Jeshu ben Pandira
GA 130
5 November 1911, Leipzig
Lecture II
Since we spoke yesterday of the differentiation of the soul life of the human being into three parts—the realm of concepts, or of thought, the realm of emotions, and the realm of will impulses—it should be interesting to us now to raise the question: How can self-discipline, the nurture of the soul life, take hold in order to work in the appropriate way through one's own activity on the right development and cultivation of these three parts of the soul life? Here we shall begin with our life of will, of our will impulses, and shall ask ourselves: What characteristics must we cultivate very specially if we wish to work in a beneficial way on our will life?
Most beneficial of all in our will nature is the influence of a life directed in its entire character toward a comprehension of karma. We might also say a life of the soul which strives to develop, as its primary characteristic, serenity and acceptance of our destiny. And how could one better acquire for oneself this acceptance, this calmness of soul in the presence of one's destiny, than by making of karma an actual content in one's life?
What is the meaning of making karma a real content of life? This means that—not merely as a theory but in a living way—when our own sorrow or the sorrow of another comes to us, when we experience joy or the heaviest blow of fate, we shall really be fully aware that, in a certain higher sense, we ourselves have given the occasion for this painful blow of fate; that is, the development of such a mood as to accept an experience of joy with gratitude, but also to be clearly aware, especially in regard to joy, that we must not go to excess, since it is perilous in a certain way to go to excess in connection with joy. If we desire to move upward in our development, we can conceive joy in the following way. For the most part, joy is something which points to a future destiny, not to one already past. In human life joy is for the most part something one has not deserved through previous actions. When we investigate karma by occult means, we always discover that in most cases the joy one experiences has not been merited, and that the manner in which we should view an experience of joy is to accept it gratefully as sent to us by the Gods, as a gift of the Gods, and to say to ourselves: The joy which comes to meet us today ought to kindle in us the will to work in such a way as to take into ourselves the forces streaming to us through this joy, and to apply these usefully. We must look upon joy as a sort of prepayment on account for the future.
In the case of pain, on the contrary, our actions have generally been such that we have merited this, that we always find the reason in the course of our present life or in earlier lives. And we must then realize with the utmost clarity that we have often failed to conduct ourselves in our external life in accordance with this karmic mood. We are not able so to conduct ourselves always in external life in the presence of what causes us pain that our conduct shall seem to be an acceptance of our destiny. We do not generally have an insight into such a thing at once—into the law of destiny. But, even though we are not able to conduct ourselves outwardly in such a way, yet the principal thing is that we shall do this inwardly.
And even if we have conducted ourselves outwardly in accordance with this karmic mood, yet we should say to ourselves in the depths of our souls that we ourselves have been the cause of all such things. Suppose, for instance, that some one strikes us, that he beats us with a stick. In such a case it is generally characteristic for a person to ask: "Who is it that strikes me?" No one says in such a case: "It is I that beat myself." Only in the rarest cases do people say that they punish themselves. And yet it is true that we ourselves lifted the stick against another person in days gone by. Yes, it is you yourself who then raised the stick. When we have to get rid of a hindrance, this is karma. It is karma when others hold something against us. It is we ourselves who cause something to happen to us as recompense for something we have done. And thus do we come to a right attitude toward our life, to a broadening of our self, when we say: "Everything that befalls us comes from ourselves. Our own action is fulfilled outwardly even when it seems as if some one else performed it."
If we develop such a way of viewing things, then our serenity, our acceptance of our karma in all occurrences, fortifies our will. We grow stronger in facing life through serenity, never weaker. Through anger and impatience do we become weak? In the face of every occurrence we are strong when we are serene. On the contrary, we become continually weaker in will through moroseness and an unnatural rebellion against destiny.
Of course, we must view within a broad circumference that which we consider as destiny. We must conceive this destiny of ours in such a way that we say to ourselves, for instance, that the development of precisely one power or another at a certain period of one's life pertains also to a person's karma. And mistakes are often made just here in the education of children. Here karma comes into contact with the problem of education, for education is destiny, the karma of the human being in youth.
We weaken the will of a person when we expect him to learn something, to do something, for which his capacities are not yet adequate. In the matter of education one must have come to see clearly in advance what is suitable for each stage of life in accordance with the universal karma of humanity, so that the right thing may be done. Doing the wrong thing is raising a rebellion against destiny, against these laws, and is associated with enormous weakening of the will. It is not possible to discuss here how a weakening of the will is associated with all premature awakening of the sensual appetites and passions. It is the prematurely awakened appetites, instincts and passions which are especially subject to this law. For making use prematurely of such instrumentalities as those of the bodily organs is contrary to destiny. All that is directly against the karma of humanity, all actions opposing the existing arrangements of nature, are associated with a weakening of the will.
Since people have been for a long time without any true fundamental principles of education, there are many persons in the present population of the world who did not pass through their youth in the right way. If humanity does not determine to direct what is most important of all, the education of youth, according to spiritual-science, there will arise a race with ever weaker wills—and this not in a merely external sense. This takes a deep hold in the life of the human being. Ask a number of persons how they came into their present occupations. You may be sure that most of them will answer: "Well, we don't know; we have in some way been pushed into the situation." This feeling that one has been pushed into something, has been driven into it, this feeling of discontent, is also a sign of weakness of will.
Now, when this weakness of will is brought about in the manner described, still other results follow from this for the human soul, especially when the weakness of will is evoked in such a way that states of anxiety, of fear, of despair are produced at a youthful age. It will be increasingly necessary that human beings shall possess a fundamental understanding of the higher laws in order to overcome states of despair, for it is precisely the mood of despair which is to be expected when we do not proceed in accordance with the knowledge of the spirit.
By means of a monistic and materialistic world view it is possible to maintain only two generations of persons with strong wills. Materialism can satisfy just two generations: the one that founded the conception and the pupils who have received it from the founders. This is the peculiarity of the monistic and materialistic world view: that the one who works in the laboratory or the workshop and who founded the view, whose powers are fully occupied and activated by what he is building up in his mind,—that he experiences an inner satisfaction. But one who merely associates himself with these theories, who takes over a materialism ready-made, will not be able to attain to this inner satisfaction; and then the despair will work back upon the culture of the will, and evoke weakness of will. Weakening of the will, human beings lacking energy, will be the results of this world view.
The second of the three aspects of the super-sensible life we mentioned yesterday is that of emotions. What affects the emotions in a favorable way?
If we take the utmost pains to acquire an attentive attitude of mind, a marked attentiveness for what occurs in our surroundings—and do not imagine that this attentiveness is very generally and strongly developed by people—this can be of great value to us. I must repeatedly mention a single illustration. In a certain country the order of the examinations for teachers was once altered, and for this reason all the school teachers had to stand the examinations again. The examiner had to test both old and young teachers. The young ones could be tested on the basis of what they had learned in the teachers' colleges. But how should he test the old teachers ? He decided to ask them about nothing except the subjects which they had themselves been teaching year after year in their own classes, and the result showed that very many of them had no notion of the very subjects they themselves had been teaching!
This attentiveness, this habit of following with vital interest the things that occur in one's environment, is most beneficial especially in the cultivation of the emotions.
Now, the emotions, like everything else in the soul, are connected in a certain way with the will impulses; and, when we influence our emotional life in an unfavorable way, we may thus influence indirectly the will impulses. We nurture our emotions in a favorable way when we place ourselves under the law of karma in the matter of our anger and our passions, when we hold fast to karma. And this we find in what occurs in our environment. We find it, for example, when any one does the opposite of what we had expected. We may then say to ourselves: "All right; that is simply what he is doing!" But we may also become angry and violent, and this is a sign of weakness of will.
Outbursts of violent temper hinder the development of the emotions and also the will, and have also a far more extensive influence, as we shall see at once. Now, anger is something that a person does not by any means have under his control. Only gradually can he master the habit of becoming angry. This can come about only gradually, and a person must have patience with himself. To any one who believes he can achieve this with a turn of the hand I must repeat the story of a teacher who took very much to heart the task of ridding his pupils of anger. When he was faced by the fact, after constant endeavors in this direction, that a boy still became angry, he himself became so angry that he threw the ink bottle at the child's head. A person who permits himself to do such a thing must think for many, many weeks about karma.
What this signifies will become clear to us if we take this occasion to look a little more deeply into the life of the human soul. There are the two poles in the soul life, the life of will on the one hand and that of thoughts, of conceptions, on the other. The emotions, the feelings of the heart, are in the middle. Now, we know that the life of man alternates between sleeping and waking; and, while the human being is awake, his life of thoughts and conceptions is especially active. For the fact that the will is not very wide awake can become clear to any one who observes closely how a will impulse comes about. We must first have a thought, a concept; only then does the will thrust upward from the depths of the soul. The thought evokes the will impulse. When the human being is awake, he is awake in thought, not in the will.
But occult science teaches us that, when we sleep, everything is reversed. Then the will is awake and is very active, and thought is inactive. This cannot be known by the human being in, a normal state of consciousness, for the simple reason that he knows things only by means of his thoughts and these are asleep. Thus he does not observe that his will is active. When he rises to clairvoyance and arrives at the world of imaginative representations, he then observes that the will awakes at the moment when thinking falls asleep. And the will slips into the pictures that he perceives and awakes these. The pictures are then woven out of will. Thus the thoughts are then asleep but the will is awake.
But this being awake in our will is connected with our total human nature in a manner entirely different from the connection of our thoughts. According as the person works or does not work, is well or ill, according as he develops serenity or is hot-tempered, does the will become healthy or unhealthy. And according as our will is healthy or unhealthy does it work in the night on the condition of our life, even into the physical body. Very much depends upon whether the person develops a mood of serenity during the day, acceptance of his destiny, and thus prepares his will so that this will may be said to develop a pleasant warmth, a feeling of well-being, or whether, on the other hand, he develops anger. This unhealthiness of the will streams into the body during the state of sleep at night and is the cause of numerous illnesses, whose causes are sought for but not found because the resulting physical illnesses appear only after the lapse of years or even decades. Only one who surveys great stretches of time can see in the manner indicated the connection between conditions of the soul and of the body. Even for the sake of bodily health, therefore, must the will be disciplined.
We can also influence our emotions through serenity and acceptance of our karma so that they work beneficially even upon our bodily organization. On the other hand, in no other way do we injure this organization more than through apathy, lack of interest in what is occurring around us. This apathy is spreading more and more; it is a characteristic which constitutes the final reason for the fact that so few persons take an interest in spiritual things. It may be supposed that objective reasons lead to the adoption of a materialistic view of life. There are really by no means such great objective reasons for a materialistic view of life. No, it is apathy; no one can be a materialist without being apathetic. It is a lack of attention to our surroundings. Any one who observes his environment with alert interest is confronted on all sides with that which can be harmonized only with spiritual knowledge. But apathy deadens the emotions and leads to weakness of will.
