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Three Lectures on the Mystery Dramas
GA 127

19 December 1911, Berlin

3. Symbolism and Phantasy in Relation to the Mystery Drama, The Soul's Probation

Let us consider today the second Mystery Drama, The Soul's Probation. You will have noticed that in our various stage performances, and especially in this play, an attempt was made to bring the dramatic happenings into connection with our anthroposophical world view. In this play in particular, we wanted to present on the stage in a very real way the idea of reincarnation and its effect on the human soul. I need not say that the incidents in The Soul's Probation are not simply thought out; they fully correspond with observations of esoteric study in certain ways, so that the scenes are completely realistic in a definite sense of the word. We can discuss this evening first of all the idea that a kind of transition had to be created, leading from Capesius' normal life to his plunge into a former life, into the time when he lived through his previous incarnation.

I have often asked myself since The Soul's Probation was written, what enabled Capesius to build a bridge from his life in a world where he had known—though certainly with a genial spirit—only what is given by external sense perception with a world view bound to the instrument of the brain; how it was, I say, that a bridge could be created from such a world to the one into which he then plunged, which could only be revealed through occult sense organs. I have often asked myself why the fairy tale, with the three figures at the rock spring (Scene Five) had to be the bridge for Capesius. Of course, it was not because of some clever idea or some deliberate decision that the fairy tale was placed just at this point, but simply because imagination brought it about. One could even ask afterward why such a fairy tale is necessary. In connection, then, with The Soul's Probation there came to me certain enlightening points of view about the poetry of fairy tales in general and about poetry in relation to anthroposophy.

A person could well put into practical use in his life the facts implicit in the division of the soul into sentient, intellectual, and consciousness souls, but when he does, riddles of perception will loom up in a simply elemental- emotional way with regard to his place in, and relationship to, the world. These riddles do not allow themselves to be spoken out in our ordinary language, with our ordinary concepts, for the simple reason that we are living today in too intellectual a time to bring to expression in words, or through what is possible in words, the subtle distinctions between the three members of our soul.

It is better to choose a method that will allow the soul's relationship to the world to seem diversified and yet quite definite and clear. What moves through the whole of The Soul's Probation as the connecting link between the events themselves and what is significant in the three figures, Philia, Astrid, and Luna, had to be expressed in delicate outlines; yet this had to call up strong enough soul responses to bring out clearly man's relationship to the world around him. It could be presented in no other way than to show how the telling of the fairy tale about the three women awoke in Capesius' soul, as a definite preparation for his development, the strong urge to descend into those worlds that only now are beginning to be perceived again by human beings as real.

There will now be a recital of the fairy tale, so that we can reflect upon it afterward.


(Scene Five: Tale of the Rockspring Wonder)

Once upon a time there was a boy
who lived—the only child of a poor forester—
within a woodland solitude. He knew
besides his parents hardly any other people.
His build was slender,
his skin almost transparent.
One could look long into his eyes:
they treasured deepest spirit wonders.
And though indeed few people entered
the circle of his life,
he never was in need of friends.
When in the nearby mountains
the golden sunlight glowed and glimmered,
the boy's rapt, musing eye drew forth
the spirit gold into his soul
until his heart resembled
the morning brightness of the sun.—
But when through darkening clouds
the morning sunrays could not pierce
and dreariness hung over mountain heights,
the boy's eye, too, grew dull;
a mood of sadness filled his heart.—
The spirit weaving of his narrow world
took hold of him so fully
that it was no less strange to him
than were his body and his limbs.
The trees and flowers of the woods
were all his friends:
there spoke to him from crown and calyx
and from the lofty tree-tops spirit beings
and what they whispered, he could understand.—
Such wondrous things of worlds unknown
unlocked themselves before the boy
whenever his soul conversed
with what most people would regard as lifeless.
At evening his anxious parents
from time to time missed their beloved child.—
The boy was at a spot nearby
where from the rocks a spring burst forth,
and waterdrops, dispersing thousandfold,
were scattered over stones.
When moonlight's silver glance,
in sparkling colours' sorcery,
was mirrored in the water's misty spray,
the boy could sit for hours on end
beside the rock-born spring.
And figures, formed by spirit-magic,
arose before his youthful vision
in rushing water and in moonlight's glimmer.
They grew into three women's forms
who told him of those things
toward which his soul's desire was turned.—
And when upon a gentle summer night
the boy was sitting at the spring again,
one woman of the three caught up a myriad of drops
out of the glittering spray
and gave them to the second woman.
She fashioned from the tiny drops
a chalice with a silver gleam
and passed it to the third.
She filled it with the moonlight's silver rays
and gave it to the boy,
who had beheld all this
with youthful inner sight.—
Now in the night
which followed this event,
he dreamed that he was robbed
by a fierce dragon of the chalice.
After this night the boy beheld
just three times more the wonder of the spring.
Henceforth the women came no more
although the boy sat musing
beside the rock-born spring in moonlight's silver sheen.
And when three hundred sixty weeks
had run their course three times,
the boy had long become a man
and left his parents' home and forest country
to live in a strange city.
One evening, tired from the day's hard toil,
he pondered on what life had still in store for him,
and suddenly he felt himself a boy,
caught up and carried to his rock-born spring.
Again he could behold the water-women
and this time heard them speak.
The first one said to him:

Remember me at any time
you feel alone in life.
I lure man's eye of soul
to starry spaces and ethereal realms.
And whosoever wills to feel me,
I offer him the draught of hope in life
out of my wonder goblet.—

And then the second spoke:

Do not forget me at the times
when courage in your life is threatened.
I lead man's yearning heart
to depths of soul and up to spirit heights.
And whosoever seeks his strength from me,
for him I forge the steel of faith in life,
shaped by my wonder hammer.—

The third one could be heard:

To me lift up your eye of spirit
when your life's riddles overwhelm you.
I spin the threads of thought that lead
through labyrinths of life and the abyss of soul.
And whosoever harbours trust in me,
for him I weave the living rays of love
upon my wonder loom.—

Thus it befell the man,
and in the night that followed this
he dreamed a dream:
a savage dragon prowled
in circles round about him,—
and yet could not come near him.
He was protected from that dragon by
the beings he had seen beside the rock-born spring
and who with him had left his home
for this far-distant place.

It seems to me that the world of fairy tales can quite rightfully be placed between the external world and everything that in past times man, with his early clairvoyance, could see in the spiritual world; with everything, too, that he can still behold today if, by chance, either through certain abnormal propensities or through a trained clairvoyance, he can raise himself to the spiritual world. Between the world of spirit and the world of outer reality, of intelligence, of the senses, it is the world of the fairy tale that is the most fitting connecting link. It would seem necessary to find an explanation for this position of the fairy tale and the fairy tale mood between these other two worlds.

It is extraordinarily difficult to create the bridge between these spheres, but I realized that a fairy tale itself could construct it. Better than all the theoretical explanations, a simple fairy tale really seems to build this bridge, a tale that one could tell something like this:

Once upon a time there was a poor boy who owned nothing but a clever cat. The cat helped him win great riches by persuading the King that her master possessed an estate so huge, so remarkably beautiful that it would amaze even the King himself. The clever cat brought it about that the King set forth and traveled through several astonishing parts of the country. Everywhere he went, he heard—thanks to the cat's trickery—that all the great fields and strange buildings belonged to the poor boy.

Finally, the King arrived at a magnificent castle, but he came a bit late (as often happens in fairy tales), for it was just the time when the Giant Troll, who was the actual owner of this wonderful place, was returning home from his wanderings over the earth, intending to enter his castle.

The King was inside looking at all its wonders, and so the clever cat stretched herself out in front of the entrance door, for the King must not suspect that everything belonged to the Giant Troll. It was just before dawn that the Giant arrived home and the cat began to tell him a long tale, holding him there at the front door to listen to it. She rattled along about a peasant plowing his field, putting on manure, digging it in, going after the seed he wanted to use, and finally sowing the field. In short, she told him such an endless tale that dawn came and the sun began to rise. The wily cat told the Giant to turn around and look at the Golden Maid of the East whom he surely had never seen before. But when he turned to look, the Giant Troll burst into pieces, for that is what happens to giants and is a law they have to conform to: they may not look at the rising sun. Therefore, through the cat's delaying the Giant, the poor boy actually came into possession of the wonderful palace. The clever cat at first had given her master only hope, but finally, with her tricks, also the great castle and the vast estate.

One can say that this simple little tale is extremely significant for its explanation of fairy tale style today. It is really so that when we look at men and women in their earthly development, we can see what most of them are—those who have developed on earth in the various incarnations they have lived through and are now incarnated. Each one is a “poor boy.” Yes, in comparison to earlier historical epochs, today we are fundamentally “poor boys” who possess nothing but a clever cat. We do, however, it's true, have a clever cat, which is our intelligence, our intellect. Everything the human being has acquired through his senses, whatever he now possesses of the outer world through the intelligence limited to the brain, is absolute poverty in comparison to the whole cosmic world and to what man experienced in the ancient Saturn, Sun, and Moon epochs. All of us are basically “poor boys,” possessing only our intelligence, something that can exert itself a little in order to promise us some imaginary property. In short, our modern situation is like the boy with the clever cat.

Actually, though, we are not altogether the “poor boy”; that is only in relation to our consciousness. Our ego is rooted in the secret depths of our soul life, and these secret depths are connected with endless worlds and endless cosmic happenings, all of which affect our lives and play into them. But each of us who today has become a “poor boy” knows nothing more of this splendor; we can at best, through the cat, through philosophy, explain the meaning and importance of what we see with our eyes or take in with our other senses. When a modern person wants somehow to speak about anything beyond the sense world, or if he wishes to create something that reaches beyond the sense world, he does it, and has been doing it for several hundred years, by means of art and poetry.

Our modern age, which in many ways is a peculiarly transitional one, points up strongly how men and women fail to escape the mood of being “poor boys,” even when they can produce poetry and art in the sense world. For in our time (1911), there is a kind of disbelief in trying to aim toward anything higher in art than naturalism, the purely external mirroring of outer reality. Who can deny that often today when we look at the glittering art and literature expressing the world of reality, we can hear a melancholy sigh, “Oh, it's only delusion; there's no truth in any of it.” Such a mood is all too common in our time. The King of the fairy tale, who lives in each one of us and has his origin in the spiritual world, definitely needs to be persuaded by the clever cat—by the intelligence given to man—that everything growing out of the imagination and awakened by art is truly a genuine human possession. Man is persuaded at first by the King within him but only for a certain length of time. At some point, and today we are living just at the beginning of such a time, it is necessary for human beings to find once more the entrance to the spiritual, divine world. It is today necessary for human beings, and everywhere we can feel an urgency in them, to rise again toward the spheres of the spiritual world.

There has first, however, to be some sort of bridge, and the easiest of all transitions would be a thoughtful activating of the fairy tale mood. The mood of the fairy tale, even in a quite superficial sense, is truly the means to prepare human souls, such as they are today, for the experience of what can shine into them from higher, supersensible worlds. The simple fairy tale, approaching modestly with no pretension of copying everyday reality but leaping grandly over all its laws, provides a preparation in human souls for once more accepting the divine, spiritual worlds. A rough faith in the divine worlds was possible in earlier times because of man's more primitive constitution, which gave him a certain kind of clairvoyance. But in the face of reality today, this kind of faith has to burst into pieces just as the Giant Troll did. Only through clever cat questions and cat tales, spun about everyday reality, can we hold him back. Certainly, we can spin those endless tales of the clever cat to show how here and there external reality is forced toward a spiritual explanation.

In broad philosophical terms, one can spin out a long- winded answer to this or that question only by referring to the spiritual world. One still keeps all this as a kind of memento from earlier times; with it one can succeed in detaining the Giant for a short time. What is with us from earlier times, however, cannot hold its own against the clear language of reality. It will burst into pieces just as the Giant Troll burst, on looking at the rising sun. But one has to recognize this mood of the bursting Giant. It is something that has a relationship to the psychology of the fairy tale. Because I find it impossible to describe such things theoretically, I can get at this psychology only through observing the nature of the human soul. Let me say the following about it.

Think for a moment how there might appear livingly, imaginatively, before someone's soul what we recently described in the lectures about pneumatosophy,1Rudolf Steiner, The Wisdom of Man, of the Soul, and of the Spirit, Anthroposophic Press, Inc., Spring Valley, NY, 1971. depicting briefly some details of the spiritual world. In these anthroposophical circles, we certainly speak a good deal about the spiritual world. Before a person's soul, it should come at first as a living imagination. There would be little explicit description, however, if you intended only to describe what urges itself forward toward the soul, even toward the clairvoyant soul. A queer sort of disharmony comes about when one mixes such truths as those about ancient Saturn, Sun, and Moon conditions, as described in our last three anthroposophical meetings,2Rudolf Steiner, Inner Realities of Evolution, Rudolf Steiner Press, London, 1953. into the dismal, ghostlike thoughts of modern times. Over against those things raised up before the soul, one is aware of man's narrow limits. Those secrets of divine worlds have to be grasped, it would seem, by something in us resembling a troll. A swollen, troll-like giant is what one becomes when trying to catch hold of the pictures of the spiritual world. Before the rising sun, then, one has voluntarily to let the pictures burst in a certain way in order for them to be in accord with the mood of modern times. But you can hold something back; you can hold back just what the “poor boy” held back. For our immediate, present-day soul to be left in possession of something, you need the transformation, the matter-of-fact transformation, of the gigantic content of the world of the imagination into the subtlety of the fairy tale mood. Then the human soul will truly feel like the King who has been guided to look at what the soul, this “poor boy” soul, actually does not possess. Nevertheless, it does come into possession of riches when the gigantic Troll bursts into pieces, when one sacrifices the imaginative world in the face of external reality and draws it into the palace that one's phantasy is able to erect.

