diese Mondensphäre, so wird er da eingeschrieben finden alles, was er hier hatte an sinnlichen Affekten und Leidenschaften, an all das, was im Seelenleben sich entfaltet, wegen dessen er sich sympathisch zur Körperlichkeit hingezogen fühlt. Das alles läßt er zurück in der Mondensphäre. Da bleibt es; der Mensch kann es nicht so schnell wieder ausstreichen. Der Mensch nimmt es auch mit als Kraft, aber es bleibt in der Mondensphäre eingeschrieben. So daß sozusagen unser Schuldkonto, eines jeden Menschen Schuldkonto in der Mondensphäre eingeschrieben bleibt.
Dann dehnen wir uns weiter aus. Wenn wir uns weiter ausdehnen, kommen wir in eine zweite Region, die der Okkultismus die Merkursphäre nennt. Es ist hier nicht möglich, genauer einzugehen auf eine Zeichnung der Sache, aber wir wollen einmal zunächst diese Dinge so betrachten ohne Zeichnung. Die Merkursphäre ist eine Sphäre, die größer ist als die Mondsphäre. Wenn wir uns in diese Sphäre hineinleben wollen nach dem Tode, so tun wir das als Menschen in der verschiedensten Weise. Der eine Mensch — das kann man genau untersuchen mit den entsprechenden Mitteln der Geisteswissenschaft —, der eine Mensch, der unmoralisch oder moralisch niedrig gestimmt war, lebt sich in diese Merkursphäre in ganz anderer Weise ein als der Mensch, der moralisch gestimmt ist. Der erstere kann in dieser Merkursphäre, das heißt in der Zeit, die nach der Kamalokazeit kommt in der Art, wie wir es früher gesagt haben, nicht diejenigen Menschen finden, welche mit ihm oder vor ihm oder bald nach ihm ebenfalls den physischen Plan verlassen haben und auch in der geistigen Welt sind. Also er lebt sich so in die geistige Welt hinein, daß er diejenigen, die ihm lieb waren, mit denen er zusammen sein möchte, doch nicht finden kann. Er wird ein Einsiedler der geistigen Welt, der Merkursphäre, der hier auf Erden unmoralisch gestimmte Mensch. Der moralisch gestimmte Mensch wird aber das, was man nennen kann ein geselliges Wesen. Er findet dort vor allen Dingen diejenigen Menschen, die ihm auf Erden nahegestanden haben als Seelenwesen.
Davon hängt es ab, ob wir mit jemand zusammen sind; nicht vom Räumlichen, denn wir füllen alle denselben Raum aus, sondern von dem, wie wir gestimmt sind. Einsiedler werden wir, trotzdem wir denselben Raum ausfüllen wie die andern, und Einsiedler bleiben wir, denn wir finden nicht den Weg zu den andern, trotzdem wir in demselben Raum sind. Einsiedler werden wir, wenn wir unmoralische Gesinnung hineinbringen; gesellige Wesen werden wir, wenn wir moralische Stimmung hineinbringen. Im Kamaloka, in der Mondensphäre finden wir andere Schwierigkeiten in bezug auf das Gesellige; aber im allgemeinen darf man sich vorstellen, daß auch da der Mensch, je nach Beschaffenheit seiner Seele, ein Einsiedler oder ein geselliges Wesen werden kann. Derjenige, der ein ausgesprochener Egoist war auf der Erde, der eigentlich nur die Befriedigung seiner Begierden und Leidenschaften kennt, wird in der Mondsphäre nicht leicht die Wesen finden können, die ihm auf der Erde nahegestanden haben. Der Mensch aber, der leidenschaftlich, wenn auch nur sinnlich leidenschaftlich noch etwas geliebt hat, was außer ihm steht, der wird immerhin in der Kamalokazeit kein ganz einsames Wesen sein, sondern er wird andere Wesen finden, die ihm nahegestanden haben. Aber im allgemeinen ist es in diesen zwei Sphären nicht möglich, andere Menschenwesen zu finden als solche, die uns schon auf der Erde nahegestanden haben. Die andern bleiben uns unbekannt. Also die Bedingung sozusagen, daß wir mit anderen Menschen zusammenkommen, ist die, daß wir auf Erden mit ihnen zusammen waren. Ob wir zusammenkommen, das hängt vom Moralischen ab. Aber auch moralische Bestrebungen können uns nicht viel über jenes Gebiet hinaus fördern, das zu jenen Menschen führt, denen wir schon auf Erden nahegestanden haben. Die Beziehungen zu diesen Menschen, die wir da nach dem Tode treffen, haben das Eigentümliche, daß sie nach dem Tode nicht geändert werden können.
Das müssen wir uns so vorstellen: Hier im Leben haben wir jederzeit die Möglichkeit, die Lebensverhältnisse, die Lebensbeziehungen zu ändern. Nehmen wir einmal an: einen Menschen haben wir durch eine gewisse Zeit nicht so geliebt, wie er es verdient hätte, In dem Augenblick, wo wir dieses einsehen, wo wir zur Besinnung kommen, können wir die richtige Liebe eintreten lassen, wenn wir stark genug sind. Diese Möglichkeit fehlt uns nach dem Tode. Wenn wir nach dem Tode einen Menschen antreffen, dem wir auf der Erde zu wenig Liebe oder ungerechtfertigte Liebe entgegengebracht haben, so sehen wir das zwar, wir nehmen die Sache viel genauer wahr als hier auf der Erde; aber wir können nichts daran ändern. Es muß so bleiben. Das eben ist das Eigentümliche, daß die Lebensbeziehungen eine gewisse Konstanz haben. Dadurch, daß sie etwas Bleibendes werden, bildet sich in unserer Seele die Kraft aus, durch welche sich das Karma ordnet. Wenn wir also einen Menschen fünfzehn Jahre lang zu wenig geliebt haben, so sehen wir dies ein, und während wir es durchleben, bilden wir die Kraft aus, wenn wir wieder inkarniert werden auf der Erde, dieses anders zu machen; dadurch bilden wir die Kraft und den Willen zum karmischen Ausgleich aus. Das ist die Technik des Karma. Vor allen Dingen müssen wir uns über eines klar sein. In den ersten Zeiten nach dem Tode, also während der Mond- und der Merkutrzeit, und auch noch während der nächsten Zeit, die gleich charakterisiert werden soll, da leben wir in der geistigen Welt so, daß unser Leben abhängt von der Art, wie wir hier auf Erden, in der physischen Welt gelebt haben; aber so, daß nicht nur in Betracht kommt unser Bewußtsein, wie wir es auf Erden haben, sondern daß auch in Betracht kommt unser Unterbewußtsein. So wie wir hier auf der Erde leben normal, im Wachzustande, so leben wir in unserem Ich. Unter unserem Ich-Bewußtsein ist das astrale Bewußtsein, das Unterbewußtsein. Und das wirkt zuweilen auf Erden ganz anders, ohne daß der Mensch es weiß, als das Oberbewußtsein, das Ich-Bewußtsein.
Nehmen wir das nächstliegende Beispiel. Zwei Menschen leben hier in den besten Freundschaftsverhältnissen. Da kommt es häufig vor, der eine bekommt eine gewisse Estimation für die Geisteswissenschaft, der andere, der mit ihm lebt, während ihm vorher die Geisteswissenschaft gleichgültig war, bekommt jetzt einen besonderen Haß darauf. Dieser Haß braucht nicht in der ganzen Seele zu sein, es kann durchaus so sein, daß er nur im Ich-Bewußtsein ist, nicht im astralen Bewußtsein. Im Astralbewußtsein kann der Mensch, der sich immer mehr in den wütenden Haß hineinredet, sie eigentlich lieben und nach ihr verlangen, ohne daß er es weiß. Das ist durchaus möglich. Solche Widersprüche gibt es in der menschlichen Natur. Untersucht man sein Astralbewußtsein, sein Unterbewußtsein, so lebt vielleicht gerade da eine ihm selbst verborgene Sympathie mit der Sache, die er in seinem Oberbewußtsein haßt. Nach dem Tode zeigt sich das besonders bedeutsam; denn nach dem Tode wird der Mensch in dieser Beziehung wahr. Einer, der hier auf Erden sich eingeredet hat, noch so sehr Geisteswissenschaft zu hassen, aber im Unterbewußtsein sie liebt, und der während seines ganzen Lebens abgewiesen hat, was damit zusammenhing, der hat oft die brennendste Liebe nach dieser Geisteswissenschaft. Das kann einen tiefen Schmerz in seinem Kamaloka-Leben bedeuten, daß er nichts weiß und also keine Gedanken der Erinnerung hat. Denn in der ersten Zeit nach dem Tode lebt man vorzugsweise von Erinnerungen. So daß der Mensch nach dem Tode nicht bloß von dem abhängt, was ihn quält oder auch, was ihm Freude macht, von dem, was in seinem Ich-Bewußtsein lebt, sondern daß er auch abhängt von dem, was in seinem Unterbewußtsein sich entwickelt hat. Da wird der Mensch durchaus wahr in dieser Beziehung.