Furthermore, special significance attaches to the characteristic called obstinacy—the attitude of mind that insists inflexibly upon one thing or another. Unhealthy emotions can also bring about obstinacy. These things are often like the serpent that bites his own tail. All that we have mentioned may be caused by obstinacy. Even persons who go through life very inattentively may be very obstinate. Persons who are altogether weak-willed are often discovered to be obstinately persisting in something when we had not expected it, and the weakness of will becomes constantly more marked if we do not strive to overcome obstinacy. It is precisely in persons with weak wills that we find this quality of obstinacy. On the other hand, when we endeavor to avoid the development of obstinacy, we shall see that in every instance we have improved our emotions and strengthened our wills. Every time that we actually are goaded by an impulse to be obstinate but refuse to yield to it, we become stronger for the task of confronting life. We shall observe the fruits if we proceed systematically against this fault; through struggling to overcome obstinacy we attain to inner satisfaction. Especially does the nurturing of our emotions depend upon our struggling in every way to overcome obstinacy, apathy, lack of interest. In other words, interest and attentiveness in relation to the environment foster both the feelings of the heart and also the will. Apathy and obstinacy have the opposite effect.
For a sound emotional life, we have the fine word Sinnigkeit, [Sinnigkeit is scarcely translatable in one English word. It signifies the gift or capacity of inventive, or creative, fantasy.] Being creatively fanciful means that something of that character occurs to one. Children ought to play in such a way that the fantasy is stimulated, that the spontaneous activity of their souls is stimulated, so that they have to reflect about their play. They ought not to arrange building blocks according to patterns: this merely develops pedantry, not creative fantasy. We are developing creative fantasy when we let children do all sorts of things in sand, when we take them into the woods and let them form little baskets out of burs, and then stimulate them to make other things of burs stuck together. Things which cause a certain inventive talent to expand nourish creative fantasy. Strange as it may seem, such cultivation of creative fantasy brings serenity of soul, inner harmony, contentment into human life.
Moreover, when, we go to walk with a child, it is good to leave him free to do whatever he will, provided he does not become too badly behaved. And, when the child does anything, we should manifest our pleasure, our participation and interest; we should not be unresponsive or lacking in interest in what the child produces out of his own inner nature. Even when instructing a child, we should connect what we teach him with the forms and processes of nature. When children reach an older stage, we should not then occupy .them with riddles or puzzles taken from newspapers; this leads only to pedantry. On the contrary, the observation of nature offers us the opposite of what is afforded by the press for the cultivation of the emotional life. A serene heart, a harmonious life of feeling, determines not only the mental health but also that of the body, even though long stretches of time may intervene between cause and effect.
We come now to the third aspect of the super-sensible life, to thinking. As to this, we nurture it, make it keen, especially by the development of characteristics which seem to have nothing whatever to do with thinking, with the concepts. By no method do we develop good thinking better than by complete absorption and insight, not so much through logical exercises but by observing one thing and another, using for this purpose processes in nature, in order to penetrate into hidden mysteries.' Through absorption in problems of nature and of humanity, through the endeavor to understand complex personalities, through the intensifying of attentiveness, do we render our thinking sagacious. Absorption means striving to unravel something by thinking, by conceiving. In this connection, we shall be able to see that such absorption of the mind has a wonderfully good effect in later life.
The following example is taken from life. A little boy showed his mother remarkable aspects of his observation, which were associated with extraordinary absorption and capacity for insight. He said: "You know, when I walk on the streets and see persons and animals, it seems as if I had to enter into the persons and the animals. It happened that a poor woman met me, and I entered into her, and this was terribly painful to me, very distressing. (The child had not seen any sort of destitution at home, but lived in altogether good circumstances.) And then I entered into a horse and then into a pig." He described this in detail, and was stimulated in extraordinary degree of compassion, to special deeds of pity, through this feeling entrance into others. Whence does this come, this expansion of one's understanding for other beings? If we think the matter over in this case, we are led back into the preceding incarnation, when the person in question had cultivated the absorption in things, in the secrets of things, that we have described.
But we do not have to wait till the next incarnation for the results which follow the cultivation of absorption. These come to manifestation even in a single life. When we are induced in earliest youth to develop all of this, we shall be possessed in later life of a clear, transparent thinking, whereas otherwise we develop a scrappy, illogical thinking. It is a fact that truly spiritual principles can bring us forward in our course of life.
During recent decades there have been few truly spiritual fundamental principles of education, almost none at all. And now we are experiencing the results. There is an extraordinary amount of wrong thinking in our day. One can suffer the pains of martyrdom from the terribly illogical life of the world. Any one who has acquired a certain clairvoyance does not have in this connection simply the feeling that one thing is correct and another incorrect, but he suffers actual pain when confronted by illogical thinking, and a sense of well-being in connection with clear, transparent thinking. This signifies that he has acquired a feeling for such things, and this enables him to decide. And this is a far truer differentiation when one has actually reached this stage. This gives a far truer judgment as to truth and untruth. This seems unbelievable, but it is true. When something erroneous is said in the presence of a clairvoyant person, the pain which rises in him shows him that this is illogical, erroneous. Illogical, thinking is spread abroad in extraordinary volume; at no time has illogical thinking been so widespread as precisely in our time, in spite of the fact that people pride themselves so much on their logical thinking. Here is an example that may well seem somewhat crass, but is typical for the habit of passing through experiences without interest or thought.
I was once traveling from Rostock to Berlin. Into my compartment entered two persons, a gentleman and a lady. I sat in one corner, and wished only to observe. The gentleman was very soon behaving in a strange manner, though he was otherwise probably a well educated person. He lay down, sprang up again in five minutes; then again he groaned in a pitiable manner. Since the lady considered him ill, she was seized by pity, and very soon a conversation was in full course between them. She told him that she had clearly observed that he was ill, but she knew what it meant to be ill, for she was ill also. She said she had a basket with her in which she had everything that was curative for her. She said: "I can cure anything, for I have the remedy for everything. And just think what a misfortune has befallen me! I have come from the far interior of Russia all the way here to the Baltic Sea, in order to recuperate and to do something for my ailment, and, just as I arrive, I find that I have left at home one of my important remedies. Now I must turn back at once, and this hope also has been in vain."
The gentleman then narrated his sufferings, and she gave him a remedy for each of his illnesses, and he promised to do everything, making notes about all. I think there were eleven different prescriptions. She then began to enumerate all of her illnesses one by one; and he began to show his knowledge of what would cure them: that for one ailment she could be helped in a certain sanatorium, and for another in another sanatorium. She, in turn, wrote down all the addresses and was only afraid that the pharmacies might be closed for Sunday when she arrived in Berlin. These two persons never for one moment noticed the strange contradiction that each knew only what might help the other one, but for himself and herself knew no means of help. This experience gave these two educated persons the possibility of bathing in a sea of nonsense that streamed forth from each of them.
Such things must be clearly visualized when we demand that self-knowledge shall give insight. We must demand of self-knowledge that it shall develop coherence in thinking, but especially absorption in the matter in question. All these things work together in the soul. Such scrappy thinking has the inevitable effect, even though only after a long time, of making the person morose, sullen, hypochondriacal about everything, and frequently we do not know where the causes of this are to be found. Insufficient cultivation of absorption and insight makes one sullen, morose, hypochondriacal. What is so extremely necessary to thinking seems to have nothing to do with it. All obstinacy, all self-seeking, have a destructive effect upon thinking. All characteristics connected with obstinacy and selfishness—such as ambition, vanity,—all these things that seem to tend in a very different direction make our thinking unsound, and act unfavorably upon our mood of soul. We must seek, therefore, to overcome obstinacy, self-seeking, egoism; and cultivate, on the contrary, a certain absorption in things and a certain self-sacrificing attitude toward other beings. Absorption, a self-sacrificing attitude, in regard to the most insignificant objects and occurrences have a favorable effect upon thinking and upon one's mood. In truth, self-seeking and egoism bring their own punishment through the fact that the self-seeking person becomes more and more discontented, complains more and more that he comes off badly. When any one feels this way about himself, he ought to place himself under the law of karma and ask himself, when he is discontented: "What self-seeking has brought this discontentment upon me?"
In just this way can we describe how we may develop and how injure the three parts of the soul life, and this is extraordinarily important. We see, therefore, that spiritual-science is something which lays deep hold upon our life. It lays deep hold upon our life because a true observation of spiritual principles may lead us to self-education, and this is of the utmost importance for our life, and will become of ever increasing significance to the extent that the time in man's evolution has passed when human beings were led by the Gods from above, from the higher worlds. In ever increasing measure, men will have to do things of themselves, without being directed and led.
With regard to what the Masters have taught about our working our way upward to Christ, Who will appear even in this century on the astral plane, a greater understanding of this advance for humanity can be achieved only in this way: that the human being shall ever increasingly impart his own impulses to himself. Just as we explained to you yesterday that human beings gradually work their way upward to Christ, so must we gradually perfect in freedom our thinking, feeling, and will impulses. And this can be achieved only through self-mastery, self-observation. Just as in earlier times, in ancient clairvoyance, the impulses were given to men from above by the Gods, so will man determine his own way in later times through the new clairvoyance. It is for this reason that Anthroposophy appears precisely in our time in order that mankind may learn to develop soul characteristics in the right way. Thus does man move forward in his life to meet what the future will bring. Only in this way can we understand what must one day appear: that is, that those who are shrewd and immoral will be cast out and rendered harmless.
The characteristics mentioned are important for every human being. But they are of such a nature that they are especially important to those who are determined to strive to reach rapidly in rational ways those characteristics which are to become more and more necessary for humanity. For this reason it is the Leaders of human beings who strive to achieve this development in very special measure as regards themselves, because the highest attainments can be reached only by means of the highest attributes.
In highest degree of all is this development carried through, as an example, by that individuality who once ascended to the rank of a Bodhisattva, when the preceding Bodhisattva became a Buddha, and who has, since that time, been incarnated once in nearly every century; who lived as Jeshu ben Pandira, herald of the Christ, a hundred years before Christ. Five thousand years are needed for his ascent to the rank of a Buddha, and this Buddha will then be the Maitreya Buddha. A Bringer of the Good will he be, and this for the reason that (as can be seen by those who are sufficiently clairvoyant) he succeeds, by most intense self-discipline, in developing to the utmost those powers which cause to emanate from him such magical moral forces as enable him to impart to souls through the word itself feelings of the heart and morality. We cannot as yet develop on the physical plane any words capable of doing this. Even the Maitreya Buddha could not do this at present—could not develop such magical words. Today only thoughts can be imparted by means of words.
How is he preparing himself? By developing in the highest possible degree those qualities which are called the good qualities. The Bodhisattva develops in the highest degree what we may designate as absorption, serenity in the presence of destiny, attentiveness to all occurrences in one's surroundings, devotion to all living beings, and insight. And, although many incarnations will be needed for the future Buddha, yet he devotes himself during his incarnations primarily to giving attention to what occurs even though what he now does is relatively little, since he is utterly devoted to the preparation for his future mission.
This will be achieved through the fact that a special law exists with regard to just this Bodhisattva. This law we shall understand if we take account of the possibility that a complete revolution in the soul's life may occur at a certain age.
The greatest of such transformations that ever occurred took place at the baptism by John. What occurred there was that the ego of Jesus, in the thirtieth year of his life, abandoned the flesh and another ego entered: the Ego of the Christ, the Leader of the Sun Beings.