In former times, the phantasy of the “poor boy” was nourished by the world of the imagination, but in view of today's soul development this is no longer possible. If, however, we first of all give up the whole world of the imagination and press the whole thing into the subtle mood of the fairy tale, which does not rely on everyday reality, something can remain to us in the fairy tale phantasy that is deep, deep truth. In other words, the “poor boy,” who has nothing but his cat, the clever intellect, finds in the fairy tale mood just what he needs in modern times to educate his soul to enter the spiritual world in a new way.

It therefore seems to me from this point of view to be psychologically right that Capesius, educated so completely in the modern world of ideas, though certainly with quite a spiritual regard for this world, should come to the realm of the fairy tale as something new that will open for him a genuine relationship to the occult world. So there had to be something like a fairy tale written into the scene to form a bridge for Capesius between the world of external reality and the world into which he was to plunge, beholding himself in an earlier incarnation.

What has just been described as a purely personal remark about the reason I had for putting the fairy tale at this very place in the drama coincides with what we can call the history of how fairy tales arose in mankind's development. It agrees wonderfully with the way that fairy tales appeared in human lives. Looking back into earlier epochs of human development, we will find in every prehistoric folk a certain primitive kind of clairvoyance, a capacity to look into the spiritual world. Therefore, we must not only distinguish the two alternating conditions of waking and sleeping in those early times, with a chaotic transition of dream as well, but we must assume in these ancient people a transition between waking and sleeping that was not merely a dream; on the contrary, it was the possibility of looking into reality, living with a spiritual existence. A modern man, awake, is in the world with his consciousness, but only with his sentient consciousness and with his intelligence. He has become as poor as the boy who had nothing but a clever cat. He can also be in the spiritual world in the night, but then he is asleep and is not conscious of it. Between these two conditions, early man had still a third, which conjured something like magnificent pictures before his soul. He lived then in a real world, one that a clairvoyant who has attained the art of clairvoyance also experiences as a world of reality, but not dreamlike or chaotic. Still, ancient man possessed it to such a degree that he could encompass his imaginations with conscious clarity. He lived in these three different conditions. Then, when he felt his soul widening out into the spiritual cosmos, finding its connection with spiritual beings of another kind close to the hierarchies, close to the spiritual beings living in the elements, in earth, water, air, and fire, when he felt his whole being widening out from the narrow limits of his existence, it must have been for him, in these in-between conditions, like the Giant who nevertheless burst into pieces when the sun rose and he had to wake up.

These descriptions are not at all unrealistic. Because today one no longer feels the full weight of words, you might think the words “burst into pieces” are put there more or less carelessly, just as a word often is merely added to another. But the bursting into pieces actually describes a specific fact. There came to the ancient human being, after he had felt his soul growing out into the entire universe and then, with the coming of the Golden Maid of the Morning, had had to adapt his eyes to everyday reality, there came to him the everyday reality like a painful blow thrusting away what he had just seen. The words really describe the fact.

But within us there is a genuine King, which is a strong and effective part of our human nature; he would never let himself be prevented from carrying something into our world of ordinary reality out of that world in which the soul has its roots. What is thus carried into our everyday world is the projection or reflection of experience; it is the world of phantasy, a real phantasy, not the fantastic, which simply throws together a few of the rags and tatters of life, but it is true phantasy, which lives deep in the soul and which can be urged out of there into every phase of creating. Naturalistic phantasy goes in the opposite direction from genuine phantasy. Naturalistic phantasy picks up a motif here and a motif there, seeks the patterns for every kind of art from everyday reality and stitches these rags of reality together like patchwork. This is the one and only method in periods of decadent art.

With the kind of phantasy that is the reflection of true imagination, there is something at work of unspecified form, not this shape nor that, and not yet aware of what the outer forms will be that it wants to create. It feels urged on by the material itself to create from within outward. There will then appear, like a darkening of the light-process, what inclines itself in devotion to external reality as image-rich, creatively structured art. It is exactly the opposite process from the one so often observed in today's art work. From an inner center outward everything moves toward this true phantasy, which stands behind our sense reality as a spiritual fact, an imaginative fact. What comes about is phantasy-reality, something that can grow and develop lawfully out of divine, spiritual worlds into our own reality, the lawful possession, one can say, of the poor lad—modern man—limited as he is to the poverty of the outer sense world.

Of all the forms of literature the fairy tale is certainly least bound to outer reality. If we look at sagas, myths, and legends, we will find features in all of them that follow only supersensible laws, but these are actually immersed in the laws of external reality as they leave the spiritual and go into the outside world just as the source material, historical or history-related, is connected to a historical figure. Only the fairy tale does not allow itself to be manipulated around real figures; it stays quite free of them. It can use everything it finds of ordinary reality and has always used it. Therefore, it is the fairy tale that is the purest child of ancient, primitive clairvoyance; it is a sort of return payment for that early clairvoyance. Let old Sober-sides, the pedant who never gets beyond his academic point of view, fail to perceive this. It doesn't matter; he needn't perceive it. The simple fact is that for every truth he hears, he asks, “Does it agree with reality?”

A person like Capesius is searching above everything else for truth. He finds no satisfaction in the question, “Does it agree with reality?” For he tells himself, “Is a matter of truth completely explained when you can say that it accords with the external world?” Things can really be true, and true and true again, as well as correct, and correct and ever correct, and still have as little relationship to reality as the truth of the little boy sent to buy rolls from the village baker. He figured out correctly that he would get five rolls for his ten kreuzers, but his figuring did not accord with reality; he practiced the same kind of thinking as the pedant who philosophizes about reality. You see, in that village, if you bought five rolls, you got an extra one thrown in—nothing to do with philosophy or logic, just plain reality.

In the same way Capesius is not interested in the question of how this or that idea or concept accords with reality. He asks first what the human soul perceives when it forms for itself a certain concept. The human soul, for one thing, perceives in mere external, everyday reality nothing more than emptiness, dryness, the tendency in itself continually to die. That is why Capesius so often needs the refreshment of Dame Felicia's fairy tales, needs exactly what is least true to outer reality but has substance that is real and is not necessarily true in the ordinary sense of the word. This substance of the fairy tale prepares him to find his way into the occult world.

In the fairy tale, there is something left to us humans that is like a grandchild of the clairvoyant experience of ancient human beings. It is within a form that is so lawful that no one who allows it to pour into his soul demands that its details accord with external reality. In fairy tale phantasy the poor boy, who has only a clever cat, has really also a palace obtruding directly into external reality. For every age, therefore, fairy tales can be a wonderful, spiritual nourishment. When we tell a child the right fairy tale, we enliven the child's soul so that it is led toward reality without always remaining glued to concepts true to everyday logic; such a relationship to reality dries up the soul and leaves it desolate. On the other hand, the soul can stay fresh and lively and able to penetrate the whole organism if, perceiving in the lawful figures of a fairy tale what is real in the highest sense of the word, it is lifted up far above the ordinary world. Stronger in life, comprehending life more vigorously, will be the person who in childhood has had fairy tales working their way into his soul.

For Capesius, fairy tales stimulate imaginative knowledge. What works and weaves from them into his soul is not their content, not their plot, but rather how they take their course, how one motif moves into the next. A motif may induce certain powers of soul to strive upward, a second motif persuades other powers to venture downward, still others will induce the soul forces to mingle and intertwine upward and downward. It is through this that Capesius' soul comes into active movement; out of his soul will then emerge what enables him finally to see into the spiritual world. For many people, a fairy tale can be more stimulating than anything else. We will find in those that originated in earlier times motifs that show elements of ancient clairvoyance. The first tales did not begin by someone thinking them out; only the theories of modern professors of folklore explaining fairy tales begin like that. Fairy tales are never thought out; they are the final remains of ancient clairvoyance, experienced in dreams by human beings who still had that power. What was seen in a dream was told as a story—for instance, “Puss in Boots,” one version of which I have just related. All the fairy tales in existence are thus the last remnants of that original clairvoyance. For this reason, a genuine fairy tale can be created only when—consciously or unconsciously—an imagination is present in the soul of the teller, an imagination that projects itself into the soul. Otherwise, it is not a true fairy tale. Any sort of thought-out tale can never be genuine. Here and there today, when a real fairy tale is created, it arises only because an ardent longing has awakened in the writer toward those ancient times mankind lived through so long ago. The longing exists, although sometimes it creeps into such secret soul crevices that the writer fails to recognize in what he can create consciously how much is rising out of these hidden soul depths, and also how much is disfigured by what he creates out of his modern consciousness.

Here I should like to point out the following. Nothing put into poetic form can actually ever be grounded in truth unless it turns essentially to such a longing—a longing that has to be satisfied and that longs for the ancient clairvoyant penetration into the world, or unless it can use a new, genuine clairvoyance that does not need to reveal itself completely but can flash up in the hidden depths of the soul, casting only a many-hued shadow. This relationship still exists. How many people today still feel the necessity of rhyme? Where there is rhyme, how many people feel how necessary it is? Today there is that dreadful method of reciting poetry that suppresses the rhyme as far as possible and emphasizes the meaning, that is, whatever accords with external reality. But this element of poetry—rhyme—belongs to the stage of the development of language that existed at the time when the aftereffects of the ancient clairvoyance still prevailed.

Indeed, the end-rhyme belongs to the peculiar condition of soul expressing itself since man entered upon his modern development through the culture of the intellectual or feeling soul (Verstandes- oder Gemütsseele). Actually, the time in which the intellectual or feeling soul arose in men in the fourth post-Atlantean cultural epoch (747 B.C. to 1413 A.D.) is just the time when in poetry the memory dawned of earlier times that reach back into the ancient imaginative world. This dawning memory found its expression in the regular formation of the end- rhyme for what was lighting up in the intellectual or feeling soul; it was cultivated primarily by what developed in the fourth post-Atlantean epoch.

On the other hand, wherever the culture of the fourth epoch had penetrated, there was an incomparable refreshment through the effects of Christianity and the Mystery of Golgotha. It was this that poured into the European sentient soul. In the northern reaches of Europe, the culture of the sentient soul had remained in a backward state, waiting for a higher stage, the intellectual soul culture that advanced from the Mediterranean and Southern Europe. This took place over the whole period of the fourth epoch and beyond, in order that what had developed in Central and Southern Europe, and in the Near East, could enter into the ancient sentient soul culture of Central Europe. There it could absorb the strength of will, the energy of will that comes to expression chiefly in the sentient soul culture. Thus, we see the end-rhyme regularly at home in the poetry of the South, and for the culture of the will that has already taken up Christianity, the other kind of rhyme—alliteration—as the appropriate mode of expression. In the alliterations of Northern and Central Europe we can feel the rolling, circling will pouring into the culture of the fourth epoch at its height, the culture of the intellectual or feeling soul.

It is astonishing that poets who want to bring to life, out of primeval soul forces in themselves, the memory of some primeval force in a particular sphere sometimes point back to the past in a quite haphazard fashion. This is the case with Wilhelm Jordan.3Wilhelm Jordan (1819-1904), Nibelungen, Canto One, Sigfridsage. In his Nibelungen he wished to renew the ancient alliterations, and he achieved a remarkable effect as he wandered about like a bard, trying to resurrect the old mode of expression. People did not quite know what to make of it, because nowadays, in this intellectual time of ours, they think of speech as an expression only of meaning. People listen for the content of speech, not the effect that the sentient soul wants to obtain with alliteration, or that the intellectual soul wants to achieve with the end-rhyme. The consciousness soul really can no longer use any kind of rhyme; a poet today must find other devices.

Fräulein von Sivers [Marie Steiner] will now let us hear a short example of alliteration that will characterize how the artist, Wilhelm Jordan, wished to bring about the renewal of ancient modes.

Und es nahten die Nomen, von niemand gesehen,
Zu geräuschlosem Reigen und machten die Runde
Um diese Verlobten. Ein leiser Lufthauch,
Das war die Meinung der Minneberauschten,
Winde sich murmelnd herein zum Kamine;
Doch hinunter zur Nachtwelt, zu Nibelheims Tiefen,
Und hinauf zu den Wolken zu Walhalls Bewohnern
Erklang nun für andere als irdische Ohren
Vernehmlich wie Seesturm der Nomen Gesang:

Dein eigen ist alles,
Dein Heil wie dein Unheil,
Dein Wollen und Wähnen,
Dein Sinnen und Sein.
Wohl kommen, gekettet
In ewige Ordnung
Die Larven des Lebens,
Die Scharen des Scheins.
Sie ziehen die Zirkel,
Sie zeigen die
Ziele,
Sie impfen den Abscheu,
Sie wecken den Wunsch;
Doch dein ist das Dünken,
Und wie du geworden,
So wirst du dich wenden,
Wir wissen die Wahl.

Rough English Translation

And the Norns then came nearer but no one could see them;
In soft silent steps they circled and swayed
Around the Betrothed—who, burning with love,
Thought a breath of sweet air was blowing about them;
While down to the night-world, in Nibelheim's nethermost,
And high in the heav'ns to the hosts of Valhalla
The Norns sang their song, for other than earth-ears
As clear as the clamorous raging of sea storms:

All is thine own:
Thy healing or hating,
Desires or delusions,
Thy thought and thy life.
Chained will come, cheerless,
In order eternal,
The hosts of the hidden,
The Larva of Life.
They mark out their measures,
They forecast fulfillment,
They implant raging passion,
Awaken the will.
Yet thine is the thinking,
The fashioning, forming,
The testing and turning:
We challenge thy choice.

Wilhelm Jordan really did bring the alliteration to life when he recited his poetry, but it is something that a modern person no longer can relate to completely. In order to agree sympathetically with what Jordan proposed as a kind of platform for his intentions,4In the 1925 German edition of this lecture there is the following footnote: “Translated into the language of spiritual science, one could say that Jordan wished instinctively to revive for the consciousness soul as poetry what the sentient soul had earlier developed quite naturally.” one has to experience those ancient times imaginatively in those of the present. It is much like bringing to mind all the happenings of these last few days in our auditorium in the Architektenhaus during the Annual Meeting,5December 10, 1911. Discussions took place on December 12, 14, 15. and perceiving them shrouded in astral currents that make visible what was spoken there. Then one can also discover that what in these days repeatedly played into our efforts for knowledge and understanding is the pictorial expression of a Jordan idea; that is, one could rightly understand what he set up as a kind of program to revive a mood that had held sway in the old Germanic world:

... der Sprache Springquell ...
Bedarf nur der Leitung, um lauter und lieblich
Mit rauschendem Redestrom bis zum Rande
Der Vorzeit Gefäße wieder zu füllen
Und new zu verjüngen nach taus
end Jahren
Die wundergewaltige uralte Weise
Der deutschen Dichtkunst.