Und hier haben wir einen der Punkte, wo wir sehen können, wie Geisteswissenschaft wirklich berufen ist, wenn sie richtig verstanden wird, in das ganze menschliche Leben fruchtbringend einzugreifen. Sehen Sie, der Mensch, der durch die Pforte des Todes geschritten ist, kann nichts ändern in den Beziehungen zu den Wesen, die um ihn sind, und die andern auch nicht, die um ihn sind. Da ist Unveränderlichkeit der Verhältnisse eingetreten. Aber wo noch Veränderlichkeit eintreten kann, das ist auf dem Gebiet der Beziehungen zwischen den Gestorbenen und den noch Lebenden. Die Lebenden, die noch hier sind auf dem physischen Plan, sind sozusagen, wenn sie in irgendeiner Weise zusammengehangen haben, also beide, sie und der jetzt Verstorbene, hier gewesen sind, die Lebenden sind die einzigen, die etwas lindern können den Schmerz, die etwas stillen können die Qual derjenigen, die durch die Pforte des Todes gegangen sind. Und fruchtbar hat sich in einer großen Anzahl von Fällen erwiesen, was man nennen kann gerade für diesen Fall: das Vorlesen den Toten. Es hat sich wirklich das bewährt: da ist jemand gestorben; hier im Leben hat er sich aus irgendeinem Grunde, aus dem, der genannt worden ist, oder aus anderen Gründen, nicht mit Geisteswissenschaft befaßt. Derjenige, der zurückgeblieben ist, kann aus der Geisteswissenschaft heraus wissen, daß der Verstorbene ein brennendes Interesse für Geisteswissenschaft haben kann. Wenn der Zurückgebliebene nun Gedanken innerlich durchnimmt mit ihm, als wenn der Tote ihm gegenüberstehen würde, mit dem Gedanken, als ob der Tote vor ihm stehen würde, so ist das für den Toten eine große Wohltat. Wir können tatsächlich dem Toten vorlesen. Das überbrückt sozusagen die Kluft, die besteht zwischen den Lebenden und den Toten. Bedenken Sie, wenn die zwei Welten, die durch die materialistische Gesinnung der Menschen so geschieden sind — die Welt des physischen Planes und die spirituelle Welt, die der Mensch durchläuft zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt —, bedenken Sie, wie dies unmittelbar ins Leben eingreift, wenn diese zwei Welten zusammengeführt werden! Wenn Geisteswissenschaft nicht Theorie bleibt, sondern unmittelbarer Lebensimpuls wird, also das, was Geisteswissenschaft eben sein soll, dann gibt es keine Trennung, sondern unmittelbare Kommunikation. Das Vorlesen den Toten ist einer von den Fällen, in denen wir in unmittelbare Beziehung zu den Toten treten können, in denen wir ihnen helfen können. Derjenige, der Geisteswissenschaft gemieden hat, bleibt immer in der Qual, nach ihr zu verlangen, wenn wir ihm hier nicht helfen. Aber wir können ihm auch von hier helfen, wenn er überhaupt ein solches Verlangen hat. So kann der Lebendige dem Toten helfen.
In gewisser Weise ist es wiederum auch möglich, daß der Tote für den Lebenden vernehmlich wird, obwohl die Lebenden heute wenig tun, um mit den Toten in Verbindung zu kommen. Aber da wird Geisteswissenschaft unmittelbar eingreifen in das menschliche Leben, wird ein wirkliches Lebenselixir werden. Wenn man begreifen will, wie die Toten auf die Lebenden wirken können, müssen wir vielleicht von folgender Betrachtung ausgehen.
Was weiß der Mensch überhaupt von der Welt? Außerordentlich wenig wissen wir, wenn wir hier auf dem physischen Plane in bloBem Wachzustande die Dinge betrachten. Der Mensch weiß dasjenige, was sich vor seinen Sinnen abspielt und was er aus dem, was sich da abspielt, mit seinem Verstande machen kann. Alles übrige weiß er nicht. Meistens glaubt er, daß sich sonst nichts ergeben könnte, als was er durch die physischen Sinne beobachten kann. Aber es gibt sehr vieles, was nicht geschieht und doch außerordentlich bedeutsam ist. Was heißt das?
Wir wollen einmal annehmen, wir seien gewöhnt, jeden Tag um acht Uhr morgens in unser Geschäft zu gehen. Einmal aber verspäten wir uns gerade um fünf Minuten. Es geschieht weiter nichts, als daß wir um fünf Minuten zu spät kommen. Aber wir könnten vielleicht bei genauer Erwägung, wenn wir alle Verhältnisse ins Auge fassen, dazu kommen, zu erfahren, daß just an dem Tage, wenn wir zur rechten Zeit gegangen wären, wir hätten überfahren werden müssen; das heißt, wenn wir zur rechten Zeit ausgegangen wären, würden wir nicht mehr leben. Oder, was auch möglich ist, was vorgekommen ist, daß jemand durch einen Freund abgehalten worden ist, eine Reise auf der Titanic zu machen. Er kann sagen: Wäre er damals gefahren, so wäre er zugrunde gegangen! Daß das karmisch so bedingt war, ist eine andere Sache. Aber denken Sie einmal, wenn Sie das Leben so betrachten, wieviel Sie vom Leben wissen. Wenn nichts von dem geschehen ist, was hätte geschehen können, so wissen Sie es nur nicht. Die unendlichen Möglichkeiten, die da bestehen in der Welt der Wirklichkeiten, die beachtet der Mensch nicht. Sie können sagen: Das ist gewiß nicht bedeutsam! Für die äußeren Verhältnisse ist es nicht bedeutsam; bedeutsamer ist es, daß wir nicht zugrunde gegangen sind. Aber ich möchte darauf aufmerksam machen, daß wir hätten wissen können: die Wahrscheinlichkeit war groß, daß wir hätten zugrunde gehen können, wenn wir zum Beispiel einen von einer Katastrophe betroffenen Zug nicht versäumt hätten. Man könnte sich alle möglichen Fälle aufzählen, die aber im kleinen immer wieder vorkommen. Gewiß, für den äußeren Lauf der Dinge brauchen wir nur zu wissen, was wir beobachten können. Aber nehmen wir an, wir wissen genau, daß etwas hätte geschehen können, wenn wir den Zug nicht versäumt hätten. Dann macht ein solches Erlebnis einen Eindruck auf unser Gemüt, und wir sagen: Wie bin ich da bewahrt worden durch ein gütiges Geschick auf sonderbare Weise! Denken Sie sich alle diese Dinge, die der Möglichkeit nach an den Menschen herantreten. Unendlich viel reicher wäre das Seelenleben — und wie reich wäre es, wenn der Mensch das alles wissen könnte, während er jetzt nur das armselige Leben des Geschehenen ins Auge faßt —, wenn er alles das wissen könnte, was so hereinspielt in das Leben, ohne daß es wirklich geschieht.
Es ist, wie wenn Sie den Blick hinwenden auf das Getreidefeld und da die Ähren betrachten, die vielen Weizenkörner, von denen diejenigen, die wieder ausgesät werden, eine verhältnismäßig geringe Anzahl ausmachen, unzählige aber werden keine neuen Halme mit Ähren, sondern gehen einen anderen Weg. Das, was möglich ist mit uns, verhält sich zu dem, was wirklich wird, so wie die vielen Weizenkörner, die nicht wieder zu Ähren werden, zu denen, die Ähren werden. Es ist so in Wirklichkeit; denn das, was im Leben möglich ist, ist ungeheuer reich. Und diejenigen Momente, wo besonders wichtige Dinge in der Welt des Möglichen mit uns vorgehen, das sind die günstigen Momente, wo die Toten uns nahetreten können. Nehmen wir an, daß jemand fünf Minuten zu früh weggeht und dadurch vor dem Zutodefallen bewahrt geblieben ist in dem Moment, wo er von einem Unglück erreicht worden wäre oder auch von etwas Freudigem erreicht wird, das uns auf diese Weise entgangen ist. In diesem Moment ist es, wo hereinwehen kann in das Leben wie in einem Traumbilde dasjenige, was die Toten uns selber mitteilen. Aber der Mensch lebt grob. Er kümmert sich nur um das Grobe, nicht um die Feinheiten des Lebens, die in dieses Leben hereinspielen und vorgehen. In dieser Beziehung wird durch die Geisteswissenschaft das Gefühl und die Empfindung verfeinert. Dann wird der Mensch diejenigen in das Leben hereinragen fühlen, die da tot sind, und er wird Zusammenhang haben mit ihnen. Die Kluft zwischen Lebendigen und Toten wird überbrückt werden durch die Geisteswissenschaft, die wirklich ein Lebenselixier wird.