A similar revolution will be experienced by the future Maitreya Buddha. But he experiences such a revolution in his incarnations quite differently. The Bodhisattva patterns his life on the life of Christ, and those who are initiated know that he manifests in every incarnation very special characteristics. It will always be noted that, in the period between his thirtieth and thirty-third years, a mighty revolution occurs in his life. There will then be an interchange of souls, though not in so mighty a manner as in the case of Christ. The "ego" which has until then given life to the body passes out at that time, and the Bodhisattva becomes, in a fundamental sense, altogether a different person from what he has been up to that time, even though the ego o does not cease and is not replaced by another, as was true of the Christ.
This is what all occultists in common call attention to: that he cannot be recognized before this time, before this revolution. Up to this time—although he will be absorbed intensely in all things—his mission will not be especially conspicuous; and even though the revolution is certain to occur, no one can ever say what hat will then happen to him. The earlier period of youth is always utterly unlike that into which he is transformed between his thirtieth and thirty-third years.
Thus does he prepare for a great event. This will be as follows: The old ego passes out and another ego then enters. And this may be such an individuality as Moses, Abraham, Elijah. This ego will then be active for a certain time in this body; thus can that take place which must take place in order to prepare the Maitreya Buddha. The rest of his life he then lives in such a way that he continues to live with this ego which enters at that moment.
What then occurs is like complete interchange. Indeed, that which is needed for the recognition of the Bodhisattva can occur. And it is then known that, when he appears after 3,000 years, and has been elevated to the rank of Maitreya Buddha, his “ego" will remain in him but will be permeated inwardly by still another individuality. And this will occur precisely in his thirty-third year, in the year in which occurred in the case of Christ the Mystery of Golgotha. And then will he come forth as the Teacher of the Good, as a great Teacher who will prepare the true teaching of Christ and the true wisdom of Christ in a manner entirely different from that which is possible today.
Spiritual-science is to prepare that which will one day take place upon our earth.
Now, it is possible for any one in our time to adopt the practice of cultivating those characteristics which are injurious to the emotional life, of cultivating apathy, etc. But this results in a laxity in the emotions, a laxity in the inner soul life, and the person will no longer be able to discharge his task in life, will no longer be able to fulfill it. For this reason every one may consider it a special blessing if he can acquire for himself a knowledge of things that are to occur in future. Whoever has the opportunity today to devote himself to spirit knowledge, enjoys a gift of grace from karma.
For having a knowledge of these things gives a foundation for security, devotion, and peace in our souls, for being serene in soul, and looking forward with confidence and hope to what faces us in the coming millennia of the evolution of humanity. All who can know these things should consider this a special good fortune, something which evokes the highest powers of the human being, which can kindle like fire everything in his soul that seems at the point of being extinguished or is in a state of disharmony, or approaching destruction. Enthusiasm, fire, rapture become also health and happiness in the outer life.
He who earnestly acquaints himself with these things, who can develop the needed absorption in these things, will surely see what they can bring to him in happiness and inner harmony. And, if any one in our Society does not yet find this demonstrated in himself, he should for once surrender himself to such knowledge that he shall say:
"If I have not yet felt this, the fault lies in me. It is my duty to immerse myself in the mysteries about which we can learn today. It rests upon me to feel that I am a human being, one link in a chain which has to stretch from the beginning to the end of evolution, in which are bound together as links all human beings, individualities, Bodhisattvas, Buddhas, Christ. I must say to myself: ‘To feel that I am a link therein is to be conscious of my true worth as a human being.’ This I must sense; this I must feel."
Jeshu Ben Pandira Der Vorbereiter Für Ein Verständnis Des Christus-Impulses. Karma Als Lebensinhalt
Nachdem wir gestern gesprochen haben von der Gliederung des menschlichen Seelenlebens in drei Teile, in die Welt der Vorstellungen oder die Gedankenwelt, in die Welt der Gemütsbewegung und die Welt der Willensimpulse, muss es uns nunmehr interessant sein, die Frage aufzuwerfen: Wie kann die Selbsterziehung, die Pflege unseres Seelenlebens eingreifen, um in entsprechender Weise selbsttätig zu arbeiten an der richtigen Entwicklung und Bildung dieser drei Partien unseres Seelenlebens? Da gehen wir zunächst aus von unserem Willensleben, von dem Leben unserer Willensimpulse, und fragen uns: Welche Eigenschaften müssen wir ganz besonders kultivieren, wenn wir in günstiger Weise auf unser Willensleben einwirken wollen?
Von dem allergünstigsten Einfluss auf unser Willensleben ist ein Leben, das sich in seinem ganzen Sein richtet nach einer Auffassung des Karma, man könnte auch sagen, ein solches Seelenleben, das bestrebt ist, als Haupteigenschaft zu entwickeln: Gelassenheit und Ergebung in unser Schicksal. Und wie könnte man da eigentlich mehr diese Ergebung, diese Seelenruhe sich gegenüber dem Schicksal aneignen als dadurch, dass man das Karma zu einem wirklichen Lebensinhalt macht?
Was heißt das: Karma zu einem wirklichen Lebensinhalt machen? Das heißt, nicht nur der Theorie nach, sondern lebendig, wenn uns eigenes Leid oder das Leid anderer, wenn uns Freude oder der schwerste Schicksalsschlag trifft, sich wirklich klar zu sein darüber, dass in gewissem höheren Sinne wir selbst die Veranlassung gegeben haben zu dem schmerzlichen Schicksalsschlag. Das heißt eine solche Gesinnung entwickeln, dass wir eine Freude dankbar hinnehmen, uns aber auch darüber klar sind, dass wir insbesondere der Freude gegenüber nicht ausarten dürfen, denn es ist in gewisser Beziehung gefährlich, der Freude gegenüber auszuarten. Wir können die Freude, wenn wir uns hinaufentwickeln wollen, in folgender Art auffassen. Freude ist zum größten Teil etwas, was auf ein zukünftiges Schicksal hindeutet, nicht auf ein vergangenes. Freude ist in den meisten Fällen im menschlichen Leben etwas, was man nicht verdient hat durch vorhergehende Taten. Wenn wir das Karma untersuchen mit den okkulten Mitteln, dann finden wir durchaus, dass man in den meisten Fällen die Freude, die man erlebt, nicht verdient hat, und dass man die Freude so betrachten soll, dass man sie dankbar hinnimmt als von den Göttern gesandt, als ein Göttergeschenk, und sich sagt, was uns heute an Freude begegnet, das soll uns anfeuern zu arbeiten, dass wir die uns durch die Freude zuströmenden Kräfte in uns aufnehmen und in nutzbringender Weise verwenden. Wir müssen die Freude betrachten als eine Art Abschlagszahlung für die Zukunft.
Dagegen beim Schmerz, da waren unsere Taten meist so, dass wir ihn verdient haben, dass wir die Veranlassung immer in den gegenwärtigen oder früheren Lebensläufen finden. Und dann soll man sich klar darüber sein bis zum höchsten Grade, dass man in seinem äußeren Leben oftmals sich nicht dieser karmischen Gesinnung entsprechend verhalten hat. Man kann sich im äußeren Leben nicht immer so verhalten demgegenüber, was uns Schmerzen verursacht, dass es wie eine Ergebenheit ins Schicksal aussieht. Wir sehen das meistens nicht gleich ein, das Gesetz des Schicksals. Aber wenn wir uns auch nicht äußerlich so verhalten können, so ist es doch die Hauptsache, dass wir es im Innern tun.
Und wenn man sich äußerlich nicht dieser karmischen Gesinnung entsprechend verhalten hat, in tiefster Seele soll man sich doch sagen, dass man im Grunde genommen die Veranlassung zu allen solchen Sachen selbst war. Nehmen wir zum Beispiel an, es schlägt uns jemand, es prügelt uns jemand mit einem Stock. Dann ist es gewöhnlich die Eigenheit des Menschen zu fragen: Wer ist es, der mich schlägt? Kein Mensch sagt da: Ich bin es selbst, der mich prügelt. In den wenigsten Fällen geben die Menschen sich die Antwort, dass sie sich selbst strafen. Und dennoch ist es so, dass wir selbst den Stock erhoben haben gegen einen andern in verflossenen Tagen. Ja, Sie sind es selbst, der da den Stock erhebt. Wenn wir ein Hindernis zu beseitigen haben, das ist Karma. Es ist Karma, wenn der andere etwas gegen uns hat. Wir selbst sind es, die uns als Ausgleich für irgendetwas, was wir getan haben, etwas zufügen. Und so kommen wir zur richtigen Auffassung unseres Lebens, zur Erweiterung unseres Selbstes, wenn wir uns sagen: Alles, was uns geschieht, kommt von uns selbst. Unsere Tat vollzieht sich da draußen, wenn es auch so aussieht, als ob es ein anderer täte.
Wenn wir eine solche Betrachtungsweise entwickeln, so stärkt uns Gelassenheit, Ergebenheit in unser Schicksal in allen Fällen den Willen. Wir werden stärker dem Leben gegenüber durch Gelassenheit, niemals schwächer. Durch Zorn und Ungeduld werden wir schwach. Jedem Ereignis gegenüber sind wir stark, wenn wir gelassen sind. Dagegen durch Murren und unnatürliches Ankämpfen gegen das Schicksal werden wir immer willensschwächer und willensschwächer.
Da müssen wir allerdings dasjenige, was wir als Schicksal betrachten, in einem weiten Umfang betrachten. Wir müssen dieses unser Schicksal so denken, dass wir zum Beispiel uns sagen, es gehört auch in das Schicksal des Menschen hinein, dass er in einem gewissen Lebensalter gerade diese oder jene Kräfte entwickelt. Und hier werden auch in der Kindererziehung oft Fehler gemacht. Damit stößt Karma auch an die Erziehungsfrage, denn die Erziehung ist Schicksal, Karma des Menschen in der Jugend.
Wir schwächen den Willen eines Menschen, wenn wir ihm etwa zumuten, etwas zu lernen, etwas zu verrichten, was seinen Fähigkeiten noch nicht angemessen ist. Für die Erziehung muss man sich klargemacht haben, was für das allgemeine Menschheitskarma jedem Lebensalter entspricht, sodass das Richtige getan werden kann. Ein unrichtiges Tun ist ein Anstürmen gegen das Schicksal, gegen diese Gesetze, und mit gewaltiger Schwächung des Willens verbunden. Es ist hier nicht möglich zu erörtern, wie mit einer Schwächung des Willens alles zu frühe Erwachen der Leidenschaften und sinnlichen Triebe verbunden ist. Im Besonderen sind es alle zu früh erweckten Triebe, Begierden und Leidenschaften, die unter diesem Gesetze stehen. Denn solche Einrichtungen, wie die körperlichen Organe es sind, zu früh in Anspruch nehmen, ist gegen das Schicksal. Alles, was sich gegen das Menschheitskarma richtet, alle Taten, die gegen bestehende Natureinrichtungen ankämpfen, sind verbunden mit Willensschwächung. Weil man schon seit langer Zeit keine richtigen Erziehungsgrundsätze mehr hat, sind in der heutigen Bevölkerung viele, die nicht in richtiger Weise ihre Jugend zugebracht haben. Wenn sich die Menschheit nicht entschließt, das, was am wichtigsten ist, die Erziehung der Jugend nach den Grundsätzen der Theosophie einzurichten, wird ein immer willensschwächeres Geschlecht entstehen, nicht bloß äußerlich genommen. Es greift dies weit hinein in das Leben des Menschen. Fragen Sie eine ganze Anzahl Menschen, wie sie zu ihrem Beruf gekommen sind. Seien Sie überzeugt, dass Sie meist die Antwort bekommen: Ja, das wissen wir nicht, wir sind so hineingeschoben worden. Dieses Sich-hineingeschoben-Fühlen, dieses Sich-getrieben-Fühlen, dieses Nicht-sich-befriedigt-Fühlen ist auch ein Anzeichen von Willensschwäche.