(The source of speech requires only guidance to fill again to the brim the ancient vessels with rushing streams of verse, sonorous and beautiful; and after a thousand years to bring anew to life the wonder and the power of the ancient German art of poetry.)

But to attain this goal, an ear is needed that can perceive the sounds of speech. This belongs intrinsically to the imaginations of the ancient clairvoyant epoch, for it was then that the feeling for sounds originated. But what is a speech sound? It is itself an imagination, an imaginative idea.

As long as you say Licht (light) and Luft (air) and can think only of the brightness of the one and the wafting movement of the other, you have not yet an imagination. But the words themselves are imaginations. As soon as you can feel their imaginative power, you will perceive in a word like Licht, with the vowel sound “ee” predominating, a radiant, unbounded brightness; in Luft, with its vowel sound “oo,” a wholeness, an abundance. Because a ray of light is a thin fullness and the air an abundant fullness, the alliterating “I” expresses the family relationship of fullness. It is not unimportant whether you put together words that alliterate, such as Licht and Luft, or do not alliterate; it is not unimportant whether you string together the names of brothers or whether you put them together in such a way that the hearer or reader feels that cosmic will has brought them together, as in Gunther, Gemot, Giselher. Such an ancient imagination the sentient soul could perceive in the alliteration.

In the end-rhyme the intellectual soul could recognize itself as part of the ancient imagination. When language is made alive, its effects can be felt in the soul even into our dreams, where it can secrete certain imaginations for a person to become aware of in dream. These imaginations appear also to clairvoyance, correctly characterizing, for instance, the four elements. It does not always hold good, but if someone truly feels what, for example, Licht and Luft are, and lets this enter into a dream, there often blossoms out of the dream-fantasy something that can lead to a characterization of those elements, light and air. Human beings will not become aware of the secrets of language until it is led back to its origin, led back, in fact, to imaginative perception. Language actually originated in the time when man was not yet a “poor boy” but also when man had not yet a clever cat. In a way, he still lived attached to the Giant, imagination, and out of the Giant's limbs he was aware of the audible imagination imbuing each sound. When a tone is laid hold of by the imagination, then the sound originates, the actual sound of speech.

These are the things I wanted to bring to you today, in a rather unpretentious and disconnected way, in order to show how we must bring to life again what mankind once lost but that has been rescued for our time. Just as Capesius wins his way to it, we must win it back, so that human beings can grow rightly into the era just ahead of us and find their way into higher worlds, thus truly to participate in them.

Die Symbolik Und Die Phantasie Mit Bezug Auf Das Mysterium «Die Prüfung Der Seele»

Wir wollen heute anknüpfen an das zweite unserer Mysterienspiele, an «Die Prüfung der Seele».

Sie werden gesehen haben, daß es sich bei all diesen Darstellungen, hauptsächlich aber bei der «Prüfung der Seele», um den Versuch handelt, dramatische Vorgänge an unsere geisteswissenschaftliche Weltanschauung heranzubringen. Insbesondere in dieser «Prüfung der Seele» ist versucht worden, die Wiederverkörperungsidee in ihrem Hineinwirken in das menschliche Seelenleben real zur Darstellung zu bringen. Ich brauche wohl nicht zu bemerken, daß die Vorgänge in der «Prüfung der Seele» nicht rein ausgedacht sind, sondern tatsächlich den Beobachtungen des okkulten Lebens in einer gewissen Weise voll entsprechen, so daß also die Darstellung in einem gewissen Sinne voll realistisch ist. Was zunächst zur Sprache kommen soll, ist für den heutigen Abend ein Blick auf den Umstand, daß es nötig geworden ist, eine Art Übergang zu schaffen von dem bisherigen Leben des Capesius zu der Versenkung des Capesius in ein vorzeitliches Leben, in eine Zeit, in welcher er selbst eine vorhergehende Inkarnation durchgemacht hat.

Ich habe mich oftmals selber, seit diese «Prüfung der Seele» fertig geworden ist, gefragt, was für Capesius den Übergang bilden kann aus seinem Leben in einer Welt, in welcher er nur dasjenige gekannt hat — wenn auch in einer geistvollen Weise —, was die äußere Sinnesanschauung und diejenige Anschauung der Welt bietet, welche an das Instrument des Gehirnes gebunden ist, was, sage ich, für ihn den Übergang bilden kann aus einer solchen Welt in die Welt, in welche er sich dann versenkt, welche man sich nur durch die okkulten Sinnesorgane erschließen kann? Ich habe mich oft gefragt, warum das Märchen mit den drei Gestalten einen solchen Übergang für Capesius bilden muß. Denn selbstverständlich ist nicht aus irgendeinem Verstandesbegriff oder aus irgendeiner Überlegung heraus das Märchen an diese Stelle gestellt, sondern weil es die Phantasie so ergeben hat. Fragen kann man sich höchstens hinterher, warum ein solches Märchen notwendig geworden ist? Und es ergaben sich mir in einer Anknüpfung an die «Prüfung der Seele» Gesichtspunkte, die mir aufklärend erscheinen überhaupt über die Märchenpoesie und über die Poesie im Zusammenhange namentlich mit der anthroposophischen Weltanschauung.

Wenn der Mensch einmal praktisch in sein eigenes Leben die Tatsache einführen wird, die zum Ausdruck kommt in der Gliederung der Seele in Empfindungsseele, Verstandes- oder Gemütsseele und Bewußtseinsseele, dann werden sich ihm rein elementar-gefühlsmäßig in bezug auf seine Stellung, sein Verhältnis zur Welt gewisse Empfindungsrätsel ergeben; Rätsel, die sich gar nicht aussprechen lassen in unserer gewöhnlichen Sprache und unseren gewöhnlichen Begriffsformen, aus dem einfachen Grunde nicht, weil wir heute doch in einer zu intellektualistischen Zeit leben, um durch das Wort und durch alles, was durch das Wort möglich ist, jene feinen Beziehungen zum Ausdruck zu bringen, die sich ergeben zwischen den drei Seelengliedern. Das kann man viel eher, wenn man ein Mittel wählt, durch welches die Beziehung der Seele zur Welt selber als eine vieldeutige und dennoch als eine ganz bestimmte und ausgesprochene erscheint. Was durch die ganze «Prüfung der Seele» hindurch spielt als eine Beziehung aller Vorgänge zu dem, was in den drei Gestalten Philia, Astrid und Luna ausgedrückt ist, das bedurfte eines Ausdruckes in nicht scharfen Konturen, der aber dennoch durch bestimmte seelische Kraftwirkungen etwas hat, was das Verhältnis des Menschen zur Welt anschaulich machen kann. Und das konnte auf keine andere Weise gegeben werden, als indem gezeigt wurde, wie durch die Erzählung dieses Märchens von den drei Gestalten in Capesius’ Seele hervorgerufen wird ein ganz bestimmter Drang, ein ganz bestimmter Vorgang, der ihn reif macht, nun hinunterzusteigen in diejenigen Welten, die erst jetzt wieder beginnen, reale, wirkliche Welten für den Menschen zu werden.

Es soll nun zunächst dieses Märchen zur Darstellung gebracht werden, damit dann die Betrachtung an dieses Märchen angeknüpft werden kann.

Es war einmal ein Knabe,
Der wuchs als armer Förstersleute einzig Kind
In Waldeseinsamkeit heran. —
Er lernte außer seinen Eltern
Nur wenig Menschen kennen.
Er war von schwachem Gliederbau:
Durchscheinend fast war seine Haut.
Man konnte lang ins Aug’ ihm schaun;
Es barg die tiefsten Geisteswunder.
Und wenn auch wenig Menschen nur
Des Knaben Lebenskreis betraten,
Es fehlte ihm an Freunden nicht.
Wenn in den nahen Bergen
Erglühte golden Sonnenhelle,
Dann sog des Knaben sinnend Auge
Das Geistesgold in seine Seele ein:
Und seines Herzens Wesen,
Es ward so morgensonnengleich.
Doch wenn durch finstre Wolken
Der Morgensonne Strahl nicht drang
Und düstre Stimmung alle Berge überzog,
Da ward des Knaben Auge trüb
Und wehmutvoll sein Herz - —.
So war er hingegeben ganz
Dem Geistesweben seiner engen Welt,
Die er nicht fremder fühlte seinem Wesen
Als seines Leibes Glieder.
Es waren ihm ja Freunde auch
Des Waldes Bäume und die Blumen;
Es sprachen Geisteswesen aus den Kronen,
Den Kelchen und den Wipfeln -,
Verstehen konnte er ihr Raunen - —.
Geheimer Welten Wunderdinge
Erschlossen sich dem Knaben,
Wenn seine Seele sich besprach
Mit dem, was leblos nur
Den meisten Menschen gilt.
Und sorgend oft vermißten abendlich
Die Eltern den geliebten Sprossen. —
An einem nahen Orte war er dann,
Wo aus den Felsen eine Quelle drang
Und tausendfach zerstäubend
Die Wassertropfen über Steine sprengte.
Wenn Mondeslichtes Silberglanz
In Farbenfunkelspielen zauberhaft
Sich spiegelt’ in des Wassers Tropfenstrom,
Da konnt’ der Knabe stundenlang
Am Felsenquell verharren.
Und Formen, geisterhaft gebildet,
Erstanden vor dem Knabenseherblick
Im Wassertreiben und im Mondenlichtgeflimmer.
Zu dreien Frauenbildern wurden sie,
Die ihm von jenen Dingen sprachen,
Nach denen seiner Seele Trieb gerichtet. —
Und als in einer milden Sommernacht
Der Knabe wieder an der Quelle saß,
Ergriff der Frauen eine viele tausend Stäubchen
Des bunten Wassertropfenwesens
Und reichte sie der zweiten Frau.
Die formte aus den Tropfenstäubchen
Ein silberglänzend Kelchgefäß
Und reichte es der dritten Frau.
Die füllte es mit Mondessilberlicht
Und gab es so dem Knaben.
Der hatte alles dies geschaut
Mit seinem Knabenseherblick. —
Ihm träumte in der Nacht,
Die dem Erlebnis folgte,
Wie er beraubt des Kelches
Durch einen wilden Drachen ward.
Nach dieser Nacht erlebte jener Knabe
Nur dreimal noch das Quellenwunder.
Dann blieben ihm die Frauen fort,
Auch wenn der Knabe sinnend saß
Am Felsenquell im Mondensilberlicht.
Und als dreihundertsechzig Wochen
Zum dritten Mal verstrichen waren,
War längst der Knabe Mann geworden
Und von dem Elternhause und dem Waldesgrund
In eine fremde Stadt gezogen.
Da sann er eines Abends,
Von harter Arbeit müde,
Was ihm das Leben wohl noch bringen möge.
Es fühlte sich der Knabe plötzlich
Nach seinem Felsenquell entrückt;
Und wieder konnte er die Wasserfrauen schauen.
Und dieses Mal sie sprechen hören.
Es sagte ihm die erste:
Gedenke meiner jeder Zeit,
Wenn einsam du dich fühlst im Leben.
Ich lock’ des Menschen Seelenblick
In Atherfernen und in Sternenweiten,
Und wer mich fühlen will,
Dem reiche ich den Lebenshoffnungstrank
Aus meinem Wunderbecher. —
Und auch die zweite sprach:
Vergiß mich nicht in Augenblicken,
Die deinem Lebensmute drohen.
Ich lenk’ des Menschen Herzenstriebe
In Seelengründe und auf Geisteshöhn.
Und wer die Kräfte sucht bei mir,
Dem schmiede ich die Lebensglaubensstärke
Mit meinem Wunderhammer. —
Die dritte ließ sich so vernehmen:
Zu mir erheb’ dein Geistesauge,
Wenn Lebensrätsel dich bestürmen.
Ich spinne die Gedankenfäden
In Lebenslabyrinthen und in Seelentiefen,
nd wer zu mir Vertrauen hegt,
Dem wirke ich die Lebensliebesstrahlen
Auf meinem Wunderwebestuhl. — — —
Es träumt’ in jener Nacht,
Die dem Erlebnis folgte,
Dem Manne, daß ein wilder Drache
In Kreisen um ihn her sich schlich
Und nicht ihm nahen konnte:
Es schützten ihn vor jenem Drachen
Die Wesen, die er einst am Felsenquell geschaut
Und die aus seiner Heimat
Mit ihm zum fremden Ort gezogen waren.