Die nächste Sphäre, also die nächste Zeit nach dem Tode ist die sogenannte Venus-Sphäre. In dieser Venus-Sphäre werden wir Einsiedler, wenn wir hier unreligiös gestimmt waren. Gesellige Wesen werden wir durch religiöse Stimmung, die wir mitbringen. Je nachdem wir in der Lage waren zu fühlen hier in der physischen Welt unsere Hingabe an den heiligen Geist, finden wir alle diejenigen, die die gleiche Stimmung dem Geist-Göttlichen gegenüber haben. In dieser Venus-Sphäre sind die Menschen gruppiert nach Religionsund Weltanschauungs-Verhältnissen. Hier auf Erden ist es noch so, daß sowohl religiöses Streben als auch religiöses Erleben den Ausschlag geben. In der Venus-Sphäre ist die Gruppierung lediglich nach Religions- und Weltanschauungs-Bekenntnissen. Diejenigen, welche die gleiche Weltanschauung haben, sind in großen, mächtigen Gemeinden in der Venus-Sphäre; sie sind nicht Einsiedler. Einsiedler sind diejenigen, die gar keine religiösen Empfindungen und Impulse entwickeln können. Also diejenigen, die wir in unserer Zeit Monisten, Materialisten nennen, werden nicht zu geselligen, sondern zu einsamen Wesen werden; jeder wird wie in einem eigenen Käfige die Zeit in der Venus-Sphäre zubringen, und ein Monistenbund ist in dieser Sphäre ganz unmöglich, weil durch das, was das monistische Glaubensbekenntnis ist, der Mensch zur Einsamkeit verurteilt wird. Das ist eine Tatsache, nicht etwa nur Ausgedachtes, daß jeder in einen eigenen Käfig gesperrt ist. Das ist dazu da, um die Seele zu erziehen für die Wirklichkeit gegenüber der Phantasterei des Monismus, die sie sich hier angeeignet hat. Im ganzen kann man sagen: Zusammenkommen kann man mit denjenigen, die mit uns gleicher Weltanschauung, gleichen Glaubens sind. Schwer verständlich sind uns andere Bekenntnisse in der VenusSphäre.
Dann kommt die Sonnensphäre. Das ist die nächstfolgende Zeit. In der Sonnensphäre kann uns nur noch dasjenige helfen, was die verschiedenen Bekenntnisse ausgleicht, was die Brücke bilden kann von einem Religionsbekenntnis zum andern. Nun ja, in bezug auf dieses Brückebilden von einem Bekenntnis zum andern haben die Menschen so ihre eigenen Anschauungen und können nicht leicht begreifen, wie man finden kann ein wirkliches Verständnis auch des anders Denkenden und anders Fühlenden. Theoretisch ist ja dieses Verständnis vielfach gefordert worden; wenn die Forderung aber praktisch werden soll, da wird die Sache gleich anders.
Dann kann man die Erfahrung machen, daß mancher, der der Hindu-Religion angehört, zwar von dem gemeinsamen Wesenskern aller Religionen redet, aber er meint mit gemeinsamem Wesenskern nur das, was in der Hindu- oder Buddha-Religion enthalten ist. Die Bekenner reden von der Hindu- und der Buddha-Religion in besonderen Egoismen, und wenn sie davon reden, sind sie im Gruppenegoismus befangen. — Man könnte da eine schöne Legende vom Gruppenegoismus einfügen, die sich bei den Esten findet.
Die Esten haben eine sehr schöne Legende über die Entstehung der Sprachen: Gott wollte den Menschen die Sprache gewähren durch das Feuer. Da soll ein großes Feuer angemacht worden sein, und durch das eigentümliche Tönen des Feuers, dem die Menschen zuhören sollten, und durch das, was sie da als Laute hören würden, sollte die Sprache werden. So rief die Gottheit die Völker der Erde zusammen, auf daß die Völker ihre Sprachen lernen könnten. Aber bevor die andern hergerufen wurden, nahm Gott die Esten vor, und ihnen lehrte er die göttlich-geistige Sprache, also eine höhere Sprache. Dann kamen erst die andern heran, und die durften dem Feuer zuhören, und da sie hörten, wie das Feuer brannte, da lernten sie die Töne verstehen. Die einzelnen Völker, die die Esten besonders gern hatten, die kamen zuerst, als das Feuer noch ziemlich stark brannte. Als das Feuer schon ziemlich gegen das Ende ging, kamen die Deutschen, denn die Esten lieben die Deutschen nicht besonders. Und da konnte man hören aus dem schon zerprasselnden Feuer: «Deitsch, peitsch, deitsch, peitsch.» Dann kamen die Lappen, die die Esten gar nicht lieben, und da hörte man nur noch: «Lappen latschen.» Und da hier das Feuer nur bloß noch Asche war, brachten die Lappen die allerschlechteste Sprache heraus, weil die Esten mit den Lappen in Todfeindschaft lebten. — So sieht man, wie die Esten alles, was sie an Gruppenegoismus haben, da zum Ausdruck bringen.
So ähnlich sind die meisten Völker, wenn sie davon sprechen, daß sie zu dem Wesenskern in den verschiedenen Religionsgemeinschaften vordringen wollen. Und da muß tatsächlich gesagt werden, daß in dieser Beziehung das Christentum unbedingt anders ist als die andern Bekenntnisse. Wenn es zum Beispiel im Abendlande geradeso wäre wie in der Hindu-Religion, so würde der alte Wotan als Nationalgott immer noch herrschend sein. Aber das Abendland hat nicht einen herrschenden Gott genommen, der innerhalb des Abendlandes zu finden war, sondern einen, der außerhalb zu finden ist. Das ist ein wesentlicher Unterschied gegenüber dem Hinduismus und dem Buddhismus. So ist in vieler Beziehung das abendländische Christentum nicht durchsetzt von religiösem Egoismus, es ist religiös viel selbstloser als die morgenländischen Religionen. Deshalb ist die richtige Erkenntnis und Empfindung des ChristusImpulses auch dasjenige, was den Menschen in ein richtiges Verhältnis bringt zu den Mitmenschen, gleichgültig welches innere Bekenntnisleben sie haben.
In der Sonnensphäre zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt heißt es wirklich, das Verständnis dessen zu haben, was uns ermöglicht, nicht nur mit Menschen des gleichen Bekenntnisses, sondern mit allen Menschen sozusagen in ein Verhältnis zu kommen, weil dieses Christentum niemals, wenn wir es so weit fassen, daß wir es mit der alttestamentlichen Religion zusammenhängend betrachten, Einseitigkeit lehrt. Auf eines ist aufmerksam gemacht worden, was im höchsten Grade bedeutsam und notwendig ist zu erkennen: Es wird Ihnen erinnerlich sein, daß eines der schönsten Worte des Neuen Testamentes, das der Christus sagt, an das Alte Testament erinnert, das Wort: «Ihr seid Götter.» Christus weist die Menschen darauf hin, daß in jedem Menscheninnern ein göttlicher Kern lebt, ein Gott: Ihr seid alle Götter. Ihr kommt Göttern gleich. — Eine hohe Lehre des Christus ist es, den Menschen hinzuweisen auf seine göttliche Natur, darauf, daß er sein kann wie Gott. Du kannst sein wie Gott, eine wunderbare, groß und tief zum Herzen gehende Lehre des Christus! Ein anderes Wesen hat dieselben Worte vorgetragen, und es gehört zum Christus-Bekenntnis, daß ein anderes Wesen dasselbe vorgebracht hat. Luzifer, im Beginn des Alten Testamentes, trat an den Menschen heran, und die Versuchung besteht darin, daß er den Ausgangspunkt nimmt von den Worten: «Ihr werdet sein wie Gott.» Das gleiche Wort sagt Luzifer am Ausgangspunkt der Versuchung im Paradies, und wiederum sagt es der Christus Jesus, ganz dasselbe Wort! Wir berühren hier einen der tiefsten, bedeutungsvollsten Punkte des Christus-Bekenntnisses, den Punkt, wo sozusagen mit dem Finger darauf hingedeutet wird, daß es nicht bloß auf den Inhalt irgendwelcher Worte ankommt, sondern daß es darauf ankommt, welches Wesen im Weltenzusammenhang irgendein Wort ausspricht. Deshalb mußte auch im letzten Mysterienspiel gezeigt werden: Es kann dieselben Sätze Luzifer sagen, und sie sind etwas ganz anderes, als wenn Ahriman sie sagt, und etwas anderes, wenn Christus sie sagt. Da berühren wir ein tiefes Geheimnis des Weltendaseins, und es ist wichtig, daß wir uns ein Verständnis aneignen für dasjenige, was gerade durch dieses «Ihr seid Götter», «Ihr werdet sein wie Gott» das eine Mal aus dem Munde des Christus, das andere Mal aus dem Munde des Luzifer ausgesprochen ist.