Wenn nun diese Willensschwäche in der Art verursacht wird, wie wir es besprochen haben, so entstehen hieraus noch andere Folgen für die menschliche Seele, namentlich, wenn die Willensschwäche in der Weise hervorgerufen wird, dass man im jugendlichen Alter Angstzustände, Furcht- und Verzweiflungszustände veranlasst. Es wird immer mehr und mehr notwendig werden, dass die Menschen ein gründliches Verstehen der höheren Gesetze haben, um über Verzweiflungszustände hinauszukommen, denn gerade der Verzweiflungszustand ist es, der in Aussicht steht, wenn nicht gemäß der Geist-Erkenntnis vorgegangen wird.
Durch materialistische und monistische Weltanschauung kann man nur zwei Generationen der Menschen willensstark erhalten. Befriedigen kann der Materialismus gerade zwei Generationen: die eine, die ihn begründete, und dann deren Schüler, die ihn in Empfang nehmen. Das ist das Eigentümliche dieser monistischen und materialistischen Weltanschauung, dass derjenige, der im Laboratorium oder in der Werkstatt arbeitet, der die Anschauung selbst begründet, dessen Kräfte voll beansprucht und beschäftigt sind von dem, was er aufbaut in seiner Seele, dass der innere Zufriedenheit hat. Aber wer sich nur diesen Lehren anschließt, wer den Materialismus fertig übernimmt, bei dem wird diese innere Zufriedenheit nicht zu erreichen sein, und dann wird die Verzweiflung wieder zurückwirken auf die Willenskultur und Willensschwäche hervorrufen. Schwächung des Willens, unenergische Menschen werden die Folge dieser Weltanschauung sein.
Die Zweite der gestern besprochenen drei Seiten des übersinnlichen Lebens sind die Gemütsbewegungen. Was wirkt auf die Gemütsbewegungen in günstigem Sinne?
Wenn wir uns möglichst bemühen, einen aufmerksamen Sinn uns anzueignen, eine große Aufmerksamkeit für das, was in unserer Umgebung vorgeht - glauben Sie nicht, dass diese Aufmerksamkeit besonders häufig und stark bei den Menschen entwickelt ist -, so kann uns dies sehr viel nützen. Ich kann nur immer wieder eines anführen. In einem Lande war einmal die Prüfungsordnung für die Schullehrer geändert worden, und aus diesem Grunde mussten alle Schullehrer noch einmal das Examen machen. Der Examinator hatte junge und alte Schullehrer zu prüfen. Die jungen konnte er prüfen nach dem, was sie im Seminar gelernt hatten. Wie aber sollte er die alten prüfen? Er entschloss sich, sie um nichts anderes zu fragen als um das, worin sie selbst Jahr für Jahr unterrichteten in ihrer eigenen Klasse, und es stellte sich heraus, dass viele, viele keine Ahnung hatten von dem, worin sie selbst unterrichteten!
Dieses Aufmerksamsein, dieses mit lebendigem Interesse Verfolgen derjenigen Dinge, die sich in unserer Umgebung zutragen, ist speziell der Entwicklung, der Kultur unserer Gemütsbewegungen am meisten günstig. Nun hängen die Gemütsbewegungen, wie alles in der Seele, in gewisser Weise mit den Willensimpulsen zusammen, und wenn wir in ungünstigem Sinne unser Gemütsleben beeinflussen, so können wir auf diesem Umwege die Willensimpulse beeinflussen. Wir pflegen in gutem Sinne unsere Gemütsbewegungen, wenn wir in Bezug auf unsere Affekte und Leidenschaften uns unter das Karmagesetz stellen, uns ans Karma halten. Und das finden wir in unserer Umgebung. Wir finden es zum Beispiel, wenn jemand das Gegenteil tut von dem, was wir erwartet haben. Da können wir uns sagen: Nun ja, er tut eben das! Wir können aber auch zornig und heftig werden, und dies ist ein Zeichen von Willensschwäche. Aufbrausen, Jähzorn ist etwas, was die Gemütsbewegungen und auch den Willen zurückbringt und noch viel weiterwirkt, wie wir gleich sehen werden. Nun ist der Zorn etwas, was der Mensch zunächst gar nicht in seiner Hand hat. Nur nach und nach kann er das Zornigwerden sich abgewöhnen. Das kann nur langsam gehen, und der Mensch muss mit sich selber Geduld haben. Wer da glaubt, er könne dies so im Handumdrehen fertigbringen, dem muss ich da die Geschichte von einem Lehrer wiederholen, der es sich besonders angelegen sein ließ, seinen Schulkindern den Zorn auszutreiben. Und als er nach den steten Bemühungen in dieser Beziehung es erlebte, dass ein Junge doch zornig wurde, da wurde er selbst so zornig, dass er dem Kinde das Tintenfass an den Kopf warf. Wem das passieren kann, der müsste sich viele, viele Wochen dem Nachdenken über Karma hingeben.
Was das zu bedeuten hat, werden wir nur gewahr, wenn wir bei dieser Gelegenheit noch ein wenig tiefer in das menschliche Seelenleben hineinschauen. Es sind die beiden Pole des Seelenlebens, das Willensleben einerseits und das Gedanken- und Vorstellungsleben auf der anderen Seite. Die Gemütsbewegungen stehen in der Mitte darin. Nun wissen wir, dass das Menschenleben wechselt zwischen Schlafen und Wachen. Und während der Mensch in wachem Zustande ist, da ist insbesondere tätig sein Vorstellungs- und Gedankenleben. Denn dass der Wille nicht eigentlich wachsam ist, davon kann sich jeder überzeugen, der achtgibt, wie eigentlich ein Willensimpuls zustande kommt. Man muss erst einen Gedanken, eine Vorstellung haben, dann erst dringt der Wille aus der Tiefe der Seele herauf. Der Gedanke ruft Willensimpulse auf. Wenn der Mensch wacht, so wacht er nicht im Willen, er wacht im Gedanken.
Aber die okkulte Wissenschaft lehrt uns: Wenn wir schlafen, ist alles umgekehrt. Da wacht der Wille und ist sehr tätig, und der Gedanke ist untätig. Das kann der Mensch zunächst nicht wissen im normalen Zustande, einfach darum, weil er nur weiß durch seine Gedanken, und diese schlafen. So merkt er nicht, wie sein Wille tätig ist. Wenn er zum Hellsehen aufsteigt und zu einer imaginativen Vorstellungswelt kommt, da merkt er dann schon, dass der Wille in dem Moment aufwacht, in dem die Gedanken einschlafen. Und in die Bilder, die er wahrnimmt, in die schlüpft der Wille hinein und erweckt sie. Die Bilder sind dann gewebt aus dem Willen, sodass also die Gedanken dann schlafen, der Wille aber wacht.
Aber dieses Wachen des Willens ist in ganz anderer Weise mit unserer gesamten menschlichen Wesenheit verbunden als unser Denken. Je nachdem der Mensch arbeitet oder nicht arbeitet, gesund oder krank ist, je nachdem er Gelassenheit entwickelt oder zornig ist, ergibt das gesunden oder kranken Willen. Und je nachdem unser Wille gesund oder ungesund ist, je nachdem arbeitet er während der Nacht an unserem Lebenszustand bis in den physischen Leib hinein. Es ist ein großer Unterschied, ob der Mensch bei Tag Gelassenheit entwickelt, Ergebenheit in sein Schicksal und dadurch seinen Willen zubereitet, dass man sagen kann, dieser Wille entwickelt eine angenehme Wärme, ein Gefühl des Wohlseins - oder ob er Zorn entwickelt. Diese Ungesundheit des Willens ergießt sich in den Leib im nachtschlafenden Zustand und ist die Ursache von zahlreichen Krankheitsformen, deren Ursache gesucht und nicht gefunden wird, weil die wirklichen Folgen, die als physische Krankheiten auftreten, erst nach Jahren oder Jahrzehnten auftreten. Nur der, der große Zeiträume überblickt, kann den Zusammenhang zwischen seelischen und leiblichen Zuständen in der angedeuteten Weise sehen. Also auch im Sinne leiblicher Gesundung muss der Wille geschult werden.
Ebenso können wir auch unsere Gemütsbewegungen durch Gelassenheit und Ergebenheit in unser Karma beeinflussen, dass sie in wohltuender Weise bis in unsere Leibesorganisation wirken. Dagegen schaden wir ihr durch nichts mehr als durch Stumpfheit, Interesselosigkeit gegenüber dem, was um uns herum vorgeht. Diese Stumpfheit ist etwas, was sich immer mehr und mehr ausbreitet, sie ist eine Eigenschaft, die den letzten Grund bildet dafür, dass sich so wenige Menschen für geistige Dinge interessieren. Man kann glauben, dass objektive Gründe zur Annahme einer materialistischen Weltanschauung führen. Objektive Gründe sind gar nicht so viel vorhanden für eine materialistische Lebensauffassung. Nein, Stumpfsinn ist es, keiner kann Materialist sein, ohne stumpf zu sein. Unaufmerksamkeit ist es gegenüber unserer Umgebung. Wer mit regem Interesse seine Umgebung betrachtet, für den springt überall das hervor, was sich nur mit der Geisteserkenntnis vereinbaren lässt. Stumpfheit aber unterdrückt die Gemütsbewegungen und führt zur Willensschwachheit.
Von besonderer Bedeutung ist ferner die Eigenschaft, die man Eigensinn nennt, ein Sinn, der starr besteht auf diesem oder jenem. Ungesunde Gemütsbewegungen können auch den Eigensinn bewirken. Diese Dinge sind oft so, wie die Schlange, die sich selbst in den Schwanz beißt. Alles das vorher Gesagte kann auch der Eigensinn bewirken. Selbst Menschen, die sehr unaufmerksam durchs Leben gehen, können sehr eigensinnig sein. Menschen, die ganz willensschwach sind, sieht man manchmal dieses eine gerade durchsetzen, wo man es nicht erwartet hat, und die Willensschwäche wird immer größer, wenn wir nicht den Eigensinn zu bekämpfen suchen. Gerade bei willensschwachen Personen findet man diesen Starrsinn. Wenn wir uns dagegen bemühen, den Eigensinn nicht auszubilden, da werden wir bemerken, dass wir mit jedem Male die Gemütsbewegungen gebessert und den Willen gestärkt haben. Jedes Mal, wenn einen der Eigensinn so recht sticht und wir geben ihm nicht nach, dann werden wir jedes Mal stärker dem Leben gegenüberstehen. Wir werden die Früchte bemerken, wenn wir systematisch gegen diesen Fehler vorgehen, wir werden durch Bekämpfen des Eigensinns zufriedene Menschen. Namentlich ist es die Kultur der Gemütsbewegungen, die davon abhängt, dass wir Eigensinn, Stumpfheit, Interesselosigkeit in jeder Weise bekämpfen. Also Interesse und Aufmerksamkeit für die Umgebung fördert Gemüt und Willen. Stumpfsinn und Eigensinn bewirken das Gegenteil.