Die Märchenstimmung ist, wie mir scheint, überhaupt etwas, was sich in einer voll berechtigten Weise hineinstellt zwischen die äußere Welt und all das, was der Mensch einstmals in der alten Zeit des ursprünglichen menschlichen Hellsehens in den geistigen Welten schaute, was er auch heute noch schauen kann, wenn er sich etwa durch besondere abnorme Anlagen oder durch ein regelrecht geschultes Hellsehertum zu den geistigen Welten erheben kann. Zwischen dieser Welt und der Welt der äußeren Wirklichkeit und des Verstandes und der Sinne ist die Welt des Märchens vielleicht das allerberechtigtste Zwischenglied. Es scheint mir notwendig, eine gewisse Erklärung zu finden für die ganze Stellung des Märchens und der Märchenstimmung zwischen diesen Welten. Nun ist es außerordentlich schwierig, die Brücke zwischen diesen beiden Gebieten wirklich zu schlagen. Aber da kam es mir vor Augen, als wenn sie durch ein Märchen selber zu schlagen wäre. Und besser als alle theoretischen Erklärungen scheint mir ein sehr einfaches Märchen diese Brücke wirklich zu schlagen, das man etwa so erzählen könnte:

Es war einmal ein armer Bursche. Der hatte eine kluge Katze. Und die kluge Katze verhalf dem armen Burschen, der nichts hatte außer ihr selber, zu einem großen Besitz. Sie bewirkte es nämlich, daß man dem Könige hinterbrachte, der arme Bursche hätte einen großen, wunderschönen, merkwürdigen Besitz, den sogar ein König mit Neugierde betrachten könnte. Und die kluge Katze brachte es dahin, daß der König sich aufmachte und durch allerlei höchst merkwürdige Gegenden fuhr. Überall wurde dem König weisgemacht, durch die Veranstaltungen der klugen Katze, daß der weite Besitz von Gefilden und von allerlei Baulichkeiten höchst merkwürdigster Art diesem Burschen gehöre. Da kam der König zuletzt auch noch zu einem großen zauberhaften Schloß. Aber er kam für die Verhältnisse, die im Märchen spielen, etwas spät. Denn schon war die Zeit herangerückt, wo der große Riese oder Troll nach Hause heimkehrte von der Weltenwanderung und wieder hineingehen wollte in den Palast, der eigentlich diesem Riesen gehörte. Der König war eben in dem Palast und wollte sich alles Zauberhafte und Wundersame anschauen. Da legte sich denn die kluge Katze vor die Tür hin, damit der König nicht merke, daß das alles dem Riesen gehöre, dem Troll. Da der Riese heimkehrte gegen die Morgenstunde, begann die Katze dem Riesen eine Geschichte zu erzählen, von der sie ihm klarmachte, daß er sie anhören müßte. Und sie erzählte ihm mit großer Geschwätzigkeit, wie der Bauer sein Feld pflügt, wie er seinen Acker düngt, wie er dann wieder umpflügen muß, wie er dann die Samen holt, die er in den Acker streuen will, wie er dann die Samen in den Acker bringt. Kurz, sie erzählte ihm eine so lange Geschichte, daß es Morgen wurde und die Sonne aufging. Und da sagte die kluge Katze, jetzt müsse der Riese, der doch noch niemals die goldene Jungfrau im Osten gesehen hat, bleiben und sich die goldene Jungfrau ansehen, müsse sich die Sonne ansehen. Aber - so ist es nach einem Gesetz, dem die Riesen unterstehen - als der Riese sich umdrehte und die Sonne ansah, da zerplatzte er. Und die Folge war, daß jetzt tatsächlich durch die Hintanhaltung des Riesen der Palast dem armen Burschen zugefallen war. Und er hatte nicht nur durch die Machinationen der klugen Katze all den Besitz, den sie ihm vorher nur zugesprochen hatte, sondern er besaß jetzt wirklich den Riesenpalast und alles, was dazugehörte.

Man kann sagen: Eigentlich muß man das kleine, anspruchslose Märchen wirklich außerordentlich bezeichnend finden, man möchte sagen für die Welthistorik der Märchenstimmung in unserer Zeit. Denn wahrhaftig, wenn wir den Menschen in seiner Entwickelung im Erdengange betrachten, so sind unter allen Menschen, die sich auf der Erde entwickelt haben, oder von allen Inkarnationen, durch welche Menschen hindurchgegangen sind, oder unter den gegenwärtig inkarnierten Seelen die meisten das, was man mit dem armen Burschen vergleichen kann. Ja, wir sind im Grunde genommen in unserer Gegenwart, im Verhältnis zu den anderen Zeiten, wirklich der arme Bursche und haben nichts als eine kluge Katze. Aber die kluge Katze haben wir ganz zweifellos. Denn die kluge Katze ist gerade unser Verstand, unser Intellekt. Und das, was der Mensch gegenwärtig durch seine Sinne besitzt, was er für die äußere Welt hat durch den Verstand, der an das Gehirn gebunden ist, ist wahrhaftig im Verhältnisse zu der gesamten kosmischen Welt, zu alledem, was der Mensch durchgemacht hat durch die Saturn-, Sonnen- und Mondenzeit, etwas recht Armseliges. Der arme Bursche sind wir im Grunde genommen alle, und nur unseren Verstand haben wir, der sich ein wenig hermachen kann, um einen gewissen imaginären Besitz uns zuzusprechen. Kurz, wir sind in der gegenwärtigen Lage der arme Bursche, und wir haben die kluge Katze. Aber wir sind nicht bloß der arme Bursche. Wir sind es für unser Bewußtsein. Unser Ich aber wurzelt in verborgenen Tiefen des Seelenlebens. Diese verborgenen Tiefen des Seelenlebens hängen zusammen mit unzähligen Welten und unzähligen kosmischen Geschehnissen. Die alle spielen herein in das Menschenleben. Nur ist der Mensch der Gegenwart ein armer Bursche geworden und weiß von dem allem nichts mehr, kann sich höchstens durch die kluge Katze, durch die Philosophie, allerlei erklären lassen über den Sinn und die Bedeutung dessen, was er mit den Augen sieht oder mit den sonstigen Sinnen wahrnimmt. Und wenn dann der Mensch in der Gegenwart doch von irgend etwas sprechen will, was über die Sinneswelt hinausgeht, wenn er sich irgend etwas verschaffen will, was über die Sinnenwelt hinausgeht, dann tut er es- und er tut es schon seit vielen Jahrhunderten - in der Kunst und in der Dichtung.

Aber gerade unsere Zeit — diese in vieler Beziehung so merkwürdige Übergangszeit — zeigt uns so recht, wie der Mensch doch sich nicht viel hinausfühlt über die Stimmung des armen Burschen, auch wenn er Dichtung und Kunst in die gegenwärtige Welt der Sinne hereinstellen kann, wie sie ihm gegeben ist. Denn in unserer Zeit strebten die Menschen aus einem gewissen Unglauben an die höhere Kunst und an die höhere Dichtung hin zum Naturalismus, zu einer rein äußerlich gehaltenen Wiedergabe der äußeren Wirklichkeit. Und wer möchte leugnen, daß unsere Zeit etwas von jener Stimmung hat, die, wenn im Glanze der Kunst und der Dichtung die Wirklichkeit dargestellt wird, doch immer wieder seufzt: Ach, das alles sind doch Scheingebilde, das alles ist doch keine Wahrheit. — Wieviel hat nicht unsere Zeit von einer solchen Stimmung? So daß in der Tat der König im Menschen, der urständet aus der geistigen, aus der spirituellen Welt heraus, gar sehr der Überredung bedarf durch die kluge Katze, durch den Verstand, der dem heutigen Menschen gegeben ist, um einzusehen, wie dasjenige, was der Phantasie erwächst und erwacht in der Kunst, doch in einer gewissen Weise wahrer Menschenbesitz ist. Überredet wird der Mensch, der König im Menschen zunächst. Aber das taugt doch eigentlich nicht viel, taugt nur für eine gewisse Weile. Es kommt dann an den Menschen in einer Zeit — wir leben jetzt gerade am Ausgangspunkte dieser Zeit — die Notwendigkeit heran, wieder den Zugang zu finden zu der höheren, geistigen, zu der eigentlichen spirituellen Welt. Es kommt an den Menschen heran, und überall ist heute zu fühlen, wie an den Menschen dieser Drang herankommt, wieder aufzusteigen in die Sphären der geistigen Welt.

Da muß ein gewisser Übergang eintreten. Und es ist kaum durch irgend etwas anderes dieser Übergang in leichterer Weise zu machen als durch eine sinngemäße Wiederbelebung der Märchenstimmung. Die Märchenstimmung hat wirklich, rein äußerlich gesprochen, das an sich, was es dem Menschen der Gegenwart am allerleichtesten macht, seine Seele vorzubereiten auf das Erleben solcher Ereignisse, die hereinleuchten aus höheren, übersinnlichen Welten. Gerade die Art und Weise, wie das Märchen anspruchslos vor uns hintritt und zunächst nicht den Anspruch darauf macht, in irgendeinem Zuge Abbild der äußeren Wirklichkeit zu sein, sondern wie das Märchen kühn sich hinwegsetzt über alle äußeren Gesetze der äußeren Wirklichkeit, gibt aus dem Märchen heraus die Möglichkeit, die menschliche Seelenstimmung vorzubereiten für das Wiederempfangen der höheren, geistigen Welt. Der grobe Glaube, der für die geistige Welt in der alten Zeit dadurch erreicht worden ist, daß die Menschen noch auf einer primitiveren Stufe standen und ein gewisses Hellsehen in ihrer Seele war, muß zerplatzen wie der Riese Troll vor einer äußeren Wirklichkeit. Man kann ihn nur hinhalten durch die klugen Katzenfragen und durch die Katzenerzählungen, die man breit über die äußere Wirklichkeit hinspinnt. Gewiß, man kann lange an so klugen Katzenerzählungen spinnen und zeigen, wie da und dort die Wirklichkeit notwendig macht, daß man zu geistigen Erklärungen seine Zuflucht nimmt. Man kann in breiter Philosophie ausspinnen, wie da und dort manche Frage nur durch das Beziehen auf die geistige Welt beantwortet werden kann. Da behält man etwas wie ein Andenken aus alter Zeit. Man hält den Riesen durch das, was aus den alten Zeiten stammt, eine Weile hintan. Aber gegenüber der klaren Sprache der Wirklichkeit wird das, was aus der alten Zeit geblieben ist, nicht standhalten können, das zerplatzt wie der Riese gegenüber der aufgehenden Sonne. Aber diese Stimmung, das Zerplatzen des Riesen, muß man erst kennen. Und hier berühren wir etwas, wodurch die Psychologie des Märchens in einer gewissen Weise gegeben werden kann. Ich kann diese Dinge nicht theoretisch auseinandersetzen, ich kann das Psychologische des Märchens nur durch Seelenbetrachtung auseinandersetzen und möchte dazu folgendes sagen.

Denken Sie sich einmal, es stünden in lebendiger Imagination, wie wir das jetzt auch wieder skizzenhaft in den Vorträgen über Pneumatosophie geschildert haben, mancherlei von den Gebilden der geistigen Welt vor irgendeiner Seele. Gewiß, wir in dem Gebiet der Anthroposophie erzählen vieles aus den geistigen Welten. Das muß lebendig zunächst vor irgendwelcher Seele stehen. Aber es käme nicht viel zustande für die äußere Darstellung, wenn man nur das darstellen wollte, was sich da vor die Seele hindrängt, auch vor die hellseherische Seele. Es kommt eine merkwürdige Disharmonie in der Seele heraus, nicht nur wenn man in die grauenvollen Gespinste des gegenwärtigen Gedankens hineingeheimnissen soll solche Wahrheiten, wie sie hier in unserem Zweige in den letzten drei Stunden über die Saturn-, Sonnenund Mondenzustände auseinandergesetzt werden mußten. Da fühlt man sich gegenüber den Dingen, die da vor der Seele stehen, überall eingeengt. Und was so einfangen muß die Geheimnisse über die höheren Welten, das kommt sich im Menschen selbst recht trollhaft vor. Ein patschiger, trolliger Riese ist man eigentlich, wenn man die Gebilde der geistigen Welt einfangen will. Und vor der Sonne des Tages muß man dann in einer gewissen Weise freiwillig zerplatzen lassen diese Gebilde, um sie der Stimmung der Gegenwart anzupassen, muß sie sozusagen freiwillig hellseherisch zerplatzen lassen an der äußeren Wirklichkeit, kann aber etwas zurückbehalten. Man kann das zurückbehalten, was der arme Bursche zurückbehält. Was Besitz werden kann von der geistigen Welt für unsere unmittelbare Gegenwartsseele, das ist die Umwandlung, aber die sachgemäße Umwandlung des gigantischen Gehaltes der imaginativen Welt in dem Vieldeutigen einer Märchenstimmung. Dann fühlt sich wirklich diese menschliche Seele wie der König, der hingeführt wird zu dem, was zunächst dieser Seele gar nicht gehört, was der Armen-Burschen-Seele gar nicht gehört. Sie kommt aber in diesen Besitz dadurch, daß der gigantische Riese zerplatzt, daß man gegenüber der Wirklichkeit die imaginative Welt aufgibt und sie in den Palast, den die Phantasie zimmern kann, hereinbekommt. Während nämlich in den alten Zeiten die Phantasie der Menschen - die Phantasie des armen Burschen — durch die imaginative Welt gespeist worden ist, kann sie das heute gegenüber der Entwickelungsstufe unserer Seele nicht mehr. Aber dennoch, wenn man zunächst einmal die ganze imaginative Welt aufgibt und das Ganze hereinpreßt in die vieldeutige Märchenstimmung, die sich nicht an die äußere Wirklichkeit hält, dann kann uns etwas in der Phantasie des Märchenspieles zurückbleiben, was eine tiefe, tiefe Wahrheit ist. Das heißt, der arme Bursche, der eigentlich nichts hat als die Katze, als den klugen Verstand, kann gerade in der Märchenstimmung dasjenige haben, was er braucht für die Gegenwart, damit seine Seele erzogen werden kann, um auf eine neue Weise in die geistigen Welten hineinzukommen.

Daher scheint es mir eine richtige Psychologie des Capesius zu sein, der so ganz aus der Ideenwelt der Gegenwart herausgewachsen ist, daß er aus einer allerdings vergeistigteren Auffassung der gegenwärtigen Welt in die Welt der Märchen hineinkommt, die sich als ein Neues, als eine wirkliche Beziehung zur okkulten Welt ihm erschließen soll. So muß denn auch so etwas wie ein Märchen hingestellt werden an der Stelle, die den Übergang bilden soll zwischen dem Stehen des Capesius in der Welt der äußeren Wirklichkeit und der Welt, in die er untertauchen soll, um sich selber in einer früheren Inkarnation zu schauen.