Das muß durchaus in Betracht gezogen werden, daß wir zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt auch eben einmal in der Sonnensphäre leben werden und in dieser Sonnensphäre ein ganz gründliches Verständnis des Christus-Impulses nötig haben. Dieses müssen wir von der Erde mitbringen; denn der Christus ist einmal auf der Sonne gewesen, aber er ist, wie wir gehört haben, von der Sonne heruntergekommen und hat sich jetzt mit der Erde vereinigt. Mithin müssen wir ihn hinauftragen bis in die Sonnenzeit und dann können wir mit dem Christus-Impuls ein geselliges Wesen sein, können ihn in der Sonnensphäre verstehen.
Aber wir müssen unterscheiden lernen, und das lernen wir jetzt nur durch die Anthroposophie, zwischen Christus und Luzifer. Denn dasjenige, was wir von der Erde mitbringen in unserm Christus-Verständnis, das führt uns allerdings bis zur Sonne hinauf und ist innerhalb der Sonnensphäre sozusagen ein Führer von Menschenseele zu Menschenseele ohne Unterschied von Glaube und Bekenntnis; aber ein anderes Wesen begegnet uns in der Sonnensphäre, das dieselben Worte spricht, die im Grunde genommen denselben Inhalt haben: Luzifer ist dieses Wesen. Und dieses Verständnis müssen wir erworben haben für den Unterschied zwischen Christus und Luzifer, denn Luzifer muß uns nun begleiten durch die weiteren Sphären zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt.
Sehen Sie, so durchleben wir eine Mond-, Merkur-, Venus- und Sonnensphäre. In jeder dieser Sphären erreichen wir zunächst dasjenige, was wir in bezug auf die innere Kraft mit uns gebracht haben. In der Mondsphäre die Affekte: Triebe, Leidenschaften, sinnliche Liebe verbinden uns mit dieser Sphäre. In der Merkursphäre erreicht uns alles, was wir an moralischen Unvollkommenheiten haben, in der Venus-Sphäre, was wir an religiösen Unvollkommenheiten haben, in der Sonnensphäre, was uns trennt von all dem, was «menschlich» heißt.
Jetzt also gehen wir in die andern Sphären, die der Okkultist als die Mars-, die Jupiter-, die Saturnsphäre kennt. Da ist Luzifer unser Führer, da treten wir ein in eine Welt, die uns mit neuen Kräften befruchtet. So wie wir hier die Erde unter uns haben, so haben wir da den Kosmos innerhalb der Sonne unter uns. Wir wachsen hinein in die göttlich-geistigen Welten, und während wir hineinwachsen in diese göttlich-geistigen Welten, müssen wir dasjenige im Gedächtnis behalten, was wir mitgebracht haben von dem ChristusImpuls. Den können wir nur auf der Erde erwerben, und je stärker wir ihn erworben haben, desto weiter können wir ihn hinaustragen in den Kosmos. Da tritt dann Luzifer an uns heran. Der führt uns in die Welt, in die wir hinaus müssen, damit wir für eine neue Inkarnation vorbereitet werden. Und dasjenige, was wir nicht entbehren können, damit Luzifer uns nicht gefährlich werde, das ist das Verständnis des Christus-Impulses, dasjenige, was wir gehört haben von Christus während der Erdenzeit. Der Luzifer kommt schon an uns heran in der Zeit zwischen Tod und Geburt, aber den Christus müssen wir aufgenommen haben während der Erdenzeit. Dann wachsen wir hinein in die andern Sphären, die außerhalb der Sonne sind. Wir werden immer größer und größer sozusagen, wir haben unter uns die Sonne und über uns den ganzen großen, mächtigen Sternenhimmel. In den großen Weltenraum hinein wachsen wir, in den Kosmos hinaus bis zu gewissen Grenzen. Und während wir hinauswachsen, wirken die kosmischen Kräfte aus allen Sternen auf uns. Wir nehmen aus der ganzen mächtigen Sternenwelt die Kräfte auf in unser mächtig ausgedehntes Wesen.
Bis zu einer Grenze kommen wir. Dann ziehen wir uns wiederum zusammen und treten wieder in dasjenige ein, was wir durchgemacht haben. Wir kommen durch die Sonnen-, Venus-, Merkur-, Mondensphäre, bis wir wiederum der Erde nahe kommen, und bis dasjenige, was in den Weltenraum hinausgetragen war, sich wiederum zusammenzieht zu einem Keim, der in einer Menschenmutter zu einem neuen Menschen sich bildet. Das geschieht dann wiederum, wenn der Mensch sich hinausgedehnt hat in die fernen Weltenräume und da aufgenommen hat die kosmischen Kräfte.
Das ist das Geheimnis vom Menschensein nach dem Tode, zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt. Nachdem der Mensch durch die Pforte des Todes gegangen war, ist er von dem kleinen Raum der Erde ausgehend immer größer und größer geworden, ist bis zur Mond-, Merkur-, Venus-, Sonnen-, Mars-, Jupiter-, Saturnsphäre hinausgewachsen. Da sind wir in den Weltenraum hinausgewachsen; gleichsam eine Riesenkugel werden wir als Geisteswesen. Dann, nachdem wir als Seele aufgenommen haben die Kräfte des Universums, der Sterne, ziehen wir uns wieder zusammen, und dann haben wir die Kräfte der Sternenwelt in uns. Da haben wir eine Erklärung der Geistesforschung dafür, daß in dieser unserer zusarmmengepreßten Gehirnmasse ein Abdruck des ganzen Sternenhimmels zu finden ist. Tatsächlich birgt unser Gehirn ein bedeutungsvolles Geheimnis.
Und noch ein Geheimnis liegt hierin: der Mensch hat sich also zusammengezogen, hat sich inkarniert in einem physischen Leibe, in den er durch ein Elternpaar gekommen ist. So weit ist der Mensch gelangt, denn da hat er eingeschrieben, während er sich ausgedehnt hat im Weltenraum, alles dasjenige, was seine Eigenschaften waren. Wenn wir auf der Erde stehen und in den Sternenhimmel hinausblicken, so sind da nicht bloß Sterne, sondern da sind unsere Eigenschaften aus den früheren Inkarnationen. Wenn wir zum Beispiel in früheren Inkarnationen ehrgeizig waren, so steht dieser Ehrgeiz in der Sternenwelt geschrieben. Er ist eingeschrieben in der AkashaChronik, und wenn Sie hier auf Erden an einem bestimmten Punkte stehen, kommt der Ehrgeiz mit dem betreffenden Planeten in dieser oder jener Lage zu Ihnen; er macht seinen Einfluß geltend. Und das ist deren Moral, daß die Astrologen nicht bloß Sterne und Sternwirkungen sehen, sondern daß sie sagen: Da steht Ihre Eitelkeit, Ihr Ehrgeiz, Ihr Unmoralisches, Ihre Trägheit; und da wirkt jetzt etwas, was Sie in die Sterne eingeschrieben haben, in gewisser Weise aus der Sternenwelt wieder herunter und bedingt Ihr Schicksal. Darum schreiben wir dasjenige, was in unserer Seele ist, ein in den großen Raum, und da wirkt es von dem Raume auf uns zurück, während wir hier auf Erden sind, während wir hier auf Erden wandeln zwischen Geburt und Tod. Diese Dinge gehen uns ungeheuer nahe, wenn wir sie wirklich verstehen, und sie erklären uns so manches.
Sehen Sie, ich habe mich im Leben viel mit Homer beschäftigt, aber als ich gerade im letzten Spätsommer die Aufgabe hatte, diese Verhältnisse zwischen Tod und Neugeburt zu untersuchen und auf den Standpunkt kam, daß unveränderlich bleiben die Verhältnisse von einem Tod zur nächsten Geburt, da mußte ich mir bei einer Stelle sagen: die Griechen nennen ihn den Blinden, weil er ein großer Seher war. Er sagt: das Leben nach dem Tode geschehe an dem Orte, wo es keine Veränderung gibt. Ein wunderbar treffendes Wort. Man lernt dieses Wort erst verstehen, wenn man es aus den okkulten Geheimnissen heraus tut. Und je weiter man in diesem innern Ringen vorwärtskommt, desto mehr wird es klar, daß die antiken Dichter die allergrößten Seher waren und in ihre Werke manches hineingeheimnißt haben, zu dessen Verständnis vieles notwendig ist.
Da will ich einer Sache Erwähnung tun, die mir im Frühherbst passiert ist und die recht bezeichnend ist. Ich wehrte mich anfangs dagegen, weil sie ganz überraschend ist. Aber es ist einer jener Fälle, wo die Objektivität siegt.
In Florenz gibt es ein Grabmal von Michelangelo für Lorenzo und Giuliano Medici. Da sind diese beiden Brüder abgebildet und dabei sind vier allegorische Figuren. Diese Figuren sind sehr bekannt. Aber daß da etwas nicht ganz stimmte mit dieser Gruppe, das hat sich mir gleich ergeben, als ich sie das erste Mal sah. Es war mir gleich klar, daß der, der als Giuliano beschrieben ist, der Lorenzo ist und umgekehrt. Es ist offenbar: man hat sie, da die Figuren abgenommen werden können, bei irgendeiner Gelegenheit verwechselt und das nicht beachtet. Daher beschreibt man als Giuliano den Lorenzo und umgekehrt. Aber worauf es jetzt hier ankommt, das sind die vier allegorischen Figuren.