Für gesunde Gemütsbewegung haben wir das gute Wort «Sinnigkeit». Sinnigkeit ist, dass einem etwas Sinnvolles einfällt. Kinder sollen so spielen, dass ihre Phantasie bewegt wird, dass die Selbsttätigkeit ihrer Seele geweckt wird, sodass sie nachdenken müssen über ihr Spiel. Sie sollen nicht nach Vorlagen Bausteine ordnen, dadurch wird nur Pedanterie geweckt, aber nicht Sinnigkeit. Sinnig ist cs, wenn wir sie im Sande allerlei ausführen lassen, wenn wir sie in den Wald führen und aus Kletten Körbchen formen lassen und dann den Anstoß geben, auch andere Gegenstände aus aneinandergeketteten Kletten zu machen. Dinge, die eine gewisse Erfindungsgabe großziehen, pflegen die Sinnigkeit. So wenig man es glaubt, durch solche Pflege der Sinnigkeit kommt Seelenruhe, Seelenharmonie, Befriedigung in das menschliche Leben.
Ferner tun wir gut, wenn wir mit einem Kinde spazieren gehen, das Kind gewähren zu lassen, zu tun, was es will, wenn es nicht gar zu ungezogen wird. Und wenn das Kind irgendetwas tut, dann soll man seine Freude, seine Zustimmung, sein Interesse kundgeben, nicht unwillig werden oder interesselos sein gegenüber demjenigen, was das Kind aus seiner Seele heraus schafft. Auch wenn man das Kind belehrt, soll man anknüpfen an die Formen und Vorgänge in der Natur. Sind die Kinder dann größer, ist es zu vermeiden, sie aus Zeitungen mit den Rätseln oder Rösselsprüngen zu beschäftigen, was nur Pedanterie erzeugt. Dagegen bietet die Betrachtung der Natur das Gegenteil von dem, was uns heute das Zeitungswesen bietet zu einer Pflege der Gemütsbewegung. Von einem in sich beruhigten Gemüt, von einem harmonischen Gemüt hängt nicht nur die seelische, sondern auch die leibliche Gesundheit ab, wenn manchmal auch große Zwischenräume zwischen Ursache und Wirkung liegen.
Nun kommen wir zur dritten Seite des übersinnlichen Lebens, zum Denken. Was dies betrifft, so pflegen wir es, machen es scharfsinnig insbesondere dadurch, dass wir Eigenschaften entwickeln, die scheinbar gar nicht mit dem Denken, den Vorstellungen zusammenhängen. Durch nichts pflegen wir mehr ein gutes Denken als durch Hingabe und Einsicht, nicht so sehr durch logische Übungen, sondern wenn wir dieses und jenes beobachten, Vorgänge in der Natur dazu benutzen, um einzudringen in die verborgenen Geheimnisse. Durch Hingabe an Natur- und Menschheitsfragen, durch den Versuch, komplizierte Menschen zu verstehen, durch eine Steigerung der Aufmerksamkeit machen wir unser Denken scharfsinnig. Hingabe heißt: versuchen zu enträtseln mit dem Denken, mit dem Vorstellen. In dieser Beziehung können wir sehen, dass in der außerordentlich günstigsten Weise solche Hingabe mit dem Verstande in das spätere Leben hineinwirkt.
Ein Fall aus dem Leben ist folgender: Ein kleiner Knabe zeigte seiner Mutter merkwürdige Seiten seiner Beobachtung, die mit außerordentlicher Hingabe und Einsichtsfähigkeit zusammenhängt. Er sagte: Weißt du, wenn ich auf der Straße gehe und Menschen und Tiere sche, da ist es, als ob ich in die Menschen und Tiere hineingehen müsste. Da ist mir eine arme Frau begegnet, und ich bin in sie hineingegangen, und das war mir furchtbar schmerzlich, sehr elend war das. - Dabei hat der Knabe zu Hause keinerlei Elend gesehen, sondern lebt in ganz guten Verhältnissen. - Und dann bin ich in ein Pferd hineingegangen, dann in ein Schwein. - Und er schildert das in ausführlicher Weise und wird dadurch in außerordentlicher Weise zum Mitleid, zu besonderen Taten des Mitleids angeregt durch dieses Hineinfühlen. Woher kommt das, das Ausbreiten des Verständnisses für andere Wesen? Wenn man in diesem Falle darüber nachdenkt, dann kommt man in die vorhergehende Inkarnation zurück, wo der betreffende Mensch die oben geschilderte Hingabe an die Dinge, an die Geheimnisse der Dinge, gepflegt hat.
Auf die Wirkungen der Kultur der Hingabe brauchen wir aber nicht zu warten bis zur nächsten Inkarnation. Das drückt sich schon aus in einem einzelnen Leben. Wenn wir in der frühesten Jugend angehalten werden, alles das zu entwickeln, dann werden wir im späteren Leben ein klares, durchsichtiges Denken haben, während wir sonst ein zerrissenes, unlogisches Denken entwickeln. Es ist so, dass wirklich spirituelle Grundsätze uns vorwärtsbringen können im Leben.
Wirklich theosophische Erziehungsgrundsätze waren in den letzten Jahrzehnten nur wenig, fast gar nicht vorhanden. Und nun erleben wir die Folgen. Unrichtiges Denken ist in unserer Zeit außerordentlich viel vorhanden. Ein Martyrium kann man erleben über das schrecklich unlogische Leben der Welt. Wer sich eine gewisse Hellsichtigkeit angeeignet hat, empfindet das nicht bloß so, dass er sich sagt, das ist richtig, jenes ist unrichtig, sondern er hat einen wirklichen Schmerz, wenn ihm unlogisches Denken entgegentritt, und ein Wohlsein bei klarem, durchsichtigem Denken. Das bedeutet: Man hat sich eine Empfindung dafür erworben, und danach kann man entscheiden. Und das ist dann ein viel richtigeres Entscheiden, wenn man cs einmal bis dahin gebracht hat. Ein viel richtigeres Urteil über Wahrheit und Unwahrheit gibt das. Das scheint unglaublich, ist aber so. Wenn einem Hellseher gegenüber etwas unrichtig gesagt wird, da zeigt ihm der aufsteigende Schmerz, dass das unlogisch, unrichtig ist. Unlogisches Denken ist im weitesten Maße verbreitet, in keiner Zeit war das unlogische Denken so verbreitet als gerade in unserer gegenwärtigen Zeit, trotzdem man sich auf logisches Denken so viel zugute tut. Dafür ein Beispiel, das wohl etwas krass sein mag, aber typisch ist für gedankenloses und interesseloses Erleben.
Ich fuhr einmal von Rostock nach Berlin. In mein Abteil stiegen noch zwei Menschen, ein Herr und eine Dame. Ich saß in einer Ecke und wollte bloß beobachten. Der Herr benahm sich bald in merkwürdiger Weise - er war sonst vielleicht ein ganz gebildeter Mensch -, er legte sich hin, in fünf Minuten sprang er wieder auf, dann wieder ächzte er erbarmungsvoll. Da die Dame ihn offenbar für leidend hielt, wurde sie von Mitleid erfasst und bald war ein Gespräch zwischen ihnen im Gange. Sie erzählte ihm dann, dass sie wohl bemerkt habe, dass er leidend sei, aber sie wisse, was Kranksein heißt, denn sie war auch krank. Sie habe da einen Korb mit, in dem sei alles drin, was heilsam für sie sei. Sie sagte: Ich kann alles heilen, denn ich habe für alles ein Mittel. Und denken Sie mal, was ich für ein Unglück habe. Da komme ich tief aus Russland bis hierher an die Ostsee, um mich zu erholen und etwas zu tun für mein Leiden, und als ich ankomme, bemerke ich, dass ich ein für mich wichtiges Mittel zu Hause vergaß. Nun muss ich sofort umkehren, und es ist auch diese Hoffnung vergebens gewesen. - Dann erzählte der Herr seine Leiden, und sie gab ihm für jede seiner Krankheiten ein Heilmittel, und er versprach, alles zu tun und notierte es sich auf. Ich glaube, es waren elf verschiedene Rezepte. Jetzt fing sie an, ihre Krankheiten alle einzeln aufzuzählen; und da fing er an, alles zu wissen, was dieselben heilt, dass ihr gegen dieses Leiden in diesem Sanatorium, gegen jenes in einem anderen geholfen werden könne. Da hat sie ihrerseits sich alle Adressen aufgeschrieben und hatte bloß Angst, dass in Berlin sonntags bei ihrer Ankunft die Apotheken geschlossen sein könnten. Diese beiden Leute sind nicht einen Augenblick auf den merkwürdigen Widerspruch verfallen, dass ein jeder nur für den anderen alles weiß, was ihm vielleicht helfen könne, nur für sich selber wussten sie keine Hilfe. Dieses Erlebnis war für zwei gebildete Menschen eine Möglichkeit, sich zu baden in dem Meer von Unsinn, der da ausströmte.
Solche Dinge muss man ins Auge fassen, wenn man von der Selbsterkenntnis verlangt, dass sie Einsicht hergibt. Man muss von der Selbsterkenntnis verlangen, dass sie Zusammenhang im Denken entwickelt, namentlich aber Hingabe an die Sache. In der Seele wirken alle diese Dinge zusammen. Ein solch abgerissenes Denken, das wirkt so, wenn auch erst nach langer Zeit, dass der Mensch in die Notwendigkeit kommt, über alles moros, griesgrämig, hypochondrisch zu sein, und man weiß oft nicht, wo die Ursachen hierzu zu suchen sind. Die geringe Pflege der Einsicht und der Hingabe macht griesgrämig, moros, hypochondrisch. Was dem Denken so ungemein notwendig ist, hängt scheinbar gar nicht mit dem Denken zusammen. Aller Eigenwille, alle Selbstsucht wirkt zerstörend auf das Denken. Alle Eigenschaften, die mit Eigenwille und Selbstsucht zusammenhängen, wie Ehrgeiz, Eitelkeit, alle diese Dinge, die scheinbar auf etwas anderes gehen, machen unser Denken ungesund und wirken auf unsere Stimmung in ungünstigem Sinne zurück. Deshalb müssen wir auch den Eigenwillen, die Selbstsucht, den Egoismus zu bekämpfen suchen, dagegen den Dingen gegenüber eine gewisse Hingabe, eine gewisse Opferwilligkeit den Wesen gegenüber pflegen. Hingabe, Opferwilligkeit gegenüber den unbedeutendsten Gegenständen und Vorfällen wirken günstig auf Denken und Stimmung. In der Tat, Selbstsucht und Egoismus strafen sich dadurch, dass der Selbstsüchtige immer unzufriedener und unzufriedener wird, immer mehr klagt, dass sein Selbst zu kurz gekommen sci. Wo jemand dies in sich spürt, sollte er sich unters Karmagesetz stellen und sich fragen, wenn er unzufrieden ist: Welche Selbstsucht hat mir meine Unzufriedenheit herangezogen?