Was ich Ihnen jetzt gleichsam rein als ein persönliches Aperçu sagte, als etwas, was sich mir ergeben hat als Grund, warum damals gerade der notwendige Einfall kam, dieses Märchen an diese Stelle zu stellen, stimmt mit dem überein, was wir nennen können etwa die Geschichte von der Entstehung der Märchen überhaupt in der menschheitlichen Entwickelung. Es stimmt in einer ausgezeichneten Weise überhaupt zu der Art, wie die Märchen in der Menschheit heraufgekommen sind. Wenn wir auf die früheren Zeiten menschheitlicher Entwickelung zurückblicken, finden wir überall bei den Völkern in den Urzeiten ein gewisses primitives Hellsehen, ein Hineinschauen in die geistige Welt. Wir müssen daher in jenen Zeiten nicht nur unterscheiden die beiden wechselnden Zustände von Wachen und Schlafen, oder höchstens als einen chaotischen Übergangszustand noch das Träumen, sondern wir müssen noch einen Übergangszustand zwischen Wachen und Schlafen bei den alten Völkern annehmen, der diese Menschen nicht traumhaft, sondern als in eine Wirklichkeit schauend, in die Möglichkeit versetzte, mit dem geistigen Dasein zu leben. Der gegenwärtige Mensch ist mit seinem Bewußtsein in der Welt beim Tagwachen, aber nur mit seinem sinnlichen Bewußtsein und mit seinem Verstande. Er ist arm geworden wie der arme Bursche, der nichts hat als die kluge Katze. Dann aber kann er auch in der geistigen Welt sein, nämlich in der Nacht. Da schläft er aber, da hat er kein Bewußtsein von den geistigen Welten. Zwischen diesen zwei Zuständen hatte der Urmensch noch den dritten, der ihm etwas vor die Seele zauberte wie gewaltige Bilder. Er lebte dann in dem, was der Hellseher, der die Kunst des Hellsehens erreicht hat, auch hat, nur daß er es nicht traumhaft und nicht in einem Chaos, sondern in einer wirklichen Welt hat. Aber doch hatte es der alte Mensch so, daß er mit einem klaren Bewußtsein seine Imaginationen umspannen konnte. In diesen drei Zuständen lebte der Urmensch. Und wenn er so seine Seele hinaus erweitert fühlte in das geistige All, überall zusammenhängend mit geistigen Wesen anderer Art, angrenzend an die Hierarchien, an die geistigen Wesen, die in den Elementen, in Erde, Wasser, Luft und Feuer leben, wenn er so sein Wesen über die engen Grenzen seines Seins hinaus erweitert fühlte, dann fühlte er sich wohl in solchen Zwischenzuständen als der Riese, der aber immer platzte, wenn die Sonne aufging und er in den Wachzustand übergehen mußte.

Diese Schilderungen nämlich sind gar nicht so unrealistisch. Heute, wo man gar nicht mehr das ganze Schwergewicht der Worte fühlt, wird man vielleicht glauben, es wäre mit Zerplatzen nur gedankenlos ein Wort hingestellt, wie man sonst ein Wort an das andere reiht. Aber es entspricht das Zerplatzen bildlich einer Art Tatbestand. Es ist für den alten Menschen so gewesen, wie wenn er sein Wesen in eine ganze Summe von Welten hinauswachsen fühlte, und wenn dann die goldene Jungfrau am Morgen herankam und sein Auge an die äußere Wirklichkeit sich gewöhnen mußte, dann kam ihm der Streif der äußeren Wirklichkeit vor wie etwas, was ihm auseinandertrieb, was er vorher schaute, was zum Zerplatzen brachte, was er vorher war. Es entspricht das in einer gewissen Weise tatsächlich einer Art von Tatbestand.

Das aber, was im Menschen wirksam ist, was der eigentliche König in der Menschennatur ist, ließ sich nicht abhalten, etwas hereinzutragen in die Welt der gewöhnlichen Wirklichkeit aus der Welt, in der die Seele eigentlich wurzelt. Und was da hereingetragen wurde, ist eben die Projektion, das Schattenbild des Erlebten in unsere Welt herein, ist die Welt der Phantasie, der wirklichen Phantasie, nicht der phantastischen, die einfach die Lappen des Lebens zusammenstellt, sondern der wirklichen Phantasie, die ihren Sitz im Inneren der Seele hat, die zu allen Einzelheiten des Schaffens von innen heraus getrieben wird. Naturalistische Phantastik würde gerade den umgekehrten Weg machen von dem, welcher der Weg der wirklichen Phantasie ist. Naturalistische Phantastik würde da und dort ein Motiv aufgreifen, würde die Modelle zu jeder Kunst auch in der äußeren Wirklichkeit suchen und diese Lappen der Wirklichkeit so zusammenfügen, wie es durch eine kombinatorische Phantasie entsteht, wie sie in den Zeiten niedergehender Kunstperioden einzig und allein vorhanden ist. In derjenigen Phantasie, die ein Schattenbild der Imagination ist, arbeitet etwas, was nicht diese, nicht jene einzelne Gestalt hat, was zunächst in äußeren Formen nicht weiß, was sie schaffen soll, wo von innen heraus der Stoff nach dem Schaffen drängt. Dann tritt wie eine Verdunkelung des Lichtprozesses das auf, was sich hingebend als bildhaft nachgestaltende Kunst zu der realen Wirklichkeit neigt. Es ist genau der entgegengesetzte Prozeß zu dem, der im heutigen künstlerischen Schaffen so vielfach zu bemerken ist. Aus einem Zentrum heraus geht alles zu dieser Phantasie, das als ein Geistiges — zunächst einer imaginativen Wirklichkeit — hinter unserer Sinneswirklichkeit steht. Und was da zustande kommt, ist eine Phantasiewirklichkeit. Aber es ist tatsächlich dasjenige, was legitim aus den spirituellen Welten in unsere Wirklichkeit hereinwachsen kann, was sozusagen ein Jegitimer Besitz des armen Burschen werden kann, das heißt des gegenwärtigen Menschen, der auf die Armut der äußeren Sinneswelt beschränkt ist. Und von allen Dichtungsformen am wenigsten an die äußere Wirklichkeit gebunden ist gerade das Märchen. Gehen wir zur Sage, zum Mythos, zur Legende: überall finden wir, daß die Züge, die nur übersinnlichen Gesetzen folgen, durchtränkt werden in Sage und Mythos von den Gesetzen der realen Wirklichkeit, weil man aus dem Geistigen in die äußere Welt hinausgeht, und daß die Quellen, welche historische Quellen sind oder in irgendeiner Weise mit der Historie zusammenhängen, nun mit der historischen Gestalt in Beziehung gesetzt werden. Nur das Märchen läßt sich gar nicht gestalten wie reale Gestalten, es schaltet ganz frei gegenüber den realen Gestalten. Es kann alles, was es in der Wirklichkeit gibt, in beliebiger Weise verwenden und hat es verwendet. Daher ist das Märchen der reinste Sproß des alten primitiven Hellsehens, ist etwas wie eine Abschlagzahlung für das frühere Hellsehen. Mag der Nüchterling, der Pedant, der in allem nur zu einer professoralen Daseinsbetrachtung kommt, es nicht empfinden; er braucht es nicht zu empfinden, aus dem einfachen Grunde nicht, weil er immer bei jeder Wahrheit fragt: Wie stimmt sie zu aller Wirklichkeit?

Eine Gestalt wie Capesius strebt über alles hinaus zur Wahrheit. Er kann nicht zufrieden sein mit der Frage: Wie stimmt eine Wahrheit zur Wirklichkeit? — Denn er sagt sich: Ist eine Wahrheit denn abgetan, wenn man sagt, sie stelle etwas dar, was zur äußeren Welt stimmt? — Die Dinge können wahr und wahr und wahr sein und können richtig und richtig und richtig sein und könnten gerade ebensoviel Beziehung zu der Realität haben wie die Wahrheit jenes semmelholenden Dorfjungen, der ganz richtig gerechnet hat, aber es hatte seine Rechnung keinen Bezug zur Realität, weil er rechnete, er hätte für seine zehn Kreuzer nur fünf Semmeln zu bekommen. Der Semmeljunge machte es ebenso wie der, welcher über die Wirklichkeit philosophiert. Aber man bekam eben in jenem Dorfe auf fünf Semmeln eine drauf, das ist etwas, was mit keiner Philosophie, mit keiner Logik rechnet, das ist eine Wirklichkeit. So kommt für Capesius eben nicht in Frage: Wie stimmt die eine oder die andere Idee, der eine oder der andere Begriff zu der Wirklichkeit? — Capesius aber fragte zuerst: Was erlebt die Menschenseele bei irgendeinem Begriff, den sie sich zunächst bildet? — Daher erlebt die Menschenseele bei alledem, was nur äußere Wirklichkeit sein kann, Ode, Austrocknung, Anlage zu fortwährendem Absterben in der Seele. Daher braucht Capesius die Auffrischung durch die Märchen der Frau Felicia, braucht gerade das, was im Sinne der äußeren Wirklichkeit am allerwenigsten wahr zu sein braucht, einen Inhalt, der real ist, der aber im gewöhnlichen Sinne gar nicht wahr zu sein braucht. Dieser Inhalt bereitet ihn vor, den Weg in die okkulte Welt zu finden.

Im Märchen ist dem Menschen etwas geblieben, was sich wie ein Nachkomme dessen auslebt, was die Menschen im alten Hellsehen erlebt haben, in einer Form, die gerade dadurch so legitim ist, daß keiner, dem sich das Märchen in die Seele ergießt, Anspruch darauf macht, daß seine Züge mit der äußeren Wirklichkeit stimmen. Und in der Märchenphantasie hat der arme Bursche, der sonst nur die kluge Katze hat, einen Palast, der in die unmittelbare Wirklichkeit hereinragt. Daher kann das Märchen für jedes Lebensalter ein wunderbares geistiges Nahrungsmittel sein. Wenn wir die geeigneten Märchen dem Kinde erzählen, regen wir die kindliche Seele so an, daß sie nicht allein in der Weise der Wirklichkeit zugeführt wird, daß sie immer nur in der Stimmung verharrt bei irgendeinem Begriff, der mit der äußeren Realität stimmt. Denn ein solches Verhältnis zur Wirklichkeit vertrocknet und verödet die Seele, dagegen wird die Seele lebendig und frisch gehalten, so daß sie die Gesamtorganisation des Menschen durchdringt, wenn sie das, was real im höheren Sinne ist, in den gesetzmäßigen Gestalten der Märchenbilder fühlt, die aber doch die Seele ganz über die äußere Welt hinwegheben. Kräftiger für das Leben, lebendiger das Leben erfassend wird der Mensch, wenn in seiner Kindheit Märchen auf seine Seele gewirkt haben.

Für Capesius sind Märchen die Anreger für die imaginative Erkenntnis. Nicht was in ihnen enthalten ist, was sie mitteilen, sondern wie sie verlaufen, wie ein Zug sich an den anderen gliedert, das wirkt und webt in seiner Seele. Der eine Zug läßt gewisse Seelenkräfte nach aufwärts streben, ein anderer andere nach abwärts, wieder durch andere werden aufstrebende und abwärtsstrebende durchkreuzt. Dadurch kommt er in seiner Seele in Bewegung, dadurch wird herausgeholt aus seiner Seele das, was ihn zuletzt befähigt, hineinzuschauen in die geistige Welt. Für viele kann gerade das Märchen das Alleranregendste sein. Deshalb finden wir bei den Märchen, die in früheren Zeiten entstanden sind, immer etwas, was zeigt, wie Züge des alten hellseherischen Bewußtseins in die Märchenzüge hereinspielen. Die ersten Märchen sind nicht so entstanden, daß sie jemand ausgedacht hat, nur die Theorien der gegenwärtigen Märchenprofessoren, welche die Märchen erklären, sind so entstanden. Die Märchen sind nirgends ausgedacht, sind die letzten Reste des alten Hellsehens, die von den Menschen, welche noch die Kräfte dafür hatten, im Traume erlebt waren. Was im Traume gesehen wurde, das wurde erzählt, so wie das Märchen vom gestiefelten Kater, das nur eine Umbildung ist des Märchens, das ich Ihnen heute erzählte. Alle Märchen waren schließlich vorhanden als letzte Reste des ursprünglichen Hellsehens. Daher kann ein wirkliches Märchen nur entstehen, wenn - entweder bewußt oder unbewußt - in der Seele des Märchendichters die Imagination vorhanden ist, die sich hineinprojiziert in die Seele, sonst ist es nicht richtig. Ein beliebig ausgedachtes Märchen kann nie richtig sein. Wenn heute noch da oder dort durch irgendeinen Menschen ein wirkliches Märchen entsteht, so entsteht es auch nicht anders als dadurch, daß in dem Menschen die Sehnsucht erwacht nach den alten Zeiten, welche die Menschheit einstmals durchgemacht hat. Diese Sehnsucht ist vorhanden, nur schleicht sie sich manchmal in gar verborgene Seelentiefen ein, und der Mensch verkennt in dem, was er bewußt schaffen kann, oft sehr, wie vieles aus den verborgenen Tiefen des Seelenlebens heraufkommt, und wie vieles nur durch das entstellt ist, was der Mensch mit seinem gegenwärtigen Bewußtsein machen kann.

Da möchte ich doch einmal auch hier darauf hinweisen, daß alles, was in die dichterische Form geprägt werden kann, im Grunde genommen niemals auf Wahrheit beruhen kann, wenn es nicht zurückgeht auf ein sich erfüllendes Sehnen nach dem alten hellseherischen Eindringen in die Welt, oder wenn es nicht irgendwie mit neuem, wirklichem Hellsehen zusammenhängt, das ja nicht voll herauszukommen braucht, das in den Seelentiefen verborgen leuchten kann und sich in den Seelentiefen nur abschattieren kann. Deshalb bleibt aber dieses Verhältnis doch vorhanden. Wieviel Leute fühlen heute noch die Notwendigkeit des Reimes? Wieviel Leute fühlen heute noch da, wo ein Reim auftritt, die Notwendigkeit des Reimes? Es ist heute sogar die Deklamier-Unsitte eingerissen, daß man den Reim womöglich unterdrückt, über diese Form hinüberdeklamiert und nur recht auf den Sinn, das heißt auf das, was der äußeren Wirklichkeit entspricht, Rücksicht nimmt. Aber auch diese Form der Dichtung, der Reim, hängt eng mit einem Stadium der Sprachenentwickelung zusammen, das zu der Zeit vorhanden war, als noch das alte Hellsehen seine Nachwirkungen hatte.