Wenn man ausgeht von der Betrachtung der Figur der «Nacht», dieser wunderbaren «Nacht», ja, solange man bei der Meinung bleibt, man habe es mit einer Allegorie zu tun, kommt man nicht zurecht. Wenn man aber das, was man über den menschlichen Ätherleib weiß, in seiner vollen Tätigkeit sich so vorstellt, daß man fragt: Wenn der Astralleib und das Ich frei sind und der Ätherleib die ihm am allermeisten entsprechende Geste suchen würde, was würde für eine Geste herauskommen? -, so erhält man die Antwort: Eine solche Geste würde da herauskommen, wie Michelangelo sie der «Nacht» gegeben hat. - Wirklich, diese Nacht ist so gebildet, daß sie den wunderbarsten Ausdruck gibt für den freien, unabhängigen Ätherleib, der sich in der Physiognomie des physischen Leibes ausdrückt, wenn Astralleib und Ich außerhalb sind. Diese Figur ist nicht eine Allegorie, sondern tatsächlich der Mensch, geschildert im Zusammenhang mit physischem und Ätherleib, wenn Astralleib und Ich heraus sind. Da versteht man die Figur in dieser Haltung, die der historisch treueste Ausdruck des Ätherleibes in seiner Lebendigkeit ist.
Und wenn man davon ausgeht, dann bekommt man in der « Tag»Figur das groteske Urteil: Wenn das Ich am stärksten tätig ist, wenn es am wenigsten vom Astral-, Äther- und physischen Leibe beeinflußt ist, kommt diese eigentümliche Wendung, diese Geste heraus, die Michelangelo der «Tag»-Figur gegeben hat. Wenn der Astralleib für sich tätig ist, ohne von physischem, Ätherleib und Ich abhängig zu sein, dann kommt die Geste der «Morgen»-Figur heraus, und für den physischen Leib, der unabhängig von den andern drei Gliedern sich betätigt, kommt die Geste der «Abenddämmerung» heraus.
Ich sträubte mich lange gegen diese Erkenntnis, ich hielt sie im Anfang für toll; aber je mehr man darauf eingeht, desto mehr zwingt einen das, was man sieht in dieser in die Steine hineingegossenen Schrift, zur Erkenntnis dieser Wahrheit. Nicht als ob Michelangelo dies gewußt hätte; aber in sein intuitives Schaffen drang es herein. Da versteht man auch, was die Legende bedeutet, die erzählt, daß, wenn Michelangelo allein in seiner Werkstatt war, die Figur der «Nacht» Leben bekam, so daß sie herumging. Es ist eben eine besondere Illustration zu der Tatsache, daß man es mit dem Ätherleib zu tun hat. Überall herein wirkt das Spirituelle, sowohl in der Menschheitsentwickelung als auch in der Kunst und so fort. Man lernt das Sinnliche wirklich erst verstehen, wenn man die Art versteht, wie das Spirituelle in die sinnliche Wirklichkeit hereinwirkt.
Es gibt einen Ausspruch von Kant, der sehr schön ist. Kant sagt: Zwei Dinge sind es, die ganz besonderen Eindruck auf mich gemacht haben: der bestirnte Himmel über mir und das moralische Gesetz in mir. — Es macht ganz besonderen Eindruck, wenn man nun darauf kommt, daß beides dasselbe ist. Denn zwischen Tod und Geburt sind wir ausgegossen über den Sternenraum und nehmen seine Kräfte in uns herein, und wenn wir im physischen Leibe sind, dann sind diese Kräfte, die wir aufgenommen haben, in uns als unsere moralischen Impulse wirksam. Wenn wir da stehen und den Sternenhimmel betrachten, können wir sagen: Was da draußen an Kräften lebt und webt im Weltenraum, darin leben und weben wir in der Zeit zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt. Und das ist jetzt das richtunggebende Gesetz unseres moralischen Lebens. So sind der Sternenhimmel draußen und das moralische Gesetz in uns ein und dieselbe Wirklichkeit, nur zwei Seiten dieser Wirklichkeit. Den gestirnten Himmel durchleben wir zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt, das moralische Gesetz zwischen Geburt und Tod.
Wenn wir dies erfassen, dann wird Geisteswissenschaft unmittelbar zur Andacht, wie zu einem gewaltigen Gebet; denn was ist ein Gebet anderes als dasjenige, was unsere Seele mit dem GöttlichGeistigen, das die Welt durchwebt, verbindet.
Dieses Gebet ist das, was ein Gebet heute sein kann. Wir müssen es uns erobern, indem wir die Sinnenwelt durchleben. Indem wir dieses bewußt anstreben, wird ganz von selbst das, was wir wissen können, zu einem Gebet. Da wird spirituelle Erkenntnis unmittelbar Gefühl und Erlebnis und Empfindung. Und das soll sie werden. Dann mag sie noch so sehr mit Begriffen und Ideen arbeiten: Ideen und Begriffe werden zuletzt gebetsartige reine Empfindungen, reines Fühlen. Das aber ist es, was unsere Zeit braucht. Unsere Zeit braucht das unmittelbare Herausleben aus der Betrachtung zum Erleben des Kosmos, da wo die Betrachtung selber wie ein Gebet wird. Während die Betrachtung der äußeren physischen Welt immer trockener, immer gelehrtenhafter wird, immer abstrakter wird, wird die Betrachtung des geistigen Lebens immer herzlicher gestimmt, immer tiefer, wird geradezu immer gebetartiger, und das nicht durch eine einseitige Sentimentalität, sondern durch ihre eigene Natur. Dann wird der Mensch nicht bloß aus abstrakten Ideen heraus wissen, er habe das Göttliche, was den Weltenraum durchwebt und durchlebt, in sich; sondern er wird wissen, indem er weiterschreitet in der Erkenntnis, daß er es wirklich erlebt hat in dem Leben zwischen dem letzten Tod und der neuen Geburt. Er wird wissen: was er da durchlebt hat, das hat er jetzt in sich als die Reichtümer seines Lebens.
Das sind solche Betrachtungen, die gerade zusammenhängen mit erst neuerdings gemachten Forschungen, die uns aber unsere eigene Entwickelung verständlich machen können. Dann wird sich Geisteswissenschaft einmal zu einem wirklich geistig-spirituellen Lebenssaft umwandeln können. Von diesen Dingen soll in Zukunft noch öfter gesprochen werden.
Some Thoughts on the Technique of Karma in Life After Death
Today, the Bern branch celebrates its first five-year anniversary, and at the same time, we are able to gather here for the first time in this space, which in its entirety is intended to provide a dignified setting for our spiritual endeavors and our spiritual work here in this place. If such settings are sought and if we are able to hold our smaller gatherings in such settings more and more, this means something in our spiritual endeavors. We know that such rooms have already been sought and are now available in several places in our field of work. And on this day, which is solemn for us in two ways, as has just been characterized, we may also commemorate the significance of such a setting with a few introductory words.
In our endeavors, we always come back to the number three in one way or another, to the holy trinity, as it is also called. And within the human soul, this holy trinity is expressed in thinking, feeling, and willing.
When we reflect on thinking, we say to ourselves: in our thinking we must be guided by objective necessities. For if we do not guide our thinking — whether it be thinking about things on the physical plane or about things in the higher worlds — by necessities, we can only err; we cannot arrive at the truth. In our will, we must also first be guided by what certain external moral principles tell us. Again, we must be guided by necessities, and we can say that, in relation to our thinking and our will, the necessities of the higher worlds extend down into the physical world.
In the true sense of the word, human beings feel free in their feelings. This is quite different from thinking and willing. In feeling and sensing, we feel most authentic, so to speak, when we feel neither the compulsion of thinking nor the compulsion of willing, but when we are devoted to what can be felt. Why is this so?
Yes, when we think, we feel that this is connected to something, that it depends on something; when we want something, we also feel that we are dependent; but when we feel, we are completely within ourselves. We live, so to speak, entirely within our soul. Why is this so? Because our feelings are ultimately a reflection of a force that lies far beyond our consciousness. We must regard thoughts as images of what they represent. We must develop our will in such a way that it expresses what our obligations are. In feeling, we can freely live what speaks to our soul, because feeling is, occultly speaking, a reflection of that which does not enter our consciousness, but lies beyond our ordinary consciousness and is directly divine-spiritual. One can say that through thinking and willing, the gods seek to educate human beings; in feeling, the gods allow us, albeit in a mysterious way, to participate in their own work, in their own creation. In feeling, it is also the case that we have something present in our own soul that the gods themselves take pleasure in.