So kann man geradezu angeben, wie man bilden kann und wie man schädigen kann die drei Partien unseres Seelenlebens, und das ist außerordentlich wichtig. Wir sehen daher, dass Theosophie etwas ist, was tief, tief in unser Leben eingreift. Es greift tief in unser Leben ein, weil eine wirkliche Beobachtung der theosophischen Prinzipien uns zum Selbsterzieher machen kann, und das ist für das Leben von ungeheurer Bedeutung, wird aber auch von einer immer größeren Bedeutung insofern, als die Zeiten für die Menschheitsentwicklung vorbei sind, da die Menschen geleitet wurden von den Göttern herab, von den höheren Welten heraus. Immer mehr und mehr werden die Menschen selbst tun müssen, ohne gelenkt und geleitet zu werden.
Im Hinblick auf das, was die Meister nun gelehrt haben als das Heraufarbeiten zum Christus, der auf dem Astralplan noch in diesem Jahrhundert erscheint, kann ein größeres Verständnis für diesen Menschheitsfortschritt nur so erzielt werden: Der Mensch muss sich immer mehr gegen die Zukunft seine Impulse selber geben. Geradeso wie wir gestern beschrieben haben, dass sich die Menschen allmählich heraufarbeiten zum Christus, so müssen wir allmählich in Freiheit Denk-, Gemüts- und Willensimpulse vervollkommnen. Und das kann nur durch solche Selbstbeherrschung, Selbstbeobachtung erzielt werden. Geradeso wie früher in alter Hellsichtigkeit die Impulse von den Göttern herabgegeben wurden dem Menschen, so wird er später in neuer Hellsichtigkeit sich selbst die Wege bestimmen müssen. Deswegen tritt Theosophie gerade in unserer Zeit auf, damit die Menschheit lernen kann, in richtiger Weise Seeleneigenschaften auszubilden. Dadurch lebt dann der Mensch dem entgegen, was die Zukunft bringen soll. Nur dadurch kann begriffen werden, was einmal eintreten muss, dass nämlich diejenigen, die klug und unmoralisch sind, herausgestoßen und unschädlich gemacht werden.
Die genannten Eigenschaften sind für jeden Menschen von Wichtigkeit. Sie sind aber so, dass sie gerade für diejenigen wichtig sind, welche in einer besonderen Weise anstreben wollen, rasch und rationell zu den Eigenschaften zu kommen, die immer mehr und mehr notwendig werden für die Menschheit. Deshalb sind es besonders die Führer der Menschen, welche erstreben, diese Entwicklung in ganz. besonderem Maße an sich selber zu bewirken, weil man nur durch höchste Eigenschaften Höchstes erreichen kann.
In allerhöchstem Maße wird diese Entwicklung vorbildlich betrieben von jener Individualität, die einst zur Würde eines Bodhisattva aufstieg - als der vorige Bodhisattva Gautama ein Buddha wurde -, der seitdem fast alle hundert Jahre einmal verkörpert war und ungefähr hundert Jahre vor dem Christus als Jeshu ben Pandira, als Vorverkündiger des Christus gelebt hat. Fünftausend Jahre braucht er zum Emporsteigen zur Würde eines Buddha, und dieser Buddha wird dann Maitreya-Buddha sein. Ein Bringer des Guten wird er sein, und zwar aus dem Grunde, weil er- und das können die sehen, die hellsichtig genug sind - es in strengster Selbsterziehung erlangt, jene Kräfte in äußerster Weise auszubilden, die magisch-moralische Kräfte hervorgehen lassen, derart, dass er imstande sein wird, durch das Wort selbst Gemütsbewegung und Moral in die Seelen zu übertragen. Wir können heute auf dem physischen Plane noch keine Worte entwickeln, die dazu imstande wären. Auch der Maitreya-Buddha könnte das heute nicht, solche magische Worte bilden. Heute kann durch das Wort nur der Gedanke übertragen werden.
Wie bereitet er sich vor? Indem er vor allen Dingen diese Eigenschaften, welche die guten genannt werden, in allerhöchstem Maße entwickelt. Der Bodhisattva entwickelt in höchstem Grade das, was man Ergebenheit, Gelassenheit dem Schicksal gegenüber, Aufmerksamkeit auf alle Vorgänge unserer Umgebung, Hingabe an alle Wesen und Einsicht nennen kann. Und obwohl viele Leben des künftigen Buddha nötig sind, so erschöpft er sich in seinen Verkörperungen hauptsächlich darin, aufzumerken auf das, was geschieht, wenn auch das, was er jetzt tut, kaum viel ist, weil er sich ganz und gar vorbereitet auf seine künftige Mission. Das wird dadurch erreicht, dass gerade für diesen Bodhisattva ein besonderes Gesetz besteht. Dieses Gesetz werden wir verstehen, wenn wir in Betracht ziehen, dass es die Möglichkeit gibt, dass in einem gewissen Lebensalter ein völliger Umschwung unseres Seelenlebens eintreten kann.
Der größte solcher Umschläge, der jemals stattfand, war ja bei der Johannestaufe. Da geschah es, dass das Ich des Jesus im dreißigsten Jahre des Lebens das Fleisch verließ und ein anderes Ich eintrat: das Ich des Christus, des Führers der Sonnenwesen.
Einen ähnlichen Umschlag nachleben wird der zukünftige Maitreya-Buddha. Aber in ganz anderer Weise lebt er in seinen Inkarnationen einen solchen Umschwung nach. Das Leben Christi lebt der Bodhisattva nach, und diejenigen, welche eingeweiht sind, wissen, dass er in jeder Inkarnation ganz besondere Eigentümlichkeiten zeigt. Man wird gerade in der Zeit vom dreißigsten bis dreiunddreißigsten Lebensjahre immer bemerken, dass ein gewaltiger Umschwung in seinem Leben eintritt. Da wird, wenn auch nicht in so gewaltiger Weise wie beim Christus, die Seele ausgetauscht: Das Ich, welches bis dahin den Leib belebt hat, geht heraus in dieser Zeit, und der Bodhisattva wird im Grunde genommen ein ganz anderer als er bis dahin war, wenn auch bei ihm nicht, wie beim Christus Jesus, das Ich aufhört und durch ein anderes Ich ersetzt wird. Das ist es, was alle Okkultisten gemeinsam verzeichnen, dass man ihn nicht erkennen kann vor diesem Zeitpunkt, vor dieser Umwandlung. Bis dahin - obwohl mit regstem Interesse an alles hingegeben - wird seine Mission sich nicht besonders hervorheben, und wenn auch der Umschwung sicher eintritt, kann man doch niemals sagen, was mit ihm dann geschehen wird. Ganz verschieden ist immer die frühere Jugendzeit von dem, in das er sich umwandelt zwischen dem dreiRigsten und dreiunddreißigsten Jahre.
So bereitet er sich vor zu einem großen Ereignis. Das wird so sein: Das alte Ich geht heraus, und ein anderes Ich tritt dann ein. Und das kann sein eine solche Individualität wie die des Moses, des Abraham, des Elias. Diese wird sich dann in diesem Leibe einige Zeit betätigen; dadurch kann geschehen, was geschehen muss, um den Maitreya-Buddha vorzubereiten. Den Rest des Lebens verlebt er dann so, dass er mit diesem Ich, das da eintritt, fortlebt.
Wie ein vollständiger Wechsel ist es also, was da eintritt. Doch kann geschehen, was notwendig ist, um den Bodhisattva zu erkennen. Und dann weiß man, dass, wenn er in dreitausend Jahren erscheinen wird und erhoben wird zur Würde des Maitreya-Buddha, zwar sein Ich in ihm bleiben wird, aber durchdrungen wird innerlich von einer anderen Individualität noch. Und das wird gerade geschehen in seinem dreiunddreißigsten Jahre, in jenem Jahre, in dem sich mit Christus vollzogen hat das Mysterium von Golgatha. Und dann wird er auftreten als der Lehrer des Guten, als ein großer Lehrer, der vorbereiten wird die richtige Lehre von dem Christus und die richtige Weisheit von dem Christus in einer ganz anderen Weise, als dies heute geschehen kann. Theosophie soll vorbereiten dasjenige, was einmal Platz greifen soll auf unserer Erde.
Es kann ja nun jemand in unserer Zeit sich auf den Standpunkt stellen, die den Gemütsbewegungen schädlichen Eigenschaften, die Stumpfheit und so weiter, zu kultivieren. Das aber führt zu einer Lockerung der Gemütsbewegungen, zu einer Lockerung des inneren Seelenlebens, und der Mensch wird dann seine Aufgabe gegenüber dem Leben nicht mehr erfüllen können. Deshalb kann jeder es als eine besondere Gnade betrachten, wenn er sich ein Wissen von den zukünftigen Dingen verschaffen kann. Wer heute Gelegenheit hat, sich der Theosophie hinzugeben, genießt eine Gnade des Karma.
Denn Wissen von diesen Dingen heißt, Sicherheit, Hingebung und Frieden in seiner Seele begründen, sich stille machen in seiner Seele und mit Zuversicht und Hoffnung hinblicken auf das, was in den nächsten Jahrtausenden bevorsteht in der Menschheitsentwicklung. Das sollen alle Menschen, die davon wissen können, als ein besonderes Glück empfinden, als etwas, was die höchsten Kräfte des Menschen aufruft, was wie Feuer anfachen kann alles in seiner Seele, was im Erlöschen, in der Disharmonie ist oder dem Verfall entgegenzugehen scheint. Enthusiasmus, Feuer, Begeisterung wird auch Gesundheit, Glück im äußeren Leben.
Derjenige, der ernsthaft sich bekannt macht mit diesen Dingen, der die nötige Hingabe an diese Dinge entwickeln kann, der wird schon sehen, was sie ihm an Glück und innerer Harmonie bringen. Und wenn jemand in unserer Gesellschaft das noch nicht an sich bewährt findet, sollte er sich einmal solcher Erkenntnis hingeben, dass er sagt: Wenn ich das noch nicht empfunden habe, so liegt die Schuld an mir. An mir liegt es, mich zu vertiefen in die Geheimnisse, die man heute hören kann. An mir liegt es, mich als Mensch als Glied einer Kette zu fühlen, die sich hinziehen muss von Anfang bis Ende der Entwicklung, in welche eingebettet sind als Glieder alle Menschen, Individualitäten, Bodhisattvas, Buddhas, Christus. Ich muss mir sagen: Darin ein Glied zu sein, das empfinde ich als ein Bewusstsein von meiner wahren Menschenwürde. Das muss ich ahnen, das muss ich empfinden.
Jeshu Ben Pandira The Preparer For An Understanding Of The Christ Impulse. Karma As The Purpose Of Life
Having spoken yesterday about the division of the human soul life into three parts, into the world of ideas or the world of thoughts, into the world of emotions, and into the world of will impulses, it must now be interesting for us to raise the question: How can self-education, the cultivation of our soul life, intervene in order to work independently in the right way on the proper development and formation of these three parts of our soul life? Let us start with our will life, the life of our will impulses, and ask ourselves: What qualities must we cultivate in particular if we want to influence our will life in a favorable way?