Und zwar hängt der Endreim zusammen mit dem merkwürdigen Seelenzustand, der sich ausdrückt, nachdem der Mensch in die gegenwärtige Entwickelung eingetreten ist, durch die Kultur der Gemütsseele oder Verstandesseele. Im Grunde genommen ist die Zeit, in welcher die Verstandesseele oder Gemütsseele im vierten nachatlantischen Kulturzeitraum in die Menschen hineingekommen ist, auch diejenige Zeit, da in der Dichtung die Erinnerung an alte erlebte Zeiten aufdämmerte, die noch in die alten imaginativen Welten hereinreichten. Diese Erinnerung wird zum Ausdruck gebracht, indem regelmäßig gestaltet wird, was in der Verstandes- oder Gemütsseele aufleuchtet, in dem Endreim, der seine Hauptpflege hat in alledem, was in der vierten nachatlantischen Kulturperiode sich ausgebildet hat.

Dagegen hat alles das, worin sich die Kultur der vierten nachatlantischen Kulturperiode hineingesenkt hat, mit dem Christentum und den Nachwirkungen des Mysteriums von Golgatha eine ganz besondere Erfrischung erfahren; und in was sich das hineingegossen hat, das war die europäische Empfindungsseele. Innerhalb Europas hat die Empfindungsseelenkultur auf einer zurückgebliebenen Stufe gewartet auf eine höhere Kultur, auf eine Verstandesseelenkultur, die von Mittel- und Südeuropa heraufzog. Das dauerte über den vierten nachatlantischen Kulturzeitraum hinaus, damit das, was sich in Mittel- und Südeuropa und in Vorderasien ausgebildet hatte, in das hereinkommen konnte, was in Mitteleuropa noch alte Empfindungsseelenkultur war, und was es aufnahm in die Willensstärke und in die Willensenergie, die hauptsächlich in der Empfindungsseelenkultur zum Ausdruck kommt. Daher sehen wir, wie in alledem, was Kultureinfluß vom Süden ist, in der Dichtung sich ganz regulär der Endreim einbürgert, und daß in der Willenskultur, in die das Christentum aufgenommen wird, der andere Reim, der Stabreim, die Alliteration, der richtige Ausdruck ist. In dem nordischen und mitteleuropäischen Stabreim fühlen wir den rollenden Willen, der sich in die auf der Höhe der vierten nachatlantischen Kulturperiode stehenden Kultur hineinergießt, die eine Kultur der Verstandes- oder Gemütsseele ist.

Merkwürdig ist es, daß Dichter, die dann aus einer ursprünglichen Seelenkraft heraus die Erinnerung wiederbeleben wollen an das, was die ursprüngliche Kraft in einem bestimmten Gebiete war, in einer manchmal ganz unorganischen Weise auf das Frühere zurück weisen wollen. Das ist mit Wilhelm Jordan geschehen, der in seinen «Nibelungen» wieder aufdämmern lassen wollte den alten Stabreim, und der eine merkwürdige Wirkung erzielte, als er als Rhapsode herumzog und diesen Stabreim wieder lebendig machen wollte. Die Leute wußten nicht recht, was das sollte, weil der heutige Mensch in unserer intellektualistischen Zeit die Sprache nur als Ausdruck für einen Inhalt kennt, nur den Inhalt der Sprache kennt und nicht das, was die Empfindungsseele im Anfangsreim zum Ausdruck bringen will, was die Verstandesseele im Endreim zum Ausdruck bringen will. Die Bewußtseinsseele kann eigentlich den Reim in ihrer Art nicht mehr verwenden, da muß der Mensch zu anderen Mitteln greifen. Deshalb wird uns jetzt Fräulein von Sivers [Marie Steiner] den Stabreim in einer kurzen Probe hier zu Gehör bringen, um daran zu charakterisieren, wie ein Künstler wie Wilhelm Jordan wirken wollte, der alte Zustände wieder erneuern wollte.

Und es nahten die Nornen, von Niemand gesehen,
Zu geräuschlosem Reigen und machten die Runde
Um diese Verlobten. Ein leiser Lufthauch,
Das war die Meinung der Minneberauschten,
Winde sich murmelnd herein zum Kamine;
Doch hinunter zur Nachtwelt, zu Nibelheims Tiefen,
Und hinauf zu den Wolken zu Walhalls Bewohnern
Erklang nun für andre als irdische Ohren
Vernehmlich wie Seesturm der Nornen Gesang:

Dein eigen ist alles

Dein Heil wie dein Unheil,
Dein Wollen und Wähnen
Dein Sinnen und Sein.
Wohl kommen, gekettet
In ewige Ordnung
Die Larven des Lebens
Die Scharen des Scheins;
Sie ziehen die Zirkel
Sie zeigen die Ziele
Sie impfen den Abscheu
Sie wecken den Wunsch;
Doch dein ist das Dünken
Und wie du geworden
So wirst du dich wenden,
Wir wissen die Wahl.
Es formt unser Finger
Aus ewigem Vorrat
Den Faden des Lebens
Das einzelne Los.
Wir spinnen und spulen
Und weifen und weben
Den Teppich der Taten
Am Webstuhl der Welt.
Gezogen vor Zeiten
Von uns ist der Zettel,
Dein eigen der Einschlag,
Das Muster, o Mensch!
Doch je schöner dein Schiffel
Die mächtigen Maschen
Zum Bilde verbunden


Je näher der Neid.
Wohl gönnen’s die Götter
Des lauteren Lichtes
Allmählich zu mehren
Das menschliche Maß.
Doch die Nachtwelt beneidet
Das Wachstum gen Walhall
Und Teil hat die Tiefe
Am sterblichen Stoff.
Sie mengt in das Muster
Verbotene Bilder:
Da trübt sich die Treue
Da schwindet der Schwur;
Da knüpft sich der Knoten,
Verwirrt das Gewebe
Und schnell dann zerschneidet’s
Die Schere der Schuld.

Der Sonnengott senkte
Zum Schoße der Schönsten
Zu lauterstem Streben
Den leuchtendsten Strahl.
Da sandten Versucher
Die Goldesbegierde,
Die trüglichen Träume
Wir wußten die Wahl!
Dein eigen ist Alles
Dein Heil wie dein Unheil,
Es lenken die Lose

Dein Herz und sein Hang. Dein Stern war im Steigen, Nun winkt ihm zur Wende, Beneideter Sigfrid,

Der Nornen Gesang.

So hallte gen Himmel und nieder zu Hela,
Wie, an Felsen gebrochen, das Brausen der Brandung,
Wie Wettergedröhne die Weise der Drei.
Doch bewußtlos umweift und umwoben vom Schicksal, Hielten sich herzend der Held und Krimhilde
Und tauschten die Seelen in süßestem Taume]
Mit Lippen, erglühend von Lust und von Glück.

Jordan selbst hat noch wirklich im Vortrage die Stabreime zur Geltung gebracht. Das ist etwas, was der moderne Mensch durchaus als etwas ihm nicht mehr ganz Entsprechendes empfindet. Denn, um das zu fühlen, was Wilhelm Jordan wie eine Art Programm für das angab, was er wollte, müßte man die alte Zeit in der neuen so imaginativ erleben, wie wenn man geradezu dasjenige, was sich in den letzten Tagen in unserem Versammlungssaal im Architektenhaus abgespielt hat während der Generalversammlung, in all die astralischen Strömungen eingehüllt empfände, die zum Ausdruck bringen, was da gesprochen worden ist. Und dann müßte man das, was sich da in jenen Tagen in unserem Erkenntnisimpuls verschiedentlich abgespielt hat, als den bildhaften Ausdruck der Verwirklichung eines Jordan-Wortes empfinden. Dann würde man das richtig empfinden, was er angab als eine Art Programm, durch welches er wieder eine Stimmung heraufbringen wollte, die sich im alten Germanentum abgespielt hat:

... der Sprache Springquell....
Bedarf nur der Leitung, um lauter und lieblich
Mit rauschendem Redestrom bis zum Rande
Der Vorzeit Gefäße wieder zu füllen
Und neu zu verjüngen nach tausend Jahren
Die wundergewaltige uralte Weise
Der deutschen Dichtkunst.

Dazu gehört aber etwas: ein Gehör, um die Laute zu empfinden. Das aber hängt innig mit den Imaginationen der alten hellseherischen Zeit zusammen, denn darin urständet noch das Gefühl für den Laut. Was aber ist der Laut? Der Laut selber ist noch eine Imagination, eine imaginative Vorstellung.

So lange Sie sagen Licht und Luft und damit nichts anderes meinen als das Helle und das Wehende, haben Sie keine Imagination. Aber die Worte sind selber Imagination. Und wenn man ihre imaginative Gewalt noch empfindet, dann empfindet man bei einem Worte, wenn prädominiert wie im Worte Licht das I, ein strahlendes, helles Unbestimmtes, und bei U wie in Luft ein Erfülltes und sich Erfüllendes. Und weil der Strahl ein dünn Erfüllendes ist, die Luft ein voll Erfüllendes ergibt, deshalb hat eine Alliteration die Stammverwandtschaft mit dem Erfüllenden. Und es ist nicht gleichgültig, ob man Worte, die Stabreim haben oder keinen, als Licht und Luft zusammenstellt, und es ist nicht gleichgültig, ob man die Namen von drei Brüdern einfach zusammenstellt, oder ob man sie so zusammenstellt, daß man spürt, daß der Weltenwille sie selber vereinigt hat, wie Gunther, Gernot, Giselher. Da empfand die Empfindungsseele die alte Imagination im Stabreim.

Und im Endreim würde sich die Gemütsseele in der alten Imagination wiedererkennen. Daher kann auch, wenn die Sprache lebendig gemacht wird, dasjenige, was die Sprache nachwirkt in der Seele, selbst in den Traum noch hineingeheimnissen gewisse Imaginationen, so daß der Mensch manches von dem in den Traum hineinbekommen kann, was auch dem Hellsehen als richtige Charakteristik, zum Beispiel der Elemente erscheint. Es ist nicht immer so, aber zum Beispiel bei den Worten Licht und Luft ergibt sich etwas, was, wenn es gefühlt wird und in den Traum hineinwirkt, unter Umständen in der Traumphantasie selbst aufsprießen lassen kann etwas von dem, was zur Charakteristik der betreffenden Elemente, des Lichtes und der Luft, führen kann. Erst dann wird der Mensch die verschiedenen Geheimnisse der Sprache erkennen, wenn die Sprache auf ihren Ursprung zurückgeführt werden wird, wenn sie nämlich selber auf das imaginative Erkennen zurückgeführt wird. Denn die Sprache entstammt durchaus jenem Zeitalter, in welchem der Mensch eigentlich noch nicht der arme Bursche war, aber auch nicht die kluge Katze hatte, sondern noch in einer gewissen Weise mit dem Riesen der Imagination zusammenlebte und aus des Riesen Gliedern heraus dasjenige empfand, was sich in den Laut als die hörbare Imagination hineingesenkt hat. Wenn der Ton erfaßt wird von der Imagination, sich in sie hineinergießt, um sie als eine Hülle auszufüllen, dann wird der Laut daraus, der wirkliche Laut.

Das sind Dinge, die ich Ihnen heute gern ganz anspruchslos und unzusammenhängend vorbringen wollte. Sie sollten Ihnen zeigen, wie in einer gewissen Weise wiederbelebt werden muß, was der Mensch verloren hat und was sich hinübergerettet hat in unsere Zeit, was aber wiedergewonnen werden muß, wie es Capesius gewinnt, damit der Mensch dann in das Zeitalter hineinwachsen kann, das uns doch bevorsteht, und in welchem er wieder der höheren Welten teilhaftig werden kann.

The Symbolism and Imagination Related to the Mystery “The Trial of the Soul”

Today we want to pick up where we left off with the second of our mystery plays, “The Trial of the Soul.”

You will have seen that all these representations, but especially “The Trial of the Soul,” are attempts to bring dramatic events into our spiritual scientific worldview. In “The Trial of the Soul” in particular, an attempt has been made to realistically portray the idea of reincarnation as it affects human soul life. I need hardly mention that the events in the “Trial of the Soul” are not purely imaginary, but actually correspond in a certain way to observations of occult life, so that the portrayal is, in a sense, entirely realistic. What I would like to discuss first this evening is the fact that it has become necessary to create a kind of transition from Capesius' previous life to his immersion in a prehistoric life, in a time when he himself underwent a previous incarnation.

Since this “Test of the Soul” was completed, I have often asked myself what could constitute the transition for Capesius from his life in a world in which he has known only what the external senses and the view of the world bound to the instrument of the brain offer, albeit in a spiritual way? What, I ask, can form the transition for him from such a world to the world into which he then sinks, which can only be accessed through the occult sense organs? I have often asked myself why the fairy tale with the three figures had to form such a transition for Capesius. For it is clear that the fairy tale was not placed here out of some intellectual concept or consideration, but because the imagination produced it. One can only ask oneself afterwards why such a fairy tale became necessary. And in connection with the “trial of the soul,” I arrived at points of view that seem to me to shed light on fairy-tale poetry in general and on poetry in connection with the anthroposophical worldview in particular.