Now, through such a framework as has been created here, we can continually accompany everything we contemplate here with a feeling that makes us, so to speak, more intimate with the spiritual worlds, quite intimate with the spiritual worlds. And this intimacy with the spiritual worlds must come to us from everything else we contemplate. Therefore, we may attach a certain value to such a setting, may increasingly live ourselves into what such a setting can be for us. In such a setting, we look in all directions and feel, let us say, the power of light and colors, which become revelations to us of what is in the spiritual world. Certainly, what we have to say can also be understood in the trivial, terrible spaces that are already everywhere in the present; but our soul can only become warm, truly warm, in spiritual contemplation if we have such surroundings. The fact that we are able to enjoy such surroundings here in Bern after the first five years of our work can be described as good karma, which accompanies and blesses our work. And so, on every occasion such as this double celebration today, let us remember the significance of what spiritual science and spiritual knowledge can and should be for people of the modern age.
Now, what we actually want to consider today will relate to many things that have already been discussed frequently; but we want to discuss what is already known from a new point of view, because the spiritual worlds can only become completely understandable to us if we really consider them from the most diverse points of view. Life between death and a new birth has been described in the most varied ways. Today we want to look at it in such a way that we can take into account many of the things I have been studying recently in the field of spiritual research.
We know that immediately after passing through the gate of death, we go through what is called Kamaloka, that is, the time when we are still closely connected with our feelings, our emotions, and all the soul life of our last earthly incarnation. Gradually we free ourselves from this connection. We no longer have a physical body after we have passed through the gate of death. But even though we have shed our physical and etheric bodies, our astral body retains all the characteristics it had here on earth; and these characteristics, which the astral body has because it has been active in a physical body, it must shed. This takes a certain amount of time, and that is the Kamaloka period. After this Kamaloka period, it experiences what we have called the spiritual world or Devachan. In our writings, we have characterized this more, one might say, according to what the human being experiences through the various elements that spread out around him. Let us now look at the time between death and rebirth from another angle. First, let us characterize this in general terms.
When a person passes through the gate of death, they experience the following: While we are here on Earth, we can say that we are enclosed in a certain place, namely our skin, and outside is space with other things and beings. But this is not the case after death; after death, we first expand with our entire being, and we become greater and greater in our feelings. This feeling: I am in my skin, and out there is space with things — this is an experience we do not have after death. After death, we are inside things and entities, we expand over the space that is available to us. During the Kamaloka period, we expand continuously, and when the Kamaloka period is over, we are as large as the space within the moon's orbit. So we actually grow, we expand beyond space. Being in space, existing in space, has a completely different meaning after death than it does here in physical life. In fact, in a certain sense, during the Kamaloka period we are in the space that the moon orbits. Every single soul is there, so that all the souls that are in Kamaloka at the same time fill the space bounded by the moon's orbit. They are all intertwined. And yet this intertwining is by no means a being together, but rather a feeling of being together, of being with one another, which depends on something completely different than filling a shared space. Two souls can be in the same space after death and yet be infinitely far apart, meaning that their experience is such that they need to know nothing about each other, while other souls are also in the same space but feel familiar, feel together, experience each other. Everything depends on inner relationships, not on external spatial connections.
And in the next ages, when Kamaloka comes to an end, human beings will settle into even larger spaces. They will continue to expand. When human beings have expanded so far that Kamaloka comes to an end and they are, so to speak, spread out over a heavenly space so large that the moon's orbit would limit it, then within this expanded space, which man has to traverse after death during the Kamaloka period, there remains — as if stripped away by man — everything that man has ever done during his earthly life that expresses his true inclination toward earthly life, his longing, his passion for earthly life. Man must go through all this, but he must also leave it behind in the lunar sphere or in Kamaloka. So when man continues to live after death and later remembers this lunar sphere, he will find inscribed there everything he had here in terms of sensual affections and passions, everything that unfolded in his soul life and made him feel attracted to physicality. He leaves all this behind in the lunar sphere. It remains there; human beings cannot erase it so quickly. Human beings also take it with them as a force, but it remains inscribed in the lunar sphere. So that, so to speak, our debt account, the debt account of every human being, remains inscribed in the lunar sphere.
Then we expand further. As we expand further, we come to a second region, which occultism calls the Mercury sphere. It is not possible here to go into more detail about a drawing of this, but let us first consider these things without a drawing. The Mercury sphere is a sphere that is larger than the moon sphere. If we want to live in this sphere after death, we do so as human beings in various ways. One human being — this can be examined precisely with the appropriate means of spiritual science — one human being who was immoral or morally low-minded lives in this Mercury sphere in a completely different way than a human being who is morally minded. The former cannot find in this Mercury sphere, that is, in the time that comes after the Kamaloka period, in the way we have described earlier, those people who left the physical plane with him or before him or soon after him and are also in the spiritual world. So he lives in the spiritual world in such a way that he cannot find those who were dear to him, those with whom he would like to be. He becomes a hermit of the spiritual world, of the Mercury sphere, the immorally minded person here on earth. The morally minded person, however, becomes what can be called a sociable being. There he finds above all those people who were close to him on earth as soul beings.
It depends on whether we are together with someone; not on space, because we all fill the same space, but on how we are disposed. We become hermits even though we fill the same space as others, and we remain hermits because we cannot find the way to others even though we are in the same space. We become hermits when we bring immoral attitudes into it; we become sociable beings when we bring moral attitudes into it. In Kamaloka, in the lunar sphere, we find other difficulties in relation to sociability; but in general, one can imagine that even there, depending on the nature of their soul, human beings can become hermits or sociable beings. Those who were pronounced egoists on earth, who actually knew only the satisfaction of their desires and passions, will not easily find beings in the moon sphere who were close to them on earth. However, people who were passionate, even if only sensually passionate, and loved something outside themselves, will not be completely lonely beings in the Kamaloka period, but will find other beings who were close to them. But in general, it is not possible in these two spheres to find other human beings other than those who were already close to us on Earth. The others remain unknown to us. So the condition, so to speak, for us to come together with other human beings is that we were together with them on earth. Whether we come together depends on our morality. But even moral aspirations cannot take us much beyond the realm that leads to those human beings who were close to us on earth. The relationships with these people whom we meet after death have the peculiar characteristic that they cannot be changed after death.
We must imagine it like this: here in life, we always have the opportunity to change our living conditions and relationships. Let us assume that we have not loved a person as much as they deserved for a certain period of time. The moment we realize this, the moment we come to our senses, we can allow true love to enter if we are strong enough. We do not have this possibility after death. If, after death, we encounter a person whom we treated with too little love or unjustified love on earth, we see this, and we perceive things much more clearly than here on earth, but we cannot change anything. It must remain as it is. This is precisely what is peculiar about life relationships: they have a certain constancy. Because they become something lasting, a force develops in our soul through which karma is ordered. So if we have loved a person too little for fifteen years, we realize this, and while we are living through it, we develop the power to do things differently when we are reincarnated on earth; in this way we develop the power and the will for karmic compensation. That is the technique of karma. Above all, we must be clear about one thing. In the first period after death, that is, during the lunar and Mercury periods, and also during the next period, which will be described shortly, we live in the spiritual world in such a way that our life depends on the way we lived here on Earth, in the physical world; but not only our consciousness as we have it on Earth is taken into account, but also our subconsciousness is taken into account. Just as we live here on earth normally, in the waking state, so we live in our ego. Below our ego consciousness is the astral consciousness, the subconsciousness. And this sometimes has a completely different effect on earth, without the human being knowing it, than the superconsciousness, the ego consciousness.
Let us take the most obvious example. Two people live here in the best of friendships. It often happens that one of them develops a certain appreciation for spiritual science, while the other, who lives with him, who was previously indifferent to spiritual science, now develops a particular hatred for it. This hatred does not have to be in the whole soul; it may well be that it is only in the ego consciousness, not in the astral consciousness. In the astral consciousness, the person who talks himself more and more into furious hatred may actually love and long for the other person without knowing it. This is entirely possible. Such contradictions exist in human nature. If one examines one's astral consciousness, one's subconscious, one may find that there lies hidden a sympathy for the very thing that one hates in one's conscious mind. This becomes particularly significant after death, for after death the human being becomes true to himself in this respect. Someone who has convinced himself here on earth that he hates spiritual science, but loves it in his subconscious, and who has rejected everything connected with it throughout his life, often has the most ardent love for this spiritual science. This can mean deep pain in his Kamaloka life, because he knows nothing and therefore has no thoughts of remembrance. For in the first period after death, one lives primarily on memories. So that after death, human beings do not depend solely on what torments them or what gives them pleasure, on what lives in their ego-consciousness, but they also depend on what has developed in their subconscious. In this respect, human beings are entirely true to themselves.