The most favorable influence on our will is a life that is oriented in its entire being toward an understanding of karma. One could also say that such a soul life strives to develop as its main characteristic serenity and resignation to our fate. And how could we acquire this resignation, this peace of mind toward fate, other than by making karma a real purpose in life?
What does it mean to make karma a real purpose in life? It means not only in theory, but in practice, when we experience our own suffering or the suffering of others, when we experience joy or the heaviest blow of fate, to be truly clear that in a certain higher sense we ourselves have given rise to the painful blow of fate. It means developing such an attitude that we accept joy with gratitude, but are also clear that we must not go to extremes, especially with regard to joy, because in a certain sense it is dangerous to go to extremes with joy. If we want to develop ourselves, we can understand joy in the following way. Joy is for the most part something that points to a future destiny, not to a past one. In most cases in human life, joy is something that one has not earned through previous deeds. If we examine karma with occult means, we find that in most cases the joy we experience is not deserved, and that one should regard joy as something to be gratefully accepted as sent by the gods, as a gift from the gods, and tell oneself that whatever joy we encounter today should spur us on to work, so that we may absorb the powers flowing into us through joy and use them in a beneficial way. We must regard joy as a kind of down payment for the future.
In contrast, when it comes to pain, our actions have usually been such that we deserve it, that we can always find the cause in our present or past lives. And then we should be clear to the highest degree that in our outer life we have often not behaved in accordance with this karmic attitude. In our outer life, we cannot always behave in such a way toward what causes us pain that it looks like resignation to fate. We do not usually see the law of fate right away. But even if we cannot behave this way outwardly, the main thing is that we do so inwardly.
And if one has not behaved outwardly in accordance with this karmic attitude, one should nevertheless tell oneself in the depths of one's soul that one was, in essence, the cause of all such things. Let us take, for example, someone who hits us, who beats us with a stick. It is then usually human nature to ask: Who is it who is hitting me? No one says, “I am the one who is beating me.” In very few cases do people answer that they are punishing themselves. And yet it is true that we ourselves raised the stick against another in days gone by. Yes, it is you yourself who raises the stick. When we have an obstacle to remove, that is karma. It is karma when someone else has something against us. It is we ourselves who inflict something on ourselves as compensation for something we have done. And so we come to the right understanding of our life, to the expansion of our self, when we say to ourselves: Everything that happens to us comes from ourselves. Our deed is carried out out there, even if it looks as if someone else is doing it.
When we develop such a way of looking at things, serenity and resignation to our fate strengthen our will in all cases. We become stronger in the face of life through serenity, never weaker. Anger and impatience make us weak. We are strong in the face of every event when we are serene. On the other hand, grumbling and unnatural struggles against fate make us weaker and weaker in our will.
However, we must consider what we regard as fate in a broad sense. We must think of our fate in such a way that we say to ourselves, for example, that it is also part of human fate that at a certain age in life, we develop precisely these or those powers. And this is where mistakes are often made in the upbringing of children. Karma thus also touches on the question of education, for education is fate, the karma of human beings in their youth.
We weaken a person's will when we expect them to learn or do something that is not yet appropriate to their abilities. In education, we must be clear about what corresponds to the general karma of humanity at each stage of life, so that we can do the right thing. Wrong action is an assault on destiny, on these laws, and is associated with a tremendous weakening of the will. It is not possible here to discuss how the weakening of the will is connected with the premature awakening of passions and sensual desires. In particular, it is all prematurely awakened instincts, desires, and passions that are subject to this law. For it is against destiny to make premature use of such institutions as the physical organs. Everything that is directed against the karma of humanity, all deeds that fight against existing natural institutions, are connected with a weakening of the will. Because there have been no proper principles of education for a long time, there are many in today's population who have not spent their youth in the right way. If humanity does not decide to establish what is most important, namely the education of youth according to the principles of Theosophy, a generation with increasingly weak willpower will emerge, and not just outwardly. This has a profound effect on human life. Ask a number of people how they came to their profession. You will find that most of them will answer: Yes, we don't know, we were pushed into it. This feeling of being pushed, of being driven, of not feeling satisfied, is also a sign of weakness of will.
If this weakness of will is caused in the way we have discussed, it has other consequences for the human soul, especially if the weakness of will is caused by inducing states of anxiety, fear, and despair in young people. It will become increasingly necessary for people to have a thorough understanding of the higher laws in order to overcome states of despair, for it is precisely despair that lies in store if we do not proceed in accordance with spiritual knowledge.
A materialistic and monistic worldview can only keep two generations of people strong-willed. Materialism can satisfy just two generations: the one that founded it and then their disciples who receive it. This is the peculiarity of this monistic and materialistic worldview, that the one who works in the laboratory or in the workshop, who establishes the view himself, whose powers are fully engaged and occupied by what he builds up in his soul, has inner satisfaction. But those who merely adhere to these teachings, who accept materialism ready-made, will not be able to achieve this inner satisfaction, and then despair will have a retroactive effect on the culture of the will and cause weakness of will. Weakening of the will and unenergetic people will be the result of this worldview.
The second of the three aspects of the supersensible life discussed yesterday are the emotions. What has a favorable effect on the emotions?
If we make every effort to acquire an attentive mind, to pay close attention to what is going on around us—and do not believe that this attention is particularly common or strong in human beings—this can be of great benefit to us. I can only cite one example again and again. In a certain country, the examination regulations for school teachers had been changed, and for this reason all school teachers had to retake their exams. The examiner had to test both young and old school teachers. He could test the young ones on what they had learned in the seminar. But how should he test the old ones? He decided to ask them nothing other than what they themselves taught year after year in their own classes, and it turned out that many, many had no idea what they themselves were teaching!
This attentiveness, this lively interest in following the things that happen around us, is particularly conducive to the development and culture of our emotions. Now, emotions, like everything else in the soul, are in a certain way connected with the impulses of the will, and if we influence our emotional life in an unfavorable way, we can indirectly influence the impulses of the will. We cultivate our emotions in a good way when we submit ourselves to the law of karma in relation to our affections and passions, when we adhere to karma. And we find this in our environment. We find it, for example, when someone does the opposite of what we expected. Then we can say to ourselves: Well, that's just what he does! But we can also become angry and violent, and this is a sign of weakness of will. Outbursts and irascibility are things that set back the emotions and also the will, and have a lasting effect, as we shall see in a moment. Now, anger is something that human beings do not initially have control over. Only gradually can they break the habit of becoming angry. This can only happen slowly, and human beings must be patient with themselves. Anyone who believes they can achieve this in the blink of an eye needs to hear the story of a teacher who was particularly keen to rid his schoolchildren of anger. And when, after constant efforts in this regard, he saw that one boy was getting angry after all, he became so angry himself that he threw the inkwell at the child's head. Anyone who can do that would have to spend many, many weeks thinking about karma.
We can only understand what this means if we take this opportunity to look a little deeper into the human soul. There are two poles of the soul: the will on the one hand and the life of thoughts and imagination on the other. Emotions lie in the middle. We know that human life alternates between sleeping and waking. And while a person is awake, their imagination and thoughts are particularly active. Anyone who pays attention to how a volitional impulse actually comes about can see that the will is not actually alert. First you have to have a thought, an idea, and only then does the will rise up from the depths of the soul. The thought calls forth impulses of the will. When a person is awake, they are not awake in their will, they are awake in their thoughts.
But occult science teaches us that when we sleep, everything is reversed. The will is awake and very active, and the thoughts are inactive. In the normal state, human beings cannot know this at first, simply because they only know through their thoughts, and these are asleep. Thus, they do not notice how their will is active. When they ascend to clairvoyance and enter an imaginative world of ideas, they then realize that the will awakens at the moment when the thoughts fall asleep. And the will slips into the images they perceive and awakens them. The images are then woven from the will, so that the thoughts sleep, but the will is awake.
But this waking of the will is connected to our entire human being in a completely different way than our thinking. Depending on whether a person works or does not work, is healthy or sick, develops serenity or is angry, the result is a healthy or sick will. And depending on whether our will is healthy or unhealthy, it works during the night on our state of life, right down into the physical body. There is a great difference between whether a person develops serenity during the day, resignation to their fate, and thereby prepares their will in such a way that one can say that this will develops a pleasant warmth, a feeling of well-being—or whether they develop anger. This unhealthy will pours into the body during the night's sleep and is the cause of numerous forms of illness whose cause is sought and not found because the real consequences, which appear as physical illnesses, only appear after years or decades. Only those who can look back over long periods of time can see the connection between mental and physical states in the way indicated. Therefore, the will must also be trained in the sense of physical healing.
In the same way, we can also influence our emotions through serenity and resignation to our karma, so that they have a beneficial effect on our physical organization. On the other hand, nothing harms us more than dullness and indifference to what is going on around us. This dullness is something that spreads more and more; it is a characteristic that is the ultimate reason why so few people are interested in spiritual things. One may believe that objective reasons lead to the acceptance of a materialistic worldview. However, there are not many objective reasons for a materialistic view of life. No, dullness is the reason; no one can be a materialist without being dull. It is inattention to our surroundings. Those who observe their surroundings with keen interest will see everywhere what can only be reconciled with intellectual knowledge. Dullness, however, suppresses the emotions and leads to weakness of will.
Of particular importance is the quality known as stubbornness, a mindset that rigidly insists on this or that. Unhealthy emotions can also cause stubbornness. These things are often like a snake biting its own tail. Everything mentioned above can also cause stubbornness. Even people who go through life very inattentively can be very stubborn. People who are completely weak-willed sometimes manage to get their way when you least expect it, and their weakness of will becomes greater and greater if we do not try to combat their stubbornness. This stubbornness is particularly common in weak-willed people. If, on the other hand, we make an effort not to develop stubbornness, we will notice that with each attempt we have improved our emotions and strengthened our will. Every time stubbornness strikes and we do not give in to it, we will become stronger in the face of life. We will see the fruits of our labor if we systematically combat this flaw; by fighting stubbornness, we will become contented people. It is the culture of emotions that depends on us combating stubbornness, dullness, and indifference in every way. Interest and attention to our surroundings promote a healthy mind and will. Dullness and stubbornness have the opposite effect.
For healthy emotions, we have the good word “sensibility.” Sensibility is when something meaningful comes to mind. Children should play in such a way that their imagination is stimulated, that the self-activity of their soul is awakened, so that they have to think about their play. They should not arrange building blocks according to templates, as this only awakens pedantry, not sensibility. It is sensible to let them do all sorts of things in the sand, to take them into the forest and let them make baskets out of burdocks, and then give them the impetus to make other objects out of burdocks strung together. Things that cultivate a certain inventiveness promote meaningfulness. As unlikely as it may seem, cultivating meaningfulness in this way brings peace of mind, harmony of the soul, and satisfaction to human life.
Furthermore, when we go for a walk with a child, we do well to let the child do what it wants, as long as it does not become too naughty. And when the child does something, we should express our joy, approval, and interest, and not become unwilling or uninterested in what the child creates from its soul. Even when teaching children, one should draw on the forms and processes found in nature. When children are older, it should be avoided to occupy them with puzzles or word games from newspapers, which only produce pedantry. On the contrary, observing nature offers the opposite of what newspapers offer us today in terms of nurturing the emotions. Not only mental health but also physical health depends on a calm and harmonious mind, even if there are sometimes large gaps between cause and effect.