Once human beings have introduced into their own lives the fact expressed in the division of the soul into the soul of feeling, the soul of understanding or mind, and the soul of consciousness, certain riddles of feeling will arise for them in a purely elementary, emotional way in relation to their position and their relationship to the world; mysteries that cannot be expressed in our ordinary language and our ordinary forms of thought, for the simple reason that we live in an age that is too intellectual to express in words and through everything that words make possible the subtle relationships that arise between the three members of the soul. This can be done much more easily by choosing a means by which the relationship of the soul to the world itself appears as ambiguous and yet as quite definite and distinct. What plays throughout the entire “trial of the soul” as a relationship between all events and what is expressed in the three characters Philia, Astrid, and Luna needed to be expressed in contours that were not sharp, but which nevertheless, through certain spiritual forces, have something that can illustrate the relationship between human beings and the world. And this could not be achieved in any other way than by showing how the telling of this fairy tale about the three characters evokes in Capesius' soul a very specific urge, a very specific process that makes him ready to descend into those worlds that are only now beginning to become real, actual worlds for human beings again.

This fairy tale will now be presented so that the discussion can then be linked to it.

Once upon a time there was a boy,
Who grew up as the only child of poor foresters
In the solitude of the forest. —
Apart from his parents,
He knew very few people.
He was of weak build:
His skin was almost translucent.
One could look long into his eyes;
They concealed the deepest wonders of the mind.
And even though few people
Entered the boy's circle of life,
He did not lack friends.
When in the nearby mountains
The golden sun glowed brightly,
Then the boy's pensive eyes
Sucked the spiritual gold into his soul:
And the essence of his heart
Became like the morning sun.
But when dark clouds
Blocked the rays of the morning sun
And a gloomy mood covered all the mountains,
Then the boy's eyes grew dim
And his heart became melancholy.
Thus he was completely devoted
To the spirit of his narrow world,
Which he felt no more foreign to his nature
Than the limbs of his body.
For he considered the trees and flowers of the forest
To be his friends;
Spirit beings spoke from the crowns,
From the cups and the treetops,
He could understand their murmurs.
The wonders of secret worlds
Opened up to the boy,
When his soul conversed
With what is lifeless
To most people.
And often in the evening,
his parents anxiously missed their beloved son.
He was then in a nearby place,
Where a spring flowed from the rocks
And a thousand times, spraying
The water droplets burst over the stones.
When the silver glow of moonlight
Reflected enchantingly in a play of sparkling colors
In the stream of water droplets,
The boy could remain for hours
At the rocky spring.
And shapes, formed like ghosts,
Arose before the boy's eyes
In the rushing water and the moonlight's shimmer.
They became three images of women,
Who spoke to him of those things
To which his soul's desire was directed. —
And when, on a mild summer night,
The boy sat again at the spring,
One of the women took many thousands of tiny particles
Of the colorful water droplets
And gave them to the second woman.
She formed the dust from the drops
Into a shining silver cup
And gave it to the third woman.
She filled it with moonlight
And gave it to the boy.
He had seen all this
With his boyish gaze. —
He dreamed that night,
Following the experience,
How he was robbed of the cup
By a wild dragon.
After that night, the boy experienced
Only three more times the miracle of the spring.
Then the women left him,
Even when the boy sat pensively
At the rocky spring in the silvery moonlight.
And when three hundred and sixty weeks
Had passed for the third time,
The boy had long since become a man
And had moved from his parents' house and the forest
To a strange city. Then one evening,
Tired from hard work,
He pondered what life might still hold for him.
Suddenly, the boy felt
Transported back to his rocky spring;
And once again he could see the water women.
And this time he could hear them speak.
The first one said to him:
Remember me always,
When you feel lonely in life.
I lure the gaze of human souls
To distant skies and starry heights,
And to those who want to feel me,
I give the drink of hope for life
From my magical cup. —
And the second one also said:
Do not forget me in moments
That threaten your courage to live.
I guide the impulses of the human heart
Into the depths of the soul and to the heights of the spirit.
And whoever seeks strength from me,
I will forge the strength of their faith in life With my magic hammer.
The third spoke thus:
Lift up your spiritual eyes to me,
When the riddles of life assail you.
I spin the threads of thought
In the labyrinths of life and in the depths of the soul,
And whoever trusts in me,
I will work the rays of love for life
On my miracle loom. — — —
On the night that followed the experience,
The man dreamed
That a wild dragon
Was circling around him
And could not come near him:
The beings he had once seen at the rocky spring
And who had left his homeland
With him to move to a foreign place.

The fairy-tale atmosphere is, it seems to me, something that stands in a fully justified way between the outer world and all that man once saw in the ancient times of original human clairvoyance in the spiritual worlds, which he can still see today if he can rise to the spiritual worlds through special abnormal abilities or through properly trained clairvoyance. Between this world and the world of external reality, the intellect, and the senses, the world of fairy tales is perhaps the most legitimate intermediary. It seems necessary to me to find some explanation for the entire position of fairy tales and the fairy-tale mood between these worlds. Now, it is extremely difficult to truly bridge the gap between these two realms. But then it occurred to me that it could be done through a fairy tale itself. And better than any theoretical explanation, it seems to me that a very simple fairy tale can truly bridge this gap, which could be told something like this:

Once upon a time there was a poor boy. He had a clever cat. And the clever cat helped the poor boy, who had nothing but her, to acquire a great fortune. She arranged for word to be carried to the king that the poor boy had a large, beautiful, and remarkable possession that even a king would be curious to see. And the clever cat arranged for the king to set off and travel through all kinds of highly strange regions. Everywhere the king was led to believe, through the clever cat's machinations, that the vast property with fields and all kinds of buildings of the most extraordinary kind belonged to this boy. Finally, the king came to a large enchanted castle. But he arrived a little late for the circumstances of the fairy tale. For the time had already come when the great giant or troll was returning home from his wanderings around the world and wanted to re-enter the palace that actually belonged to him. The king was in the palace and wanted to see all the magical and wondrous things. The clever cat lay down in front of the door so that the king would not notice that everything belonged to the giant, the troll. When the giant returned home in the morning, the cat began to tell him a story, making it clear to him that he had to listen. And she told him with great talkativeness how the farmer plows his field, how he fertilizes his field, how he then has to plow again, how he then fetches the seeds he wants to scatter in the field, how he then sows the seeds in the field. In short, she told him such a long story that morning came and the sun rose. And then the clever cat said that now the giant, who had never seen the golden maiden in the east, had to stay and look at the golden maiden, had to look at the sun. But—according to a law that giants are subject to—when the giant turned around and looked at the sun, he burst into pieces. And the result was that, because the giant had been held back, the palace now belonged to the poor fellow. And not only did he have all the possessions that the clever cat had promised him, but he now really owned the giant's palace and everything that belonged to it.

One could say that this little, unassuming fairy tale is actually extremely significant, one might even say for the world history of the fairy-tale mood in our time. For truly, when we consider human beings in their development on earth, among all the people who have developed on earth, or among all the incarnations that human beings have gone through, or among the souls currently incarnated, most are comparable to the poor fellow. Yes, in our present state, in relation to other times, we are really the poor fellow and have nothing but a clever cat. But we undoubtedly have the clever cat. For the clever cat is precisely our mind, our intellect. And what man currently possesses through his senses, what he has for the external world through the mind that is bound to the brain, is truly something quite poor in relation to the entire cosmic world, to all that man has gone through during the Saturn, Sun, and Moon ages. We are all poor fellows, basically, and all we have is our intellect, which can make a little show of granting us certain imaginary possessions. In short, in our present situation we are poor fellows, and we have the clever cat. But we are not merely poor fellows. We are so in our consciousness. But our ego is rooted in the hidden depths of our soul life. These hidden depths of our soul life are connected with countless worlds and countless cosmic events. All of these play a role in human life. Only, the human being of the present has become a poor fellow and knows nothing more about all this; at most, he can have all kinds of explanations given to him by the clever cat, by philosophy, about the meaning and significance of what he sees with his eyes or perceives with his other senses. And when people today want to talk about something that goes beyond the sensory world, when they want to attain something that goes beyond the sensory world, they do so—and have been doing so for many centuries—in art and poetry.

But our time in particular — this transitional period, which is so strange in many respects — shows us quite clearly how little man feels beyond the mood of the poor fellow, even if he can bring poetry and art into the present world of the senses as it is given to him. For in our time, people have strived, out of a certain disbelief in higher art and higher poetry, toward naturalism, toward a purely external reproduction of external reality. And who would deny that our time has something of that mood which, when reality is depicted in the splendor of art and poetry, always sighs: Ah, but these are all illusions, none of this is true. How much of our time has such a mood? So that in fact the king in man, who springs from the spiritual world, needs a great deal of persuasion from the clever cat, from the intellect given to modern man, in order to understand how that which arises from the imagination and awakens in art is, in a certain sense, a truer possession of man. First, the king within man is persuaded. But that is not really very effective, only for a certain time. Then, at a certain point in time — we are now living at the beginning of such a time — the need arises for people to find their way back to the higher, spiritual, the actual spiritual world. It comes to people, and everywhere today one can feel how this urge is coming to people to rise again into the spheres of the spiritual world.

A certain transition must take place. And there is hardly any easier way to make this transition than through a meaningful revival of the fairy-tale mood. The fairy-tale atmosphere, purely from an external point of view, has something that makes it easiest for people today to prepare their souls for the experience of events that shine in from higher, supersensible worlds. It is precisely the way in which fairy tales present themselves to us without pretension, without initially claiming to be a reflection of external reality in any way, but rather boldly disregarding all external laws of external reality, that enables fairy tales to prepare the human soul for the reception of the higher, spiritual world. The crude belief in the spiritual world that was achieved in ancient times, when people were still at a more primitive stage and had a certain clairvoyance in their souls, must burst like the giant troll when confronted with external reality. It can only be held at bay by clever cat questions and cat stories that are spun out over external reality. Certainly, one can spin clever cat stories for a long time and show how reality here and there makes it necessary to resort to spiritual explanations. One can spin out broad philosophical theories about how some questions can only be answered by referring to the spiritual world. In this way, one retains something like a memento from ancient times. One keeps the giant at bay for a while through what comes from ancient times. But in the face of the clear language of reality, what remains from ancient times cannot stand, it bursts like the giant in the face of the rising sun. But one must first be familiar with this mood, the bursting of the giant. And here we touch on something that can explain the psychology of fairy tales in a certain way. I cannot analyze these things theoretically; I can only analyze the psychology of fairy tales through soul observation, and I would like to say the following about this.

Imagine, as we have sketched out again in the lectures on pneumatosophy, that there are all kinds of images from the spiritual world standing before some soul in vivid imagination. Certainly, in the field of anthroposophy we tell many things about the spiritual worlds. This must first stand vividly before any soul. But it would not amount to much for external presentation if one wanted to represent only what presents itself to the soul, even to the clairvoyant soul. A strange disharmony arises in the soul, not only when one is supposed to conceal such truths in the gray webs of present-day thinking as have had to be explained here in our branch during the last three hours concerning the Saturn, Sun, and Moon conditions. One feels constricted on all sides by the things that stand before the soul. And what must capture the secrets of the higher worlds seems quite troll-like in human beings themselves. One is actually a clumsy, troll-like giant when one wants to capture the structures of the spiritual world. And then, in front of the sun of the day, one must voluntarily burst these structures in a certain way in order to adapt them to the mood of the present, must voluntarily burst them clairvoyantly, so to speak, against the outer reality, but one can retain something. One can retain what the poor fellow retains. What can become the possession of the spiritual world for our immediate present soul is the transformation, but the proper transformation, of the gigantic content of the imaginative world into the ambiguity of a fairy-tale mood. Then this human soul truly feels like the king who is led to what does not initially belong to this soul, what does not belong to the poor fellow's soul. But it comes into this possession through the bursting of the gigantic giant, through the abandonment of the imaginative world in the face of reality and its admission into the palace that the imagination can build. For whereas in ancient times the imagination of human beings – the imagination of the poor fellow – was fed by the imaginative world, today, given the stage of development of our soul, it can no longer do so. Nevertheless, if we first abandon the entire imaginative world and squeeze everything into the ambiguous atmosphere of fairy tales, which does not adhere to external reality, then something can remain in the fantasy of fairy tales that is a deep, deep truth. That is to say, the poor fellow, who actually has nothing but the cat and his clever mind, can find in the fairy-tale atmosphere precisely what he needs for the present, so that his soul can be educated to enter the spiritual worlds in a new way.

Therefore, it seems to me to be a correct psychology of Capesius, who has grown so completely out of the world of ideas of the present that he enters the world of fairy tales from a more spiritualized view of the present world, which is to open up to him as something new, as a real relationship to the occult world. Thus, something like a fairy tale must be placed at the point that is to form the transition between Capesius' standing in the world of outer reality and the world into which he is to immerse himself in order to see himself in a previous incarnation.

What I have just told you, purely as a personal insight, as something that occurred to me as the reason why the necessary idea came to me at that particular moment to place this fairy tale at this point, corresponds to what we might call the history of the origin of fairy tales in general in human development. It corresponds in an excellent way to the way in which fairy tales arose in humanity. When we look back to earlier times in human development, we find everywhere among the peoples of primeval times a certain primitive clairvoyance, a looking into the spiritual world. We must therefore not only distinguish between the two alternating states of waking and sleeping, or at most, as a chaotic transitional state, dreaming, but we must also assume a transitional state between waking and sleeping among the ancient peoples, which enabled these people not to dream, but to see into a reality, to live with the possibility of spiritual existence. The present human being is conscious in the world when awake during the day, but only with his sensory consciousness and his intellect. He has become poor like the poor fellow who has nothing but his clever cat. But then he can also be in the spiritual world, namely at night. But then he sleeps and has no consciousness of the spiritual worlds. Between these two states, the original human being had a third state, which conjured up something like powerful images before his soul. He then lived in what the clairvoyant who has attained the art of clairvoyance also has, only that he does not have it in a dreamlike state or in chaos, but in a real world. But the ancient human being was able to encompass his imaginations with clear consciousness. The primitive human being lived in these three states. And when he felt his soul expanding into the spiritual universe, connected everywhere with spiritual beings of other kinds, bordering on the hierarchies, on the spiritual beings that live in the elements, in earth, water, air, and fire, when he felt his being expanding beyond the narrow limits of his existence, then he felt comfortable in such intermediate states as the giant, who, however, always burst when the sun rose and he had to return to the waking state.