And here we have one of the points where we can see how spiritual science, when properly understood, is truly called upon to intervene fruitfully in the whole of human life. You see, the human being who has passed through the gate of death cannot change anything in his relationships with the beings around him, nor can the others around him. There is immutability in the circumstances. But where change can still occur is in the realm of relationships between the deceased and the living. The living who are still here on the physical plane are, so to speak, if they have been connected in some way, that is, both they and the deceased have been here, the living are the only ones who can alleviate the pain, who can calm the torment of those who have passed through the gate of death. And in a large number of cases, what can be called reading aloud to the dead has proven fruitful. It has really proven itself: someone has died; here in life, for some reason, for the reason that has been mentioned or for other reasons, they did not concern themselves with spiritual science. Those who remain behind can know from spiritual science that the deceased may have had a burning interest in spiritual science. If those left behind now go through thoughts inwardly with him, as if the deceased were standing opposite them, with the thought that the deceased is standing before them, this is a great benefit for the deceased. We can actually read aloud to the dead. This bridges, so to speak, the gap that exists between the living and the dead. Consider how, when the two worlds that are so divided by the materialistic attitude of human beings — the physical world and the spiritual world that human beings pass through between death and rebirth — are brought together, this has a direct impact on life! When spiritual science does not remain theory but becomes an immediate impulse in life, that is, what spiritual science is supposed to be, then there is no separation, but immediate communication. Reading aloud to the dead is one of the cases in which we can enter into direct relationship with the dead, in which we can help them. Those who have shunned spiritual science will always remain in torment, longing for it, if we do not help them here. But we can also help them from here, if they have such a longing at all. In this way, the living can help the dead.
In a certain sense, it is also possible for the dead to become audible to the living, even though the living today do little to connect with the dead. But then spiritual science will intervene directly in human life and become a real elixir of life. If we want to understand how the dead can influence the living, we must perhaps start from the following consideration.
What does man actually know about the world? We know extremely little when we observe things here on the physical plane in a mere waking state. Man knows what is happening before his senses and what he can make of it with his intellect. He knows nothing else. Most of the time, he believes that nothing else can happen except what he can observe through his physical senses. But there is a great deal that does not happen and yet is extremely significant. What does that mean?
Let us assume that we are accustomed to going to work every day at eight o'clock in the morning. But one day we are five minutes late. Nothing happens except that we arrive five minutes late. But on closer consideration, taking all circumstances into account, we might discover that on that very day, if we had left at the right time, we would have been run over; that is, if we had left at the right time, we would no longer be alive. Or, what is also possible, what happened, that someone was prevented by a friend from taking a trip on the Titanic. He can say: If he had gone then, he would have perished! That this was karmically predetermined is another matter. But think for a moment, if you look at life in this way, how much you know about life. If nothing that could have happened did happen, you simply do not know it. People do not consider the infinite possibilities that exist in the world of realities. You may say: That is certainly not significant! It is not significant for external circumstances; what is more significant is that we did not come to ruin. But I would like to point out that we could have known: there was a high probability that we could have come to ruin if, for example, we had not missed a train affected by a disaster. One could list all kinds of cases, but they always occur in small ways. Certainly, for the external course of events, we only need to know what we can observe. But let us suppose that we know exactly that something could have happened if we had not missed the train. Then such an experience makes an impression on our mind, and we say: How was I saved in such a strange way by a benevolent fate! Think of all these things that are potentially available to human beings. How infinitely richer would the life of the soul be—and how rich would it be if human beings could know all this, whereas now they can only contemplate the poor life of what has happened—if they could know everything that plays into life without actually happening.
It is like when you look at a field of grain and see the ears of wheat, the many grains of wheat, of which only a relatively small number will be sown again, while countless others will not grow into new stalks with ears, but will go a different way. What is possible for us is to what actually happens as the many grains of wheat that do not become ears of wheat are to those that do. This is how it is in reality, for what is possible in life is immensely rich. And those moments when particularly important things happen to us in the world of possibilities are the favorable moments when the dead can come close to us. Let us suppose that someone leaves five minutes early and is thus saved from dying at the moment when he would have been struck by misfortune or by something joyful that we have thus missed. It is at this moment that what the dead themselves communicate to us can blow into our lives like a dream image. But human beings live coarsely. They are concerned only with the coarse aspects of life, not with the subtleties that play into and proceed within this life. In this respect, spiritual science refines our feelings and perceptions. Then we will feel those who are dead reaching into our lives, and we will have a connection with them. The gap between the living and the dead will be bridged by spiritual science, which will truly become an elixir of life.
The next sphere, that is, the next period after death, is the so-called Venus sphere. In this Venus sphere, we become hermits if we were irreligious here. We become sociable beings through the religious mood we bring with us. Depending on our ability to feel our devotion to the Holy Spirit here in the physical world, we will find all those who have the same attitude toward the Spirit-Divine. In this Venus sphere, people are grouped according to their religious and worldview affiliations. Here on Earth, both religious striving and religious experience are still decisive factors. In the Venus sphere, the grouping is solely according to religious and worldview affiliations. Those who have the same worldview are in large, powerful communities in the Venus sphere; they are not hermits. Hermits are those who cannot develop any religious feelings or impulses at all. So those whom we call monists or materialists in our time will not become sociable beings, but lonely ones; each will spend their time in the Venus sphere as if in their own cage, and a union of monists is completely impossible in this sphere because the monistic creed condemns human beings to loneliness. It is a fact, not just a figment of the imagination, that everyone is locked in their own cage. This is to educate the soul for reality in contrast to the fantasy of monism that it has acquired here. All in all, one can say that we can come together with those who share our worldview and beliefs. Other beliefs in the Venus sphere are difficult for us to understand.
Then comes the Sun sphere. That is the next stage. In the Sun sphere, the only thing that can help us is that which balances out the different beliefs, that which can build a bridge from one religious belief to another. Well, when it comes to building bridges between different beliefs, people have their own views and find it difficult to understand how it is possible to truly understand those who think and feel differently. In theory, this understanding has been called for many times, but when it comes to putting it into practice, things are quite different.
Then one may find that some who belong to the Hindu religion speak of the common essence of all religions, but by common essence they mean only what is contained in the Hindu or Buddhist religion. The professed followers speak of the Hindu and Buddhist religions in terms of particular egoisms, and when they speak of them, they are caught up in group egoism. — One could insert here a beautiful legend of group egoism found among the Estonians.
The Estonians have a very beautiful legend about the origin of languages: God wanted to grant language to humans through fire. A great fire was lit, and through the peculiar sounds of the fire, which humans were to listen to, and through what they would hear as sounds, language was to come into being. So the deity called the peoples of the earth together so that they could learn their languages. But before the others were called, God took the Estonians aside and taught them the divine-spiritual language, that is, a higher language. Then the others came forward and were allowed to listen to the fire, and as they heard the fire burning, they learned to understand the sounds. The individual peoples whom the Estonians were particularly fond of came first, when the fire was still burning quite strongly. When the fire was already coming to an end, the Germans came, for the Estonians do not particularly love the Germans. And then one could hear from the already crackling fire: “Deitsch, peitsch, deitsch, peitsch.” Then came the Lapps, whom the Estonians do not like at all, and all you could hear was: “Lappen latschen.” And since the fire was now only ashes, the Lapps spoke in the worst language possible, because the Estonians were mortal enemies of the Lapps. — So you can see how the Estonians express all their group egoism.Most peoples are similar when they talk about wanting to penetrate to the core of their being in the various religious communities. And it must indeed be said that in this respect Christianity is fundamentally different from other faiths. If, for example, it were the same in the West as in the Hindu religion, the old Wotan would still be the ruling national god. But the West did not take a ruling god who was to be found within the West, but one who is to be found outside it. This is an essential difference from Hinduism and Buddhism. Thus, in many respects, Western Christianity is not permeated by religious egoism; it is much more selfless in religious matters than the Eastern religions. Therefore, the correct understanding and feeling of the Christ impulse is also what brings people into a right relationship with their fellow human beings, regardless of their inner life of faith.
In the solar sphere between death and new birth, it is truly necessary to understand what enables us to enter into a relationship not only with people of the same confession, but with all people, because Christianity, when we understand it in this broad sense and consider it in connection with the Old Testament religion, never teaches one-sidedness. Attention has been drawn to something that is extremely important and necessary to recognize: you will remember that one of the most beautiful words in the New Testament, spoken by Christ, recalls the Old Testament: “You are gods.” Christ points out to human beings that a divine core lives within every human being, a God: you are all gods. You are like gods. — It is a high teaching of Christ to point out to human beings their divine nature, that they can be like God. You can be like God—a wonderful, great, and deeply moving teaching of Christ! Another being has spoken the same words, and it is part of the Christian creed that another being has said the same thing. Lucifer, at the beginning of the Old Testament, approached man, and the temptation consists in his taking his starting point from the words: “You will be like God.” Lucifer says the same words at the beginning of the temptation in Paradise, and again Christ Jesus says the very same words! Here we touch upon one of the deepest, most significant points of the Christ confession, the point where it is pointed out, as it were, that it is not merely the content of any words that matters, but that it matters which being in the world context utters any word. That is why it had to be shown in the last Mystery Play: Lucifer can say the same sentences, and they mean something completely different than when Ahriman says them, and something else again when Christ says them. Here we touch upon a profound mystery of world existence, and it is important that we gain an understanding of what is meant by the words “You are gods” and “You will be like God,” spoken once by Christ and once by Lucifer.