Now we come to the third aspect of the supernatural life, thinking. In this regard, we cultivate and sharpen our thinking in particular by developing qualities that seem to have nothing to do with thinking or ideas. Nothing cultivates good thinking more than devotion and insight, not so much through logical exercises, but rather by observing this and that, using processes in nature to penetrate hidden mysteries. Through devotion to questions of nature and humanity, through trying to understand complicated people, through increasing our attention, we make our thinking sharp. Devotion means trying to unravel things with our thinking, with our imagination. In this respect, we can see that such devotion has an extremely favorable effect on later life.
Here is a case from real life: A little boy showed his mother some strange aspects of his observations, which were connected with extraordinary devotion and insight. He said: “You know, when I walk down the street and see people and animals, it's as if I have to go inside them. I met a poor woman, and I went inside her, and it was terribly painful for me, very miserable.” The boy had not seen any misery at home, but lived in quite good circumstances. “And then I went into a horse, then into a pig.” He describes this in great detail and is thereby inspired in an extraordinary way to compassion, to special acts of compassion through this empathy. Where does this come from, this spreading of understanding for other beings? When one thinks about it in this case, one returns to the previous incarnation, where the person in question cultivated the devotion to things, to the mysteries of things, described above.
However, we do not need to wait until the next incarnation to see the effects of the culture of devotion. This is already expressed in a single life. If we are encouraged in our earliest youth to develop all of this, then we will have clear, transparent thinking in later life, whereas otherwise we will develop confused, illogical thinking. It is true that spiritual principles can really help us progress in life.
Truly theosophical principles of education have been few and far between in recent decades. And now we are experiencing the consequences. Incorrect thinking is extremely prevalent in our time. One can experience martyrdom through the terribly illogical life of the world. Those who have acquired a certain clairvoyance do not merely feel that this is right and that is wrong, but they feel real pain when confronted with illogical thinking, and a sense of well-being when their thinking is clear and transparent. This means that one has acquired a feeling for it, and then one can decide. And once one has reached that point, one's decisions are much more correct. This gives a much more accurate judgment of truth and falsehood. It seems incredible, but it is true. When something incorrect is said to a clairvoyant, the rising pain shows him that it is illogical and incorrect. Illogical thinking is widespread to the highest degree; never has illogical thinking been as widespread as in our present time, even though we pride ourselves so much on logical thinking. Here is an example that may be a little extreme, but is typical of thoughtless and uninterested experience.
I was once traveling from Rostock to Berlin. Two people got into my compartment, a gentleman and a lady. I sat in a corner and just wanted to observe. The gentleman soon began to behave strangely—he was otherwise perhaps a very educated man—he lay down, jumped up again five minutes later, then groaned pitifully. Since the lady obviously thought he was suffering, she was overcome with pity and soon a conversation was underway between them. She told him that she had noticed that he was suffering, but that she knew what it meant to be ill, because she had also been ill. She had a basket with her that contained everything that was good for her. She said, “I can cure everything, because I have a remedy for everything. And just think what misfortune I have. I have come all the way from Russia to the Baltic Sea to recover and do something for my ailments, and when I arrive, I realize that I have forgotten an important remedy at home. Now I have to turn back immediately, and all my hopes have been in vain.” Then the gentleman told her about his ailments, and she gave him a remedy for each of them, and he promised to do everything she said and wrote it all down. I think there were eleven different prescriptions. Now she began to list all her illnesses one by one, and he began to know everything that would cure them, that she could be helped for this ailment in this sanatorium and for that one in another. She wrote down all the addresses and was only afraid that the pharmacies in Berlin might be closed when she arrived on Sunday. These two people did not for a moment notice the strange contradiction that each knew everything that might help the other, but knew no help for themselves. For two educated people, this experience was an opportunity to bathe in the sea of nonsense that flowed forth.
One must take such things into account when one demands that self-knowledge yield insight. One must demand that self-knowledge develop coherence in thinking, but above all devotion to the cause. All these things work together in the soul. Such disjointed thinking has the effect, albeit only after a long time, of making people morose, gloomy, and hypochondriacal, and one often does not know where to look for the causes. The lack of insight and devotion makes people gloomy, morose, and hypochondriacal. What is so essential to thinking does not seem to be connected with thinking at all. All self-will, all selfishness has a destructive effect on thinking. All qualities associated with self-will and selfishness, such as ambition, vanity, all these things that seem to be directed toward something else, make our thinking unhealthy and have an unfavorable effect on our mood. That is why we must also try to combat self-will, selfishness, and egoism, and instead cultivate a certain devotion to things, a certain willingness to make sacrifices for others. Devotion and willingness to make sacrifices for even the most insignificant objects and events have a beneficial effect on thinking and mood. In fact, selfishness and egoism punish themselves by making the selfish person increasingly dissatisfied and discontented, complaining more and more that his self has been neglected. Wherever someone feels this within himself, he should submit himself to the law of karma and ask himself, when he is dissatisfied: What selfishness has brought me this dissatisfaction?
In this way, one can actually show how one can build up and damage the three parts of our soul life, and this is extremely important. We see, therefore, that theosophy is something that intervenes deeply, deeply in our lives. It intervenes deeply in our lives because a genuine observation of theosophical principles can make us self-educators, and this is of immense importance for life, but it also becomes increasingly important insofar as the times for human development are over, since humans were guided from above by the gods, from the higher worlds. More and more, people will have to do things themselves, without being guided or directed.
In view of what the Masters have now taught as the working up to Christ, who will appear on the astral plane before the end of this century, a greater understanding of this progress of humanity can only be achieved in this way: Man must increasingly give himself his own impulses for the future. Just as we described yesterday that human beings are gradually working their way up to Christ, so we must gradually perfect our impulses of thought, feeling, and will in freedom. And this can only be achieved through self-control and self-observation. Just as in ancient clairvoyance the impulses were given to humans by the gods, so later, in a new clairvoyance, humans will have to determine their own paths. That is why theosophy is emerging precisely in our time, so that humanity can learn to develop soul qualities in the right way. In this way, humans will then live toward what the future has in store. Only in this way can it be understood what must one day come to pass, namely that those who are clever and immoral will be cast out and rendered harmless.
The qualities mentioned are important for every human being. However, they are such that they are particularly important for those who want to strive in a special way to quickly and rationally acquire the qualities that are becoming increasingly necessary for humanity. That is why it is especially the leaders of humanity who strive to bring about this development in themselves to a very special degree, because only through the highest qualities can the highest be achieved.
This development is exemplified to the highest degree by that individuality who once rose to the dignity of a Bodhisattva—when the previous Bodhisattva Gautama became a Buddha—and who has since been incarnated almost once every hundred years and lived about a hundred years before Christ as Jeshu ben Pandira, the forerunner of Christ. It takes him five thousand years to ascend to the dignity of a Buddha, and this Buddha will then be Maitreya Buddha. He will be a bringer of good, because he has attained, through the strictest self-discipline, those powers which give rise to magical and moral forces, in such a way that he will be able to transmit emotions and morals into souls through the word itself. Today, on the physical plane, we are not yet able to develop words that would be capable of doing this. Even the Maitreya Buddha would not be able to form such magical words today. Today, only thoughts can be transmitted through words.
How does he prepare himself? Above all, by developing to the highest degree those qualities which are called good. The Bodhisattva develops to the highest degree what can be called devotion, serenity in the face of fate, attention to all processes in our environment, devotion to all beings, and insight. And although many lives of the future Buddha are necessary, he exhausts himself in his incarnations mainly in paying attention to what is happening, even if what he is doing now is hardly much, because he is preparing himself completely for his future mission. This is achieved by the fact that a special law exists for this Bodhisattva. We will understand this law when we consider that it is possible for a complete reversal of our soul life to occur at a certain age.
The greatest such reversal that ever took place was at the baptism of John. There it happened that the ego of Jesus left the flesh in the thirtieth year of his life and another ego entered: the ego of Christ, the leader of the sun beings.
The future Maitreya Buddha will experience a similar reversal. But in a completely different way, he relives such a transformation in his incarnations. The Bodhisattva relives the life of Christ, and those who are initiated know that he displays very special characteristics in each incarnation. One will always notice that a tremendous transformation takes place in his life between the ages of thirty and thirty-three. Then, although not in such a powerful way as with Christ, the soul is exchanged: the ego that has animated the body until then leaves during this period, and the Bodhisattva becomes fundamentally a completely different person than he was before, even though, unlike Christ Jesus, his ego does not cease to exist and is not replaced by another ego. This is what all occultists agree on, that one cannot recognize him before this point in time, before this transformation. Until then—even though he is devoted to everything with the keenest interest—his mission will not stand out particularly, and even if the change certainly occurs, one can never say what will happen to him then. The earlier youth is always very different from the period between the ages of thirty and thirty-three, when he undergoes this transformation.
In this way he prepares himself for a great event. It will be like this: the old self will depart, and another self will then enter. And this may be an individuality such as that of Moses, Abraham, or Elijah. This will then be active in this body for some time; through this, what must happen in order to prepare the Maitreya Buddha can come about. He then spends the rest of his life living with this self that enters him.
What happens is therefore a complete change. But what is necessary to recognize the Bodhisattva can happen. And then one knows that when he appears in three thousand years and is raised to the dignity of the Maitreya Buddha, his self will remain in him, but will be permeated inwardly by another individuality. And this will happen precisely in his thirty-third year, in the year in which the mystery of Golgotha was accomplished with Christ. And then he will appear as the teacher of goodness, as a great teacher who will prepare the true teaching of Christ and the true wisdom of Christ in a completely different way than is possible today. Theosophy is to prepare what is to take place on our earth.
Now, someone in our time may take the position that it is good to cultivate the harmful qualities of the emotions, dullness, and so on. But this leads to a loosening of the emotions, to a loosening of the inner soul life, and man will then no longer be able to fulfill his task in life. Therefore, everyone can consider it a special blessing if they can acquire knowledge of future things. Those who have the opportunity today to devote themselves to theosophy enjoy a blessing of karma.
For knowledge of these things means establishing security, devotion, and peace in one's soul, becoming still in one's soul, and looking with confidence and hope toward what lies ahead in the next millennia of human development. All people who are able to know this should regard it as a special blessing, as something that calls forth the highest powers of the human being, something that can kindle like fire everything in the soul that is dying out, in disharmony, or seems to be heading toward decay. Enthusiasm, fire, and inspiration also become health and happiness in the outer life.
Those who seriously acquaint themselves with these things, who can develop the necessary devotion to them, will see what happiness and inner harmony they bring. And if anyone in our society has not yet found this to be true for themselves, they should surrender themselves to the realization that if they have not yet felt this, the fault lies with them. It is up to me to delve deeper into the secrets that can be heard today. It is up to me to feel myself as a human being, as a link in a chain that must stretch from the beginning to the end of development, in which all human beings, individualities, bodhisattvas, Buddhas, and Christ are embedded as links. I must say to myself: “To be a link in this chain is what I feel to be an awareness of my true human dignity. I must sense this, I must feel this.”