These descriptions are not so unrealistic. Today, when we no longer feel the full weight of words, we might think that bursting is just a thoughtless word strung together with others. But bursting corresponds figuratively to a kind of fact. For the old man, it was as if he felt his being growing into a whole sum of worlds, and when the golden maiden approached in the morning and his eyes had to adjust to the external reality, the glimpse of external reality seemed to him like something that drove him apart, that destroyed what he had seen before, that caused what he had been before to burst. In a certain way, this actually corresponds to a kind of state of affairs.

But what is effective in human beings, what is the real king in human nature, could not be prevented from bringing something into the world of ordinary reality from the world in which the soul is actually rooted. And what was brought in is precisely the projection, the shadow image of what was experienced into our world, is the world of fantasy, of real fantasy, not the fantastical, which simply puts together the scraps of life, but the real fantasy that has its seat in the inner soul, which is driven from within to all the details of creation. Naturalistic fantasy would take the opposite path to that of real imagination. Naturalistic fantasy would pick up a motif here and there, seek models for every art form in external reality, and piece together these scraps of reality in the way that a combinatory imagination creates them, as it exists solely in periods of declining art. In the imagination that is a shadow image of the imagination, something is at work that does not have this or that individual form, that does not initially know in external forms what it is to create, where the material urges from within to create. Then, like a darkening of the light process, there appears that which, devotedly, as pictorially recreating art, tends toward real reality. This is exactly the opposite process to that which is so often observed in contemporary artistic creation. Everything proceeds from a center toward this fantasy, which stands behind our sensory reality as something spiritual—initially as an imaginative reality. And what emerges is a fantasy reality. But it is in fact that which can legitimately grow out of the spiritual worlds into our reality, which can become, so to speak, the legitimate possession of the poor fellow, that is, of the present human being, who is limited to the poverty of the external sensory world. And of all forms of poetry, it is precisely the fairy tale that is least bound to external reality. Let us turn to sagas, myths, and legends: everywhere we find that the features that follow only supernatural laws are imbued in sagas and myths with the laws of real reality, because one goes out from the spiritual into the external world, and that the sources, which are historical sources or are in some way connected with history, are now related to the historical figure. Only fairy tales cannot be shaped like real figures; they are completely free in relation to real figures. They can use everything that exists in reality in any way they want, and they have done so. Therefore, fairy tales are the purest offspring of ancient primitive clairvoyance, something like a down payment for earlier clairvoyance. The sober-minded, the pedantic, who can only arrive at a professorial view of existence in everything, may not feel this; they do not need to feel it, for the simple reason that they always ask of every truth: How does it correspond to all reality?

A figure like Capesius strives above all else for truth. He cannot be satisfied with the question: How does a truth correspond to reality? — For he says to himself: Is a truth dismissed when one says that it represents something that corresponds to the external world? Things can be true and true and true, and they can be right and right and right, and they can have just as much relation to reality as the truth of that village boy who went to buy bread rolls and calculated quite correctly, but his calculation had no relation to reality because he calculated that he would only get five bread rolls for his ten kreuzers. The bread roll boy did the same as the one who philosophizes about reality. But in that village, you got one extra roll for five rolls, and that is something that no philosophy, no logic can calculate; that is reality. So for Capesius, the question does not arise: How does one idea or another, one concept or another, correspond to reality? Capesius, however, first asked: What does the human soul experience when it first forms a concept? Therefore, the human soul experiences, in everything that can only be external reality, ode, desiccation, a tendency toward continuous death in the soul. That is why Capesius needs the refreshment provided by Mrs. Felicia's fairy tales, needs precisely that which, in the sense of external reality, needs to be least true, a content that is real but does not need to be true in the ordinary sense. This content prepares him to find his way into the occult world.

In fairy tales, something has remained for human beings that lives on as a descendant of what people experienced in ancient clairvoyance, in a form that is so legitimate precisely because no one who lets the fairy tale pour into their soul claims that its features correspond to external reality. And in the fantasy of fairy tales, the poor boy, who otherwise has only the clever cat, has a palace that protrudes into immediate reality. Therefore, fairy tales can be wonderful spiritual nourishment for all ages. When we tell children suitable fairy tales, we stimulate their childlike souls in such a way that they are not led solely into reality, that they do not remain stuck in the mood of some concept that corresponds to external reality. For such a relationship to reality withers and desolates the soul, whereas the soul is kept alive and fresh, so that it permeates the entire organization of the human being when it feels what is real in the higher sense in the lawful forms of fairy tale images, which nevertheless lift the soul completely above the external world. People become stronger for life and grasp life more vividly if fairy tales have had an effect on their souls in childhood.

For Capesius, fairy tales are the stimulators of imaginative knowledge. It is not what they contain, what they communicate, but how they unfold, how one train of thought follows another, that has an effect and weaves itself into the soul. One train causes certain soul forces to strive upward, another causes others to strive downward, and still others thwart those striving upward and downward. This sets his soul in motion, drawing out of his soul that which ultimately enables him to look into the spiritual world. For many, fairy tales can be the most stimulating thing of all. That is why we always find something in fairy tales that originated in earlier times that shows how traits of the old clairvoyant consciousness play into the fairy tale plots. The first fairy tales did not come about because someone thought them up; only the theories of contemporary fairy tale professors who explain fairy tales came about in this way. Fairy tales were not invented anywhere; they are the last remnants of ancient clairvoyance, which were experienced in dreams by people who still had the powers to do so. What was seen in dreams was told, such as the fairy tale of Puss in Boots, which is only a transformation of the fairy tale I told you today. All fairy tales ultimately existed as the last remnants of original clairvoyance. Therefore, a real fairy tale can only come into being if – either consciously or unconsciously – the imagination is present in the soul of the fairy tale writer, which projects itself into the soul, otherwise it is not right. A fairy tale that is arbitrarily invented can never be right. If a real fairy tale still arises here and there today through some person, it arises only because a longing awakens in that person for the old times that humanity once experienced. This longing is present, but it sometimes creeps into the hidden depths of the soul, and people often fail to recognize in what they can consciously create how much comes up from the hidden depths of the soul and how much is distorted by what people can do with their present consciousness.

I would like to point out here that everything that can be expressed in poetic form can never be based on truth unless it goes back to a fulfilling longing for the old clairvoyant insight into the world, or unless it is somehow connected with new, real clairvoyance, which does not need to come out fully, which can shine hidden in the depths of the soul and can only be hinted at in the depths of the soul. That is why this relationship remains. How many people today still feel the need for rhyme? How many people today still feel the need for rhyme where it occurs? Today, the bad habit of declamation has even become so widespread that rhyme is suppressed as much as possible, declaimed over this form, and only the meaning, that is, what corresponds to external reality, is taken into consideration. But this form of poetry, rhyme, is also closely connected with a stage of language development that existed at the time when the old clairvoyance still had its after-effects.

End rhyme is connected with the strange state of mind that expresses itself after human beings entered the present stage of development through the culture of the emotional soul or intellectual soul. Basically, the time when the intellectual soul or mind soul entered human beings in the fourth post-Atlantean cultural period is also the time when memories of ancient times dawned in poetry, reaching back into the old imaginative worlds. This memory is expressed by regularly shaping what shines forth in the intellectual or emotional soul, in the end rhyme, which has its main cultivation in everything that developed in the fourth post-Atlantean cultural period.

In contrast, everything into which the culture of the fourth post-Atlantean cultural period sank experienced a very special refreshment through Christianity and the after-effects of the Mystery of Golgotha; and what this poured into was the European soul of feeling. Within Europe, the soul of feeling waited at a backward stage for a higher culture, for a culture of the intellect, which was rising from Central and Southern Europe. This lasted beyond the fourth post-Atlantean cultural period, so that what had developed in Central and Southern Europe and in the Near East could enter into what was still the old feeling soul culture in Central Europe, and absorb it into the strength of will and the energy of will that are mainly expressed in the feeling soul culture. That is why we see how, in everything that is a cultural influence from the south, end rhyme becomes quite common in poetry, and that in the culture of the will, into which Christianity is incorporated, the other rhyme, alliterative rhyme, is the correct expression. In the stabreim of Northern and Central Europe, we feel the rolling will pouring into the culture at the height of the fourth post-Atlantean cultural period, which is a culture of the intellectual or emotional soul.

It is strange that poets who, out of an original soul force, want to revive the memory of what the original force was in a particular area, sometimes want to refer back to the past in a completely inorganic way. This happened with Wilhelm Jordan, who wanted to revive the old alliterative verse in his “Nibelungen,” and who achieved a strange effect when he went around as a rhapsodist trying to bring this alliterative verse back to life. People did not really know what this was all about, because in our intellectual age, modern man knows language only as an expression of content, knows only the content of language and not what the sentient soul wants to express in the initial rhyme, what the intellectual soul wants to express in the final rhyme. The consciousness soul can no longer use rhyme in its own way, so people have to resort to other means. That is why Miss von Sivers [Marie Steiner] will now read us a short sample of alliterative verse to illustrate how an artist like Wilhelm Jordan wanted to work, how he wanted to renew old ways.

And the Norns approached, unseen by anyone,
In a silent dance, they circled
Around the betrothed couple. A gentle breeze,
That was the opinion of those intoxicated by love,
Wound its way murmuring into the fireplace;
But down to the night world, to the depths of Nibelheim,
And up to the clouds to the inhabitants of Valhalla
There sounded to ears other than earthly ones
Audible as a storm at sea, the song of the Norns:

Yours is everything

Your salvation as well as your doom,
Your will and your delusions
Your thoughts and your being.
Welcome, chained
In eternal order
The larvae of life
The multitudes of appearances;
They draw the circles
They show the goals
They instill abhorrence
They awaken desire;
But yours is the opinion
And as you have become
So you will turn,
We know the choice.
Our fingers shape
From an eternal supply
The thread of life
The individual lot.
We spin and wind
And weave and weave
The carpet of deeds
On the loom of the world.
Drawn long ago
By us is the thread,
Yours is the impact,
The pattern, O man!
But the more beautiful your shuttle
The mighty meshes
Connected into a picture
The closer the envy.
The gods of pure light
Allow it to gradually increase
The human measure.
But the night world envies
The growth toward Valhalla
And the depths have a share
In mortal matter.
They mix forbidden images
Into the pattern:
There loyalty is clouded
There the oath fades away;
There the knot is tied,
The fabric is confused
And quickly then it is cut
By the scissors of guilt.

The sun god lowered
To the lap of the most beautiful
In her lap
The brightest ray.
Then tempters sent
The lust for gold,
The deceptive dreams
We knew the choice!
Yours is everything
Your salvation as your doom,
The lots direct

Your heart and its inclination.
Your star was rising,
Now beckons him to turn,
Envied Siegfried,
The song of the Norns.

So it echoed to the heavens and down to Hela,
Like the roar of the surf breaking on the rocks,
Like the rumbling of the weather, the song of the three.
But unconscious, surrounded and enveloped by fate,
The hero and Krimhilde held each other tenderly
And exchanged their souls in sweetest reverie]
With lips glowing with lust and happiness.

Jordan himself really brought out the alliteration in his recitation. This is something that modern people find completely foreign to them. For in order to feel what Wilhelm Jordan presented as a kind of program for what he wanted, one would have to experience the old times in the new as imaginatively as if one were to feel, enveloped in all the astral currents that express what was spoken there, what took place in our assembly hall in the architect's house during the general meeting in the last few days. And then one would have to feel what took place in various ways in our impulse of knowledge during those days as the pictorial expression of the realization of a word spoken by Jordan. Then one would correctly feel what he stated as a kind of program through which he wanted to bring back a mood that had prevailed in ancient Germanic times:

... the spring of language....
It needs only guidance to fill the vessels of ancient times to the brim with a loud and lovely rustling stream of speech and to rejuvenate after a thousand years the miraculous, ancient way of German poetry.

But this requires something: an ear to perceive the sounds. This, however, is closely connected with the imagination of the old clairvoyant age, for in it the feeling for sound still existed in its original form. But what is sound? Sound itself is still an imagination, an imaginative conception.

As long as you say light and air and mean nothing else than brightness and blowing, you have no imagination. But the words themselves are imagination. And if you still feel their imaginative power, then you feel in a word, when the I predominates as in the word light, a radiant, bright indeterminacy, and in U as in air, a fullness and fulfillment. And because the ray is a thin fulfillment, the air produces a full fulfillment, therefore alliteration has a kinship with fulfillment. And it is not irrelevant whether words that have alliteration or not are put together as light and air, and it is not irrelevant whether the names of three brothers are simply put together or whether they are put together in such a way that one senses that the will of the world has united them, as in Gunther, Gernot, Giselher. There, the sentient soul perceived the old imagination in the alliteration.

And in the end rhyme, the soul of the mind would recognize itself in the old imagination. Therefore, when language is brought to life, what language leaves behind in the soul can still secretly enter into dreams as certain imaginations, so that people can bring into their dreams some of what also appears to clairvoyance as a correct characteristic, for example, of the elements. This is not always the case, but with the words light and air, for example, something arises which, when felt and acting into the dream, can under certain circumstances cause something to sprout in the dream fantasy itself which can lead to the characteristics of the elements in question, light and air. Only then will people recognize the various secrets of language, when language is traced back to its origin, namely when it is traced back to imaginative recognition. For language originates from that age when human beings were not yet poor creatures, but did not yet have the clever cat either, but still lived in a certain way with the giant of imagination and felt from the giant's limbs that which sank into sound as audible imagination. When sound is grasped by the imagination, pours into it to fill it as a shell, then it becomes the real sound.

These are things that I wanted to present to you today in a very unpretentious and disjointed way. They are intended to show you how, in a certain way, what man has lost and what has been carried over into our time must be revived, but must be regained, as Capesius regains it, so that man can then grow into the age that lies ahead of us, in which he can once again participate in the higher worlds.