We must take into account that between death and rebirth we will live in the solar sphere, where we will need a thorough understanding of the Christ impulse. We must bring this with us from Earth, for Christ was once on the sun, but, as we have heard, he came down from the sun and is now united with the Earth. We must therefore carry him up to the solar era, and then we can be social beings with the Christ impulse and understand him in the solar sphere.
But we must learn to distinguish between Christ and Lucifer, and we can only learn this through anthroposophy. For what we bring with us from the earth in our understanding of Christ does indeed lead us up to the sun and is, so to speak, a guide from human soul to human soul within the solar sphere, without distinction of faith or creed; but we encounter another being in the solar sphere who speaks the same words, which basically have the same content: this being is Lucifer. And we must have acquired this understanding of the difference between Christ and Lucifer, for Lucifer must now accompany us through the further spheres between death and new birth.
You see, we thus pass through a moon, Mercury, Venus, and sun sphere. In each of these spheres, we first attain what we have brought with us in terms of inner strength. In the lunar sphere, the affects: instincts, passions, sensual love connect us with this sphere. In the Mercury sphere, we are confronted with all our moral imperfections; in the Venus sphere, with our religious imperfections; and in the solar sphere, with what separates us from everything that is “human.”
Now we move on to the other spheres, known to occultists as the Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn spheres. There, Lucifer is our guide, and we enter a world that enriches us with new powers. Just as we have the Earth beneath us here, we have the cosmos within the Sun beneath us there. We grow into the divine-spiritual worlds, and as we grow into these divine-spiritual worlds, we must keep in mind what we have brought with us from the Christ impulse. We can only acquire this on earth, and the more we have acquired it, the further we can carry it out into the cosmos. Then Lucifer approaches us. He leads us into the world we must go out into so that we may be prepared for a new incarnation. And what we cannot do without, so that Lucifer does not become dangerous to us, is the understanding of the Christ impulse, what we heard from Christ during our time on earth. Lucifer already approaches us in the time between death and birth, but we must have taken in Christ during our time on earth. Then we grow into the other spheres that are outside the sun. We become greater and greater, so to speak, with the sun beneath us and the whole great, mighty starry sky above us. We grow into the great world space, into the cosmos, up to certain limits. And as we grow outwards, the cosmic forces from all the stars work upon us. We absorb the forces from the whole mighty starry world into our powerfully expanded being.
We reach a boundary. Then we contract again and re-enter what we have passed through. We pass through the spheres of the sun, Venus, Mercury, and the moon until we come close to the earth again, and until what was carried out into the universe contracts again into a seed that forms a new human being in a human mother. This happens again when the human being has expanded into the distant realms of space and has taken in the cosmic forces there.
This is the secret of human existence after death, between death and new birth. After passing through the gate of death, human beings have grown larger and larger, starting from the small space of the Earth, and have grown out into the spheres of the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. There we have grown out into the universe; we become, as it were, a giant sphere as spiritual beings. Then, after we have absorbed the forces of the universe and the stars as souls, we draw ourselves together again, and then we have the forces of the starry world within us. This provides us with an explanation from spiritual research for the fact that an imprint of the entire starry sky can be found in our compressed brain mass. In fact, our brain holds a meaningful secret.
And there is another secret here: human beings have contracted themselves, incarnated themselves in a physical body, into which they came through a pair of parents. This is how far human beings have come, for while they were expanding in the world space, they inscribed everything that was their characteristics. When we stand on Earth and look up at the starry sky, there are not just stars, but our characteristics from previous incarnations. For example, if we were ambitious in previous incarnations, this ambition is written in the starry world. It is written in the Akashic Records, and when you stand at a certain point here on Earth, that ambition comes to you with the relevant planet in this or that position; it exerts its influence. And that is their moral, that astrologers do not merely see stars and the effects of stars, but that they say: There is your vanity, your ambition, your immorality, your laziness; and now something that you have inscribed in the stars is working back down from the starry world in a certain way and determining your fate. That is why we write what is in our souls into the great space, and there it works back on us from the space while we are here on earth, while we walk here on earth between birth and death. These things are immensely close to us when we really understand them, and they explain many things to us.
You see, I have studied Homer a great deal in my life, but when I had the task of investigating these relationships between death and rebirth last late summer and came to the conclusion that the relationships between one death and the next birth remain unchanged, I had to say to myself at one point: the Greeks call him blind because he was a great seer. He says: life after death happens in a place where there is no change. A wonderfully apt phrase. You can only understand this phrase when you do so from the occult mysteries. And the further one progresses in this inner struggle, the clearer it becomes that the ancient poets were the greatest seers and that they concealed many things in their works, the understanding of which requires much effort.
I would like to mention something that happened to me in early autumn and which is quite significant. I resisted mentioning it at first because it is quite surprising. But it is one of those cases where objectivity prevails.
In Florence, there is a tomb by Michelangelo for Lorenzo and Giuliano Medici. It depicts these two brothers accompanied by four allegorical figures. These figures are very well known. But something about this group struck me as odd when I first saw it. It was immediately clear to me that the figure described as Giuliano is Lorenzo and vice versa. It is obvious that, since the figures can be removed, they were mixed up at some point and no one noticed. That is why Lorenzo is described as Giuliano and vice versa. But what is important here are the four allegorical figures.
If one starts from the observation of the figure of “Night,” this wonderful “Night,” yes, as long as one remains of the opinion that one is dealing with an allegory, one cannot make headway. But if you imagine what you know about the human etheric body in its full activity, so that you ask: If the astral body and the ego are free and the etheric body were to seek the gesture that corresponds to it most, what kind of gesture would result? The answer is: a gesture like the one Michelangelo gave to “Night.” Truly, this night is so formed that it gives the most wonderful expression to the free, independent etheric body, which expresses itself in the physiognomy of the physical body when the astral body and the I are outside. This figure is not an allegory, but actually the human being, depicted in connection with the physical and etheric bodies when the astral body and the I are outside. Then one understands the figure in this posture, which is the most historically accurate expression of the etheric body in its liveliness.
And if one starts from this point, one arrives at the grotesque conclusion in the “Day” figure: when the ego is most active, when it is least influenced by the astral, etheric, and physical bodies, this peculiar turn, this gesture that Michelangelo gave to the “Day” figure, emerges. When the astral body is active on its own, without being dependent on the physical, etheric, and I-body, the gesture of the “Morning” figure emerges, and for the physical body, which acts independently of the other three members, the gesture of “Evening Twilight” emerges.
I resisted this insight for a long time; at first I thought it was crazy, but the more you think about it, the more what you see in this writing cast in stone forces you to recognize this truth. Not that Michelangelo knew this, but it penetrated his intuitive creativity. This also explains the legend that when Michelangelo was alone in his workshop, the figure of “Night” came to life and walked around. It is a special illustration of the fact that we are dealing with the etheric body. The spiritual influences everything, both in human development and in art, and so on. One only really learns to understand the sensual when one understands the way in which the spiritual influences sensual reality.
There is a very beautiful saying by Kant. Kant says: Two things have made a very deep impression on me: the starry sky above me and the moral law within me. It makes a very special impression when one realizes that both are the same. For between death and birth we are poured out into the starry space and take its forces into ourselves, and when we are in the physical body, these forces that we have absorbed are effective in us as our moral impulses. When we stand there and look at the starry sky, we can say: What lives and weaves out there in the space of the world, we live and weave in the time between death and new birth. And that is now the guiding law of our moral life. Thus, the starry sky outside and the moral law within us are one and the same reality, only two sides of this reality. We live through the starry sky between death and new birth, and the moral law between birth and death.
When we grasp this, spiritual science immediately becomes contemplation, like a powerful prayer; for what is a prayer other than that which connects our soul with the divine-spiritual that permeates the world?
This prayer is what prayer can be today. We must conquer it by living through the sensory world. By consciously striving for this, what we can know becomes a prayer all by itself. Spiritual knowledge becomes immediate feeling, experience, and sensation. And that is what it should become. Then, no matter how much it works with concepts and ideas, ideas and concepts ultimately become prayer-like pure sensations, pure feeling. But that is what our time needs. Our time needs to live directly from contemplation to experience of the cosmos, where contemplation itself becomes like prayer. While the contemplation of the external physical world becomes increasingly dry, increasingly scholarly, increasingly abstract, the contemplation of spiritual life becomes increasingly heartfelt, increasingly profound, increasingly prayer-like, not through one-sided sentimentality, but through its very nature. Then human beings will not merely know from abstract ideas that they have within themselves the divine that permeates and animates the universe; but they will know, as they progress in their knowledge, that they have truly experienced it in the life between their last death and their new birth. They will know that what they have experienced there, they now have within themselves as the riches of their life.
These are considerations that are closely related to recent research, but which can help us understand our own development. Then spiritual science will one day be able to transform itself into a truly spiritual lifeblood. These things will be discussed more often in the